Modifications of Long Economic Cycles and Prospects for Global Economic Dynamics in 2021-2050.

The article presents an analysis of the nature and causes of changes observed in the long economic cycles (Kondratieff waves) of global economic development of the first half of the 21st century. The forms of these modifications and the time boundaries of the current long economic cycle are defined. A reduction of the ascending wave of the long economic cycle to 15 years and an expected reduction of the descending wave to 15 years are noted. The reasons for the reduced durations of long economic cycle phases are associated with the proliferation of microelectronic information and communication technology and with the aggravation of global competition by major developing economies. Prospects for global economic dynamics in the next 30 years and possible time boundaries of the next long economic cycle are delineated.

[Clinical and psychological features of people with internet dependence: experience of a pilot study]. / Kliniko-psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti lits s internet-zavisimost'yu: opyt pilotnogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) is growing steadily, especially among the younger generation. The purpose of this multicenter study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical varieties, and profile of psychopathological symptoms of mental disorders in patients with IA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 2 groups: the main group consisted of 44 people, aged 16 to 34 years, average age 22.00±0.66 years, 33 (75%) men, 11 (25%) women; the control group included 120 people, aged 19 to 30 years, average age 23.13±0.18 years, 90 (74.3%) men, 30 (26.7%) women. Groups were identified at the testing stage based on the total score on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). The main group included individuals who scored CIAS 65 points or higher. The specially developed Unified Study Card, The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI), the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16), the Symptom Checklist-90-Questionnaire Revised (SCL-90-R). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were more people with secondary specialized education and unemployed in the main group. The family burden of addiction and psychiatric disorders did not differ in both groups, and the heredity of somatic diseases was lower in the IA group. In the IA group, a psychiatric diagnosis was made 9 times more often. The severity of affective and anxiety disorders was higher in the IA group, while the risk of psychosis was low that allows considering the symptoms of IA outside the framework of subpsychotic mental disorders. The features of the psychopathological symptoms of IA were: total «tension¼ of the psychopathological profile; a relatively uniform and slightly specific profile of psychopathological symptoms with a certain tendency to the prevalence of personality-related stress manifestations.

[Roentgen endovascular treatment of common carotid artery dissection after eversion carotid endarterectomy]. / Rentgenendovaskulyarnoe lechenie dissektsii obshchei sonnoi arterii posle eversionnoi karotidnoi endarterektomii.

The article deals with the use of self-expanding stents for endovascular treatment in patients presenting with dissection of the common carotid artery, exemplified by two clinical case reports. In both cases, dissection of the common carotid artery developed after eversion carotid endarterectomy. Intimal detachment was eliminated in both cases by implanting self-expanding stents. These cases demonstrated possibilities of roentgen endovascular methods of treatment making it possible to successfully replace a repeat, technically difficult surgical intervention for iatrogenic dissection of the common carotid artery.

[Endoprosthetic repair with stent grafts in coronary artery restenosis].

Timely performed reconstructive operations on carotid arteries considerably decrease the incidence rate of ischaemic-type acute impairments of cerebral circulation. Nevertheless, restenoses developing in the zone of reconstruction of carotid arteries level the positive result of the primary operation in remote terms of follow up. In such cases it is more preferable to perform stenting of the damaged portions. The article deals with cases of successful use of self-expandable stent grafts in restenoses of carotid arteries after carotid endarterectomy and operations of prosthetic repair of carotid arteries. The analysis was carried out by international publications concerning this problem.

[Hygienic assessment of conditions of the exploitation of facilities of the urban drainage system].

The aim of the study was the hygienic characteristics of the location of sewage pumping stations (SPSs) in the residential area of the city and the assessment of working conditions for the staff. The features of the technological process at the SPSs resulted in the formation of specific working conditions characterized by the presence of a cooling microclimate, noise production, technological vibration, air pollution by microorganisms. The assessment of working conditions has allowed to refer them to the 3 class (harmful working conditions) of the 2 and 3 degree. Preventive measures for SPSs should include the use of equipment for cleaning the air of working zone, having a combined odourremoving and microbicidal action; the automation of the labor process; the installation of additional equipment for filtering air circulating in workplaces and emitting into the atmosphere; provision of sealing equipment with the use of noise insulating materials.

[Use of self-expandable stent grafts in aneurysms of internal carotid arteries].

Open surgical intervention is an operation of choice in lesions of coronary arteries. In some cases, however, performing reconstructive surgery is either impossible or associated with high risk of both intra- and postoperative complications. In such cases it is possible to perform an endovascular intervention, including endoprosthetic repair. The Russian and foreign literature contains either sporadic or small-in-number case reports concerning the use of stent grafts in carotid arteries aneurysms. The article describes cases of successful use of self-expandable stent grafts in three patients with a true aneurysm and pseudoaneurysms of internal carotid arteries.

[Working conditions and health among transport drivers in Saint Petersburg].

The authors present data on working conditions and health state among professional transport drives in Saint Petersburg.

[Medical service and health state of vehicle drivers of city water supply and sewerage enterprise].

The article covers data on medical service system and health state of vehicle drivers on major water supply and sewerage enterprise.

[Comparison of remote results outcomes of stenting and eversion endarterectomy from internal carotid arteries].

Presented in the article are comparative results of carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) and eversion carotid endarterectomy (ECEA) in the remote period of follow up. The study included a total of 92 patients. Of these, 33 were subjected to CAS (Group I) and 59 underwent a total of 63 ECEAs (Group II). Depending upon the presence or absence of symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency (CVI), as well as based on assessment of risk factors for surgical intervention, the patients were subdivided into four subgroups: a) low-risk asymptomatic b) low-risk symptomatic, c) high-risk asymptomatic and d) high-risk symptomatic. We followed up remote results in 31 Group I patients (94%) up to 70 months (mean period of follow up amounted to 25±17 months), and in 36 Group II patients up to for up to 65 months (mean duration of the follow up amounting to 37±20 months). There was no statistically significant difference (P >0.05) between subgroups of patients along such parameters as severe or mild stroke, myocardial infarction, stroke-related death, or myocardial infarction related death. CAS and ECEA are equally highly efficient techniques of preventing acute cerebral circulation impairments in the remote period of follow up in patients of both high and low risk of surgical intervention.

[Surgical treatment of the tracheal scarry stenoses]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie rubtsovykh stenozov trakhei.

Surgical policy for scarry tracheal stenosis is analyzed. In the years 1998-2003 in the clinic there were 32 circular resections of the trachea. More than 5 cm of the tracheal segment was ablated in 15 of the cases. The initially performed endoscopic treatment including bougieurage and trachea endoprosthesis was carried out in 19 patients. The immediate and long-term results were satisfactory in all cases that allowed the authors to recommend the one-step circular resection of the trachea as a method of choice for the treatment of lengthy scarry stenoses of the trachea.

[Criteria of functional operability and indications for intraoperative volumetric monitoring of patients during extensive surgical procedures on the lung]. / Kriterii funktsional'noi operabel'nosti i pokazaniia k intraoperatsionnomu voliumetricheskomu monitoringu u bol'nykh pri obshirnykh operativnykh vmeshatel'stvakh na legkikh.

The investigation included 32 patients after extensive operative interventions on the lungs: pneumonectomy with circular resection of the trachea bifurcation and different kinds of combined pneumonectomies. Methods of Doppler echocardiography and thermal dilution were used for studying the parameters of lesser circulation before, during and after operation. Patients with the initially impaired hemodynamics had more pronounced functional changes after surgical procedures. The shift limits of the main ultrasonic indices of the right ventricle function were determined in order to form a group of the higher prognostic risk.

Measurement of the tensor analyzing powers T20 and T21 in elastic electron-deuteron scattering.

The tensor analyzing power components T20 and T21 have been measured in elastic electron-deuteron scattering at the 2 GeV electron storage ring VEPP-3, Novosibirsk, in a four-momentum transfer range from 8.4 to 21.6 fm(-2). A new polarized internal gas target with an intense cryogenic atomic beam source was used. The new data determine the deuteron form factors G(C) and G(Q) in an important range of momentum transfer where the first node of the deuteron monopole charge form factor is located. The new results are compared with previous data and with some theoretical predictions.

[Mycotic aneurysms of the thoraco-abdominal part of the aorta]. / Mikoticheskie anevrizmy torakoabdominal'nogo otdela aorty.

Mycotoc aneurysms (MA)--a rare and extremely dangerous lesion of the aorta. CT, MRA and aortography were used to diagnose MA of the thoracoabdominal areas in 2 men of 64 and 67 years of age. The clinical picture included: fever with shivering with the temperature 38-39 degrees C and increasing pains in the inferiothoracic and lumbar areas of the spine. Hemoculture was positive in 1 patient only. The patients were operated on. Shunting of the aorta from the inferiothoracic to infrarenal segments was performed in one patient with the exclusion of the involved portion and resection of MA. Metalloosteosynthesis of the spine due to destruction of LI-LII and compression of the spine were performed in the second patient followed by analogous shunting of the aorta and visceral arteries with the resection of the aneurysm. To prevent infection of the prostheses the shunts were wrapped up with a piece of the greater omentum. One patient died two months later from recurrent sepsis. The other one is alive, within 28 months the shunts are patent, there are no signs of a reinfection.

[Psychophysiologic interrelations in healthy subjects and alcoholics in remission]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie vzaimootnosheniia u zdorovykh liudei i bol'nykh alkogolizmom v faze remissii.

Twenty male patients suffering from alcoholism (10 at the second and 10 at the third stage of disease) at the phase of a remission were subjected to electropolygraphic examination during night sleep and relaxed wakefulness. The mental state was examined by MIL and Spilberger's tests. A control group included 14 normal subjects in whom, additionally to the baseline examinations, the authors studied the effect of a single dose of ethanol taken before sleep on the nonspecific cerebral systems. The latter was associated with an increase in the deep stages of sleep and a reduction of the phase of rapid sleep as well as a decrease of the activation parameters. The electropolygraphic and psychological characteristics in patients with alcoholism of stage II and III showed no significant differences, yet both groups differed considerably from healthy subjects which was expressed in the intensified desynchronization of the cerebral bioelectrical activity in both sleep and wakefulness and in the presence of anxiety-depressive disorders. Hyperfunction of the ascending activating system of the brain seems to be responsible for the above psychophysiological changes.

[Organization of multi-level medical services for women with abortions and for premature infants]. / Opyt organizatsii mnogoétapnoi meditsinskoi pomoshchi zhenshchinam, stradaiushchim nevynashivaniem beremennosti, i nedonoshennym novorozhdennym.

PIP: The organization of hospitals providing preventive care and medical services for women who have had abortions and for premature infants reduces infant mortality, prevents serious disorders of the central nervous system, and contributes to resuscitation measures. A children's hospital, organized in Moscow in 1971, provides obstetric and pediatric services. It includes: 1) a polyclinic with a family and marriage counseling department; 2) a maternity home with a medical services department for women who have had abortions; a physiological and clinical obstetrics department; a medical services department for premature infants; and a resususcitation and intensive care department for premature infants; 3) a facility for medical treatment of premature infants; and 4) a facility for rehabilitation of children with disorders of the central nervous system. This new form of specialized medical services enables the hospital to develop an effective strategy of monitoring women who have had abortions, deal with premature delveries, and treat premature infants. Such organization makes it possible to transfer premature infants from the maternity home to rehabilitiation facilities and provide them with multilevel medical services thoughout the rehabilitation period. The specialized medical services for women who have had abortions and for premature infants proved to be highly effective and are recommended for broad application within the Soviet health care system.^ieng

[Clinical pharmacokinetics of mebikar. Computation of individual dosage regimens]. / Klinicheskaia farmakokinetika mebikara. Raschet individual'nykh rezhimov dozirovaniia.

The authors review the principles of calculating the optimal dosage regimens of mebicar used in the treatment of borderline psychopathological abnormalities in alcoholics. Mebicar administered to patients according to the calculated dosage regimens ensures the positive clinical effect. This is supported by the clinicopsychopathological and electrophysiological data.