From Gut to Heart: A Case Report of Infectious Endocarditis Stemming From Cholecystitis-Induced Enterococcus faecium Bacteremia.

Systemic infections are not always going to present as we expect. The study of bacteremia and febrile syndrome represents one of the most important diagnostic challenges nowadays. This case demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and finding a common point that explains all the patient's symptoms, no matter how disconnected they may seem. Here, we present the case of a patient where multiple treatments were performed to manage recurrent infective endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecium but the cause of this persistence was never found despite surgical management. With only a few cases reported in literature involving this pathogen, it is of great importance to emphasize how searching for a natural reservoir, such as the gallbladder, for this pathogen helped solve the diagnostic mystery that this patient represented. Here, we present how the culture of biological materials, such as the aortic valve replacement, as well as blood cultures, made it possible to identify the etiological agent associated with the pathology and, in turn, find the cause of recurrent bacteremia.

QRS-fragmentation: Case report and review of the literature / Fragmentación del QRS: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract Fragmentation of QRS complex (QRSf) is an easily evaluable, non-invasive electrocardiographic parameter that represents depolarisation anomalies and has been associated with several adverse outcomes, such as sudden death, fibrosis, arrhythmic burden, and a worse prognosis in different conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD). The case is presented of a 69-year old male referred due to symptoms of chronic stable angina. His electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, absence of Q waves, but the presence of QRSf in the inferior leads and V4-V6. A Tc-99 myocardial perfusion SPECT scan revealed a fixed perfusion defect in the inferolateral region, corresponding to the finding of QRSf. QRSf is an easily valuable electrocardiographic marker with relative sensitivity, but poor specificity. Its routine clinical application could contribute to an increase in the suspicion of coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The presence of fragmented QRS represents distortion of signal conduction and depolarisation, which is related to myocardial scar or myocardial fibrosis. © 2016 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Resumen La fragmentación del QRS (fQRS) es un parámetro electrocardiográfico fácilmente evaluable que representa anomalías de despolarización y que se ha asociado a varios resultados adversos como muerte súbita, fibrosis, carga arrítmica y peor pronóstico en diferentes afecciones, incluyendo la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 69 años referido para estudio por síntomas compatibles con angina de esfuerzo. El electrocardiograma mostró ritmo sinusal, sin ondas Q, pero con fQRS en la cara inferior y en V4-V6. Un SPECT cardiaco con Tecnecio-99 demostró fijo inferior e inferolateral, correspondiente al territorio electrocardiográfico de fQRS. La fQRS es un marcador electrocardiográfico fácilmente valorable, relativamente sensible, aunque poco específico, el cual puede contribuir en la práctica clínica a aumentar la probabilidad de sospecha de una enfermedad arterial coronaria. © 2016 Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

QRS-fragmentation: Case report and review of the literature.

Fragmentation of QRS complex (QRSf) is an easily evaluable, non-invasive electrocardiographic parameter that represents depolarisation anomalies and has been associated with several adverse outcomes, such as sudden death, fibrosis, arrhythmic burden, and a worse prognosis in different conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD). The case is presented of a 69-year old male referred due to symptoms of chronic stable angina. His electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, absence of Q waves, but the presence of QRSf in the inferior leads and V4-V6. A Tc-99 myocardial perfusion SPECT scan revealed a fixed perfusion defect in the inferolateral region, corresponding to the finding of QRSf. QRSf is an easily valuable electrocardiographic marker with relative sensitivity, but poor specificity. Its routine clinical application could contribute to an increase in the suspicion of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: The presence of fragmented QRS represents distortion of signal conduction and depolarisation, which is related to myocardial scar or myocardial fibrosis.