RESUMO
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of vascular disease worldwide and contributes significantly to deaths from cardiovascular complications. There is a remarkably close relationship between atherosclerotic plaque formation and the activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, depending on which RAS pathway is activated, pro- or anti-atherogenic outcomes may be observed. This brief review focuses on the role of three of the most important pieces of RAS axis, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7) and their involvement in atherosclerosis. We focused on the effects of these molecules on vascular function and inflammation, which are important determinants of atherogenesis. Furthermore, we highlighted potential pharmacological approaches to treat this disorder.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands. Apoptosis plays an important role in organogenesis of glandular structures, and aberrations of apoptotic mechanisms is associated with a wide array of pathologic conditions. METHODS: The immunoexpression of proteins associated with apoptosis and proliferation was evaluated in 40 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases. RESULTS: Par-4, Survivin, MUC1, PHLDA1, Fas, and Ki-67 were predominantly expressed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FasL was rarely expressed, and Caspase-3 expression was observed in almost 50% of the cases. SPARC expression was associated with low-grade tumors, and Ki-67 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Expression of Fas and decreased expression of Ki-67 and Caspase-3 were associated with better overall cancer-specific survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: The association of SPARC and Ki-67 expression with pathological features and the association of Fas, Caspase-3, and Ki-67 with survival probabilities suggest that these proteins may be useful prognostic markers for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/metabolismo , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Adulto , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/mortalidade , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/mortalidade , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismoRESUMO
We describe three newly isolated phages-Obliviate, UmaThurman, and Guacamole-that infect Gordonia terrae 3612. The three genomes are related to one another but are not closely related to other previously sequenced phages or prophages. The three phages are predicted to use integration-dependent immunity systems as described in several mycobacteriophages.