Rumen degradable protein levels on fatty acid profile of rumen bacteria and milk fat of dairy cows supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) from soybean oil in diets with different levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) on bio-hydrogenation extent, and fatty acid (FA) profile intake, omasal digesta, rumen bacteria, and milk fat. Eight Holstein lactating cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two CSFA levels (0 or 33.2 g/kg DM of CSFA) and two RDP levels (98.0 or 110 g/kg DM). There was RDP and CSFA interaction effect on the omasal flow of total FA and some specific FA. Only in -CSFA diets, the higher RDP level increased omasal flow of total FA. Dietary RDP levels did not affect the FA profile of bacteria and milk fat. Feeding CSFA reduced or tended to reduce the bacterial proportion of C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, and C18:0 FA and decreased the concentrations of short- and medium-chain FA (<18C) and increased the concentrations of unsaturated and long-chain FA (≥18C) in milk fat. Feeding CSFA of soybean oil increases the intake and omasal flow of FA and augments unsaturated FA content in bacteria pellets and milk fat.

Estudo da potencialidade de reuso da água descartada em sistema de purificação de água usada em tratamentos por hemodiálise / Study of the reuse potentiality of the discarded water in water purification system to hemodialysis treatments

A qualidade da água utilizada em tratamentos por hemodiálise é fundamental para a redução dos riscos à saúde dos pacientes que necessitam deste recurso terapêutico. Uma vez que várias fontes podem contaminar os mananciais de abastecimento, a água usada em aparelhos de hemodiálise deve ser purificada e submetida a um controle da qualidade rigoroso, desde o ponto da sua entrada nas clínicas de hemodiálise até o seu uso. Durante o processo de purificação, cerca de 40% dessa água é descartada. Visando o uso racional dos recursos hídricos, estudou-se a potencialidade do uso das águas descartadas durante a purificação das águas usadas em tratamentos por hemodiálise. Para isso foram determinadas as vazões descartadas e as amostras de água de descarte foram analisadas no Laboratório de Saneamento da Universidade Federal de Itajubá (LabSan/UNIFEI) com relação aos seguintes parâmetros: alcalinidade, condutividade, dureza, pH, sólidos totais, sólidos voláteis totais e turbidez. Com a realização deste estudo, verificou-se que em média 6.250 litros por dia de água são descartados na Clínica de Nefrologia e Hipertensão de Itajubá e que, ao invés de serem descartadas, estas águas podem ser usadas para diversas finalidades como, por exemplo, em lavanderia e limpezas em geral, dentre outros usos.

The quality of the water used in treatments for hemodialysis is crucial for the reduction of risks on patients who need this therapeutic approach. As several sources can contaminate the water supply, the water used in hemodialysis devices must be purified and submitted to a rigorous control of quality, from the point of its entrance at hemodialysis clinics until its use. During the purification process, approximately 40% of this water is discarded. Aiming the rational use of the water resources, the potentiality of the use of discarded waters was studied during the purification process used in hemodialysis facilities. For this, the discarded outflows were measured and the discarded water samples were analyzed in the Sanitation Laboratory of the Federal University of Itajubá (LabSan/UNIFEI) with regard to the following parameters: alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, pH, total solids, total volatile solids and turbidity. In this study, it was verified that 6,250 liters per day on average of water are discarded at the Nephrology and Hypertension Clinical of Itajubá and that, instead of being discarded, these waters could be used for several purposes as, for example, in laundry and general cleaning, among others.