Functional and concurrent training do not impair immune function and improve functional fitness in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of functional and concurrent training on immune function and functional fitness in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed on 108 women aged 60 or older who were randomly assigned among the groups: control group (CG: n = 40; 63.88 ± 3.64 years); functional training (FT: n = 32; 63.88 ± 3.79 years); and concurrent training (CT: n = 36; 64.83 ± 4.00 years). Immune function was measured by the expression of the T-lymphocyte function-related surface markers (CD28 and CD57). Functional fitness was assessed using physical tests similar to daily activities, i.e., five times sit to stand, timed up and go, and gallon-jug shelf-transfer. RESULTS: Regarding immune function, there was only a time effect, without between-group differences. Specifically, FT and CT show a reduction and increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, without impairment in the subpopulations analyzed, while CG showed a reduction in naive T cells (CD8+CD28+). For functional fitness tests, there was a time × group interaction effect for all tests, the FT and CT were superior to the CG, with FT showing differences after the fourth week, while the CT showed this effect after the eighth week of intervention. CONCLUSION: FT and CT do not impair immune function and similarly improve functional fitness in postmenopausal women. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: RBR-2d56bt.

Aberrant Phenotypes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Relationship with Prognosis and Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The aim of this review was to evaluate the influence of aberrant phenotypes in prognosis and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by multiparametric flow cytometry. Materials and Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a review of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science was carried out through 1998 to 2016, conducted by two reviewers independently, evaluating titles, abstracts and full-texts of the selected studies. Results: Ten studies were included on this review, in which the aberrant phenotype expression of 17 markers were detected in AML patients. From these, 11 aberrant phenotypes were associated with prognosis, which eight had shown negative impact on prognosis: CD7, CD56, CD15, CD2, CD3, CD90low, CD123high, CD117high, and three others were associated with good prognosis: CD19, CD98high and CD117+/CD15+. Meta-analysis showed that aberrant expression of CD56 as a poor prognostic marker with unfavorable outcomes is implicated in decreased overall survival in AML patients in 28 months (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.92). Conclusion: This was observed when there was association between CD56 expression and other prognostic factors, influencing on patients' management care and treatment.