Seroepidemiological survey on sporotrichosis-infection in rural areas of the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation into the skin by fungi species of the genus Sporothrix. The disease has different clinical manifestations (cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, and disseminated), and can also progress to a systemic infection. Despite having a worldwide distribution, sporotrichosis is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. In Brazil, reports of the disease are higher frequent, where cases of the disease were found in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Curitiba, Pernambuco, and Paraiba, among others. Certain groups of people may be more exposed to the causative agent of disease, such as residents of rural areas. Thus, this work aimed to carry out a seroepidemiological survey of the prevalence of sporotrichosis in four rural locations in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In this study, we used an indirect ELISA test in the survey on the prevalence of sporotrichosis. Data obtained in this study evaluated a population of 631 individuals and showed a prevalence of 44.69%. The distribution of seroprevalence of sporotrichosis with respect to age groups and gender showed no significant statistical difference. Thus, we found a high seroprevalence of sporotrichosis-infection in rural regions of southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with no difference in prevalence in relation to gender and age.

Cocoa and unripe banana flour beverages improve anthropometric and biochemical markers in overweight women: A randomised double-blind study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a functional cocoa and unripe banana flour (UBF) beverage intake on the anthropometric and biochemical markers of overweight women. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial involved 60 female volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years. One group received a cocoa beverage (n = 30) and one group received a cocoa and UBF beverage (n = 30), for 6 weeks. The cocoa beverage showed 3.07 total g dietary fiber/serving and 29.55 mg gallic acid equivalentes/portion (GAE/portion). Cocoa and UBF beverage contained 8.48% resistant starch by weight, 4.37 g dietary fiber/full portion and 69.24 mg GAE/portion. Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions were evaluated. Results: The UBF and cocoa beverage reduced waist circumference (-2.03 cm, P < 0.001) and the cocoa beverage reduced total cholesterol (-19.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and the LDL/HDL ratio (-0.32, P < 0.001); in addition, both beverages promoted the reduction of body fat percentage (-1.98%, P = 0.001 and -1.15%, P < 0.001 Cocoa/UPF group and Cocoa group respectively). Conclusion: The additional dietary fiber did not further improve health status.

Effect of Pereskia aculeata Mill. in vitro and in overweight humans: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) flour on the adhesion of probiotics to intestinal epithelial cells and to evaluate the effect of a product based on this flour on gastrointestinal symptoms, weight, body fat, glycemia, and lipid profile in overweight men. METHODS: Microbiological counts (probiotic count, survival after in vitro gastrointestinal resistance, Caco-2 cell adhesion) were analyzed. A randomized, cross-over intervention was performed. Intestinal microbiota was indirectly assessed on the basis of consistency, color of feces, and gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: P. aculeata did not affect Lactobacillus casei adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Ora-pro-nobis flour improved gastrointestinal symptoms and increased satiety. CONCLUSION: The consumption of ora-pro-nobis flour improved intestinal health. In addition, it maintained the high adherence of L. casei to intestinal cells as well as patient anthropometric and biochemical parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pereskia aculeata Mill. is well known in folk medicine and has several nutrients; however, there are few studies on this plant. This is the first study to analyze the influence of P. aculeata on bacterial adherence and the first cross-over clinical trial to evaluate the beneficial potential of ora-pro-nobis flour in overweight men. Thus, this study will contribute to the promotion of ora-pro-nobis as a functional ingredient and will arouse the interest of industries to develop related healthy foods. In addition, it is an effective dietary strategy to improve the gastrointestinal health of men.

Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on calcium bioavailability and inflammation in Wistar rats.

Chia is a good source of calcium, however it is not been previously reported its bioavailability associated with an inflammatory condition. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of chia on calcium bioavailability, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet or standard diet for 35 days. Chia consumption resulted in lower calcium balance and calcium absorption and retention rates. In addition, the urinary calcium concentration was lower in groups that were fed chia. The bone resistance of animals feed chia was lower than that in rats fed the standard diet receiving calcium carbonate. Animals that were fed chia showed lower total, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than animalsfed calcium carbonate. Animals fed standard diet showed higher superoxide dismutase plasma concentrations than animals in the high fat calcium carbonate group. PPAR-α protein levels were higher in animals fed chia whereas TNF-α and IL-10 were lower in these animals. NFκB mRNA expression and protein levels were lower in the groups that received chia compared with HFD + CC. Chia intake presented low calcium bioavailability regardless of the type of diet consumed and was able to improved inflammation and the lipid profile in young Wistar rat. Besides this, the consumption of this seed increased the activity of antioxidants enzymes.

Estado nutricional antropométrico e comorbidades associadas à síndrome metabólica em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica / Anthropometric nutritional status and comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome in women submitted to bariatric surgery

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da cirurgia bariátrica sobre o estado nutricional antropométrico e comorbidades associadas à síndrome metabólica e verificar a adequação do consumo de micronutrientes em mulheres submetidas ao procedimento. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, no qual foram avaliadas mulheres submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de registro alimentar aplicado em triplicata. O estado nutricional antropométrico (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura) foi aferido no período pós-cirúrgico. Dados sobre antropometria antes da cirurgia e presença de comorbidades (hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças) foram obtidos por questionário estruturado, padronizado e pré-codificado. Para avaliação dos resultados, as mulheres foram estratificadas em dois grupos considerando o tempo transcorrido após a cirurgia no momento da avaliação: G1 com tempo pós-cirúrgico até 36 meses e G2 com tempo pós-cirúrgico maior do que 36 meses. Resultados: Foram estudadas 14 mulheres, com média de idade de 34,6±14 anos, com tempo de realização da cirurgia compreendido entre 11 a 84 meses, sendo oito alocadas em G1 e seis em G2. Na avaliação após a cirurgia bariátrica observou-se redução do peso (p<0.01) e do índice de massa corporal (p<0.01) em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação pós cirúrgica, foram classificadas como obesas pelo índice de massa corporal 25,0% das mulheres do G1 (tempo de cirurgia até 36 meses) e 33,3% das mulheres do G2 (tempo de cirurgia após 36 meses). Verificou-se diminuição das comorbidades associadas à síndrome metabólica entre as avaliações pré e pós cirúrgicas. Foram detectadas deficiências no consumo relatado de micronutrientes após a cirurgia, destacando-se cálcio, ferro e vitamina B12. Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a eficácia da cirurgia bariátrica no tratamento da obesidade e controle das comorbidades associadas à síndrome metabólica nesta amostra de mulheres. A presença de inadequações no consumo de nutrientes assinala a necessidade do cuidado nutricional no pós operatório da cirurgia bariátrica.

Aims: To assess the impact of bariatric surgery on anthropometric nutritional status and comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome and to verify the adequacy of micronutrient intake of women undergoing this surgical procedure. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate women undergoing bariatric surgery. Dietary intake was assessed using a food record in triplicate. The anthropometric nutritional status (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference) was measured in the postoperative period. Anthropometric data before surgery and presence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, among others) were obtained by a structured, standardized, pre-coded questionnaire. To evaluate the results, women were stratified into two groups considering the time after surgery: less than or equal to 36 months (G1) and greater than 36 months (G2). Results: Fourteen women with a mean age of 34.6±14 years and postoperative time between 11 and 84 months were assessed; eight of whom were allocated to G1 and six to G2. Decreases in weight (p<0.01) and body mass index (p<0.01) were observed in both groups after bariatric surgery. Twenty-five percent of G1 women (up to 36 months after surgery) and 33% of G2 women (more than 36 months after surgery) were considered to be obese. There were a lower number of comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome when preoperative and postoperative assessments were compared. Micronutrient deficiencies (especially of calcium, iron, and vitamin B12) were detected after surgery. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery was shown to be an effective method for treating obesity and controlling comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome. Inadequate nutrient intake, however, indicates a greater need of postoperative nutritional care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Ethnicity, Obesity and Emotional Factors Associated With Gestational Hypertension.

Identifying factors that can be related to the occurrence of gestational arterial hypertension. The sample was composed by 105 pregnant women in their third trimester of gestation, during the period between September 2013 and August 2014. General assessment questionnaires together with a questionnaire to evaluate anxiety (STAI-A-STATE) were applied; arterial blood pressure values were collected. To classify anxiety, a mean of the final result of all the questionnaires gotten was calculated. Pregnant women who showed scores higher than the mean were considered anxious. All data were analyzed by a logistic regression. The significance level adopted was 0.05. A data analysis allowed us to verify that 92.38% of the pregnant women had an anxious personality STAI-A-STATE and 12.38% of them had a momentary hypertension. The momentary hypertension showed a correlation between the hypertension and the state anxiety score (p = 0.049). The hypertension showed an association with the presence of depression (OR 8.69), obesity (OR 6.45), anxiety (OR 7.77), nausea (OR 12.79) and non-white race (OR 8.18). According to the study realized, the factors non-white race, depression, nausea, obesity and anxiety can be considered risk factors for the occurrence of gestational arterial hypertension. Based on these findings, a high quality prenatal assistance is considered of prime importance.

Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depression in the third gestational trimester.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and gestational depression and to determine the risk factors associated to its development. METHOD: Pregnant women during their third quarter of pregnancy were invited to participate to the study, and they signed an informed consent form. After that, they filled in a general assessment questionnaire in which socio-economical and obstetrical characteristics together with general health conditions and behaviors harmful for the pregnancy were evaluated. To determine the anxiety symptoms a STAI A-trait scale and a STAI-A-state scale were used and to measure the depression a CES-D scale was used. A data logistic regression was realized to determine significant associations. The significance level adopted was 0.05 for all statistical tests. RESULTS: The final sample was represented by 207 pregnant women and the prevalence of depression was the highest value (73.5%), followed by state anxiety (58.5%) and finally by trait anxiety (53.2%). Only trait anxiety was explained by the variables studied and it was associated to the realization of a treatment for chronic diseases (OR = 2.93; IC = 1.02-8.41; p = 0.045) and the usage of continuous prescription drugs (OR = 2.30; IC = 1.06-4.97; p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women were both high and only trait anxiety was explained by treatment for chronic diseases and the usage of continuous prescription drugs.

Prevalence of paracoccidioidomycosis infection by intradermal reaction in rural areas in Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, DTH) to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in Alfenas, Southern Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacted by local health agents and so spontaneously attended the test. Participants underwent an interview by filling out a registration form with epidemiological data and were tested with an intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of paracoccidioidin in the left forearm. The test was read 48 hours after injection and was considered positive if induration was greater than or equal to 5 mm. Out of 542 participants, 46.67% were positive to the skin test. Prevalence increased in accordance with an increase of age. There was statistical significance only for males. Occupation, alcohol intake and smoking habits were not significantly associated with the risk of paracoccidioidomycosis infection. There is relevance of paracoccidioidomycosis infection in such rural areas, which suggests that further epidemiological and clinical studies on this mycosis should be done in the southern part of Minas Gerais State.

Prevalence of prracoccidioidomycosis infection y intradermal reaction in rurall areas in alfenas, minas gerais, Braill / Prevalência da paracoccidioidomicose por intradermorreação em áreas rurais de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, DTH) to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in Alfenas, Southern Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacted by local health agents and so spontaneously attended the test. Participants underwent an interview by filling out a registration form with epidemiological data and were tested with an intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of paracoccidioidin in the left forearm. The test was read 48 hours after injection and was considered positive if induration was greater than or equal to 5 mm. Out of 542 participants, 46.67% were positive to the skin test. Prevalence increased in accordance with an increase of age. There was statistical significance only for males. Occupation, alcohol intake and smoking habits were not significantly associated with the risk of paracoccidioidomycosis infection. There is relevance of paracoccidioidomycosis infection in such rural areas, which suggests that further epidemiological and clinical studies on this mycosis should be done in the southern part of Minas Gerais State.

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de sensibilização da pele pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis em áreas rurais em Alfenas, MG, Brasil, e avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional utilizando testes intradérmicos com paracoccidioidina em 542 indivíduos selecionados por demanda espontânea. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma entrevista através do preenchimento de um formulário de inscrição com os dados epidemiológicos e os testes com a administração intradérmica de 0,1 mL de paracoccidioidina no antebraço esquerdo. O teste foi lido 48 h após a injeção e foi considerado positivo se enduramento era maior ou igual a 5 mm. De 542, 46,67% participantes foram positivos ao teste de pele. Prevalência aumentou de acordo com o aumento da idade. Houve significância estatística apenas para o sexo masculino. Profissão, alcoolismo e tabagismo não foram significativamente associados com o risco de infecção paracoccidioidomicose. Há relevância da infecção paracoccidioidomicose em áreas rurais, o que sugere mais estudos epidemiológicos e clínicos sobre esta micose no sul do estado de Minas Gerais.

Impacto da intervenção nutricional no perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de participantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Impact of nutritional intervention on the anthropometric profile and dietary intake of participants of the Family Health Strategy (FHS)

The evaluation of the impact of nutritional intervention on dietary habits and anthropometric profile of adults and elderly assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) consisted of a descriptive study carried out with 77 bubjects enrolled in this program in a health center in the municipality of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil . A clinical nutritional script was used to collect data on the socioeconomic, health, anthropometric and dietary profiles of patients. Anthropometric measures and dietary intake were assessed in the first and last days of assistance. Dietary habits were assessed using the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Hypertension was prevalent among the diseases reported, with or without associations to other comorbidities. At baseline, it was found that most patients (80.5%) were overweight; at the end of the study, weight loss was 36% and 33.3% for the adult and elderly patients initially treated, respectively. Weight gain occurred in 21.3% of adults and 26.7% of the elderly. It was also possible to observe that the total fat (r=?0.494) and saturated fat (r=?0.257) correlated negatively, while the dietary fiber (r=+0.421) showed positive correlation with the DQI. Thus, nutritional intervention promoted a positive impact among those who lost weight, as well as among those who improved the quality of food intake measured by the DQI, only through simple measures such as the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, encouragement of rice and beans consumption, and discouragement of high-fat content foods consumption, especially saturated fats and simple sugars.

Este estudio evaluó el impacto de la intervención nutricional en los hábitos alimentarios y el perfil antropométrico de los adultos y los ancianos atendidos por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, realizado con 77 participantes de la ESF en un centro de salud en la ciudad de Viçosa, MG. Se utilizó un cuestionario clínico de nutrición para colectar los datos del perfil socioeconómico y de salud, perfil antropométrico y alimentario. Las medidas antropométricas y el consumo de alimentos se evaluaron en el primer y último día de atención en el centro de salud. Los hábitos alimentarios se evaluaron utilizando el Índice de Calidad de la dieta (ICD). Entre las enfermedades relatadas predominó la hipertensión (55,9%), relacionada o no a otras morbidades. Al inicio del estudio se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes (80,5%) tenían sobrepeso. Al final del estudio hubo pérdida de peso en 36% de los adultos y 33,3% de los ancianos. El 21,3% de los adultos y el 26,7% de los ancianos aumentaron de peso. La grasa total (r=?0,494) y las grasas saturadas (r=?0,257) se correlacionaron negativamente con el ICD, mientras que las fibras alimentares lo hicieron positivamente (r=0,421) . Por lo expuesto anteriormente, podemos concluir que la intervención nutricional promovió un impacto positivo entre quienes perdieron peso, así como entre quienes mejoraron la calidad de su alimentación (medida por el ICD) con medidas simples como aumentar el consumo de frutas y hortalizas, estimular el consumo de arroz y frijoles y desestimular el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas, especialmente las saturadas y los azúcares simples.

A avaliação do impacto da intervenção nutricional nos hábitos alimentares e perfil antropométrico de adultos e idosos atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família consistiram de um estudo descritivo, realizado com 77 indivíduos cadastrados em uma unidade de saúde na cidade de Viçosa, MG. Utilizou-se um roteiro clínico nutricional para coletar os dados socioeconômicos e de saúde, perfil alimentar e antropométrico. As medidas antropométricas e consumo alimentar foram avaliados no primeiro e último dia de atendimentos. Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD). Entre as doenças relatadas a hipertensão predominou relacionada ou não a outras morbidades (55,9%). No início do estudo, verificou-se que a maioria dos indivíduos (80,5%) tinham excesso de peso e que, ao final do estudo, houve perda de peso em 36% e 33,3% dos adultos e idosos atendidos inicialmente, respectivamente. O ganho de peso ocorreu em 21,3% dos adultos e 26,7% dos idosos. Observou-se ainda que as gorduras totais (r=?0,494) e gorduras saturadas (r=?0,257) correlacionaram-se negativamente e as fibras alimentares (r=+0,421) positivamente com o IQD. Logo, a intervenção nutricional promoveu impacto positivo entre aqueles que perderam peso, bem como entre os que melhoraram a qualidade de sua alimentação, medida pelo IQD com medidas simples como aumentar o consumo de frutas e hortaliças, estimular o consumo de arroz e feijão e desencorajar o consumo de alimentos ricos em gorduras, principalmente as saturadas e açúcares simples.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise / Assessment of quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é uma doença que acomete grande parcela da população, provoca graves consequências na vida do paciente, inclusive quando este precisa ser submetido ao tratamento, que, por sua vez, também compromete as dimensões física, psíquica e social, as quais podem influenciar diretamente na qualidade de vida (QV). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a QV dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado com uma amostra de conveniência. Foi utilizado o Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL SF-36). Os voluntários eram portadores de IRC, submetidos ao tratamento de hemodiálise em uma clínica de terapia renal substitutiva, no período de junho a julho de 2006. Para análise dos dados, foi aplicada estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Dos 62 pacientes que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, apenas 37 responderam ao questionário. Destes, 16 eram homens (43,24%) e 21 mulheres (56,76%). Das dimensões analisadas, a de papel profissional e função física foram as que apresentaram menor média de escore, enquanto que a maior média foi observada no estímulo por parte da equipe de diálise. CONCLUSÃO: A pontuação média encontrada nas diferentes dimensões indicou boa QV nesta população, uma vez quea maioria das dimensões avaliadas apresentaram escores nas 4ª e 5ª faixas. A identificação desses indicadores qualitativos poderá auxiliar na terapêutica, bem como influenciar na perspectiva de vida desses pacientes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a disease which affects a large part of the population, causes serious consequences in the patient's life, inclusively when he/she needs to undergo a treatment that, in turn, also compromises the physical, mental and social dimensions, which can directly influence these patient's quality of life (QOL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluated the quality of life of patients undergo hemodialysis. METHOD: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted with a convenience sample, which used the questionnaire of Kidney Disease and Quality of Life - Short Form (KDQOL SF-36). The volunteers were patients diagnosed with CRF and undergoing a hemodialysis treatment at a clinic for renal replacement therapy in the period from June to July 2006. For data analysis, was applied descriptive statistics. RESULTS: From the 62 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 37 answered the questionaire. From these, 16 men (43.24%) and 21 women (56.76%). Among the analyzed dimensions, those of professional role and physical function were the ones with the lower score average, whereas the highest average was observed in the incentive on the part of the dialysis team. CONCLUSION: The average score found in the different dimensions indicates a good quality of life in this population, since most of the assessed dimensions presented score in the 4th and 5th ranges. The identification of these qualitative indicators may help in the treatment, as well how influencing in life expectancy of these patients.

[Anthropometric evaluation and food intake of preschool children at municipal educational centers, in South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. / Avaliação antropométrica e análise dietética de pré-escolares em centros educacionais municipais no sul de Minas Gerais.

The objective of this article is to evaluate socioeconomic conditions, nutritional status and food intake of preschool children assisted at Municipal Educational Centers (CEMs) of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A transverse study involving 186 children was performed. The socioeconomic profile, weight, height, age, sex and food intake by a direct weighting tool were evaluated. It was observed an income family of one to three minimum wages, incomplete fundamental learning, private house with basic sanitation, four to five inhabitants per house of whom two worked at most. The average age was 49.2 +/- 12.9 months. The stunting rates were more prevalent among the children (20.5%). The whole, 72.6% of children have energy intake below Estimated Energy Intake (EER). However, when stratifying for age group, 78.4% of the children from 1 to 3 years old have high energy intake and 74.1% from 4 to 6 years old have inadequate energy intake. All children presented consumption below the Adequate Intake (AI) of calcium and most of them below to Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of iron. Despite some biosocioeconomic factors be favorable to the nutritional status, malnutrition, and inadequate nutrient intake were present, which demanded the implementation of nutritional programs in CEMs.

Avaliação antropométrica e análise dietética de pré-escolares em centros educacionais municipais no sul de Minas Gerais / Anthropometric evaluation and food intake of preschool children at municipal educational centers, in South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Objetivou-se avaliar as condições socioeconômicas, o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de pré-escolares assistidos pelos Centros Educacionais Municipais (CEM) de Alfenas (MG). Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com 186 crianças. Avaliou-se o perfil socioeconômico, peso, estatura, idade, sexo e o consumo alimentar pelo instrumento de pesagem direta dos alimentos. Observou-se renda familiar de um a três salários mínimos, ensino fundamental incompleto, casa própria com saneamento básico, quatro a cinco habitantes por domicílio, dos quais, na maioria dois trabalhavam. A média de idade foi de 49,2 ± 12,9 meses. A baixa estatura foi o desvio nutricional mais prevalente (20,5 por cento). 72,6 por cento das crianças apresentaram ingestão energética abaixo da necessidade energética estimada (EER). Ao estratificar por faixa etária, de um a três anos, 78,4 por cento das crianças apresentaram ingestão acima da EER e de quatro a seis anos, 74,1 por cento apresentaram ingestão abaixo da EER. Todas as crianças apresentaram baixo consumo de cálcio e a maioria apresentou consumo abaixo da necessidade média estimada (EAR) para ferro. Apesar de alguns fatores biossocioeconômicos serem favoráveis, os desvios nutricionais e a ingestão inadequada de nutrientes estavam presentes, tornando-se necessária implementação de programa de controle nutricional nos CEM.

The objective of this article is to evaluate socioeconomic conditions, nutritional status and food intake of preschool children assisted at Municipal Educational Centers (CEMs) of Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A transverse study involving 186 children was performed. The socioeconomic profile, weight, height, age, sex and food intake by a direct weighting tool were evaluated. It was observed an income family of one to three minimum wages, incomplete fundamental learning, private house with basic sanitation, four to five inhabitants per house of whom two worked at most. The average age was 49.2 ± 12.9 months. The stunting rates were more prevalent among the children (20.5 percent). The whole, 72.6 percent of children have energy intake below Estimated Energy Intake (EER). However, when stratifying for age group, 78.4 percent of the children from 1 to 3 years old have high energy intake and 74.1 percent from 4 to 6 years old have inadequate energy intake. All children presented consumption below the Adequate Intake (AI) of calcium and most of them below to Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of iron. Despite some biosocioeconomic factors be favorable to the nutritional status, malnutrition, and inadequate nutrient intake were present, which demanded the implementation of nutritional programs in CEMs.

Hábito e consumo alimentar de estudantes do sexo feminino dos cursos de nutrição e de enfermagem de uma universidade pública brasileira / Eating habits and intake of female students of nutrition and nursing in a brazilian public university

O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar o perfil do hábito e consumo alimentar de estudantes por meio da aplicação do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar adaptado. O presente estudo foi realizado com 47 estudantes do sexo feminino de 19 a 27 anos, matriculadas no primeiro ano dos cursos de graduação de Nutrição e Enfermagem de uma universidade pública brasileira. A participação das mesmas foi voluntária. O consumo alimentar das universitárias foi analisado por um questionário de frequência alimentar,os cálculos estatísticos foram realizados utilizando-se os softwares Epi Info, versão 3.0 (2002) e SPSS (2003) e foi realizada estatística descritiva com a finalidade de caracterizar as acadêmicas estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que 63,5% das estudantes eram do curso de nutrição e 97,8%residiam em Belo Horizonte; 48,9% seguem ou seguiram algum tipo de dieta, 61,7% alegaram consumir produtos diets, lights e/ou integrais. Foi verificada alta frequüência no consumo de pães, lipídios, açúcares e refrigerante e um baixo consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Finalmente,concluiu-se que é importante a adoção de estratégias educativas,voltadas especialmente a esse grupo, que enfatizem a importância da alimentação saudável para prevenção de agravos à saúde futura.

This study`s objective was to analyze the eating habits andintake of female students from a Brazilian public university,by using an adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire. 47female Nutrition and Nursing freshmen, aged between 19and 27 years old, volunteered for the study. The students?food intake was analyzed by a food frequency questionnaire,the statistics calculations being made with Epi version 3.0(2002) and SPSS (2003) softwares. Descriptive statisticsaimed to characterize the study population`s eating profile.The results showed that 63.5% were students of Nutritionand 97.8% lived in Belo Horizonte; 48.9% were followingor had already followed some type of diet; 61.7% reportedconsuming diet or light products or whole wheat grains.High consumption of bread, fat, sugar and sodas andlow consumption of fruits and vegetables were reported.Finally, it was concluded that the development of targetededucational strategies that emphasize the value of healthynutrition to prevent future health problems in this groupis important.

Validation of a predictive model describing growth of Salmonella in enteral feeds / Validação de um modelo preditivo para descrever o crescimento de Salmonella em dietas enterais

The growth of Salmonella enterica subs. enterica sorovar Typhimurium at 25ºC was monitored in industrialized and hospital formulated enteral feeds and the results were used to validate the mathematical model of Salmonella growth presented by the Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) 7.0 (USDA-USA). The generation time of Salmonella in enteral feeds ranged from 21 to 34.8 min and, the maximum growth rate (µmax) varied from 1.28 to 1.95 h-1, resulting in a population increase from 5 to 6 log10 cycles within 14 to 24 h incubation. Growth was faster in the hospital formulated feed containing vegetables and eggs. The growth kinetic's parameters as lag phase; µmax and maximum population density (MPD) were similar to those predicted by the PMP 7.0, with exception of lag phase in enteral diet at pH 6.3. The results of this study validated the PMP 7.0 model for describe Salmonella growth in enteral feeds and demonstrates the appropriateness of use such model to determine the pathogen behavior in a wide range of storage conditions in this food.

O crescimento de Salmonella enterica subs. enterica sorovar Typhimurium a 25ºC foi determinado em dietas enterais industrializadas e formuladas em hospital e os resultados obtidos foram usados para validar um modelo matemático de crescimento de Salmonella apresentado no Programa de Modelagem de Patógenos (PMP), versão 7,0 (USDA-EUA). O tempo de geração de Salmonella em dietas enterais variou de 21 a 34,8 min e a velocidade específica máxima de crescimento (µmax) foi de 1,28 a 1,95 h-1, resultando em aumento de 5 a 6 ciclos logarítimos em um período de 14 a 24 h de incubação. O crescimento foi mais rápido na dieta formulada em hospital contendo vegetais e ovos. Os parâmetros cinéticos como fase lag, µmax e densidade populacional máxima (MDP) foram similares aqueles previstos no PMP 7.0, com exceção da fase lag em dietas enteral com pH 6,3. Os resultados deste estudo validaram o modelo do PMP 7,0 para descrever o crescimento de Salmonella em dietas enterais e demonstraram a propriedade desse modelo para determinar o comportamento do patógeno em uma variedade de condições nesse tipo de alimento.

Association between nutritional status, environmental and socio-economic factors and Giardia lamblia infections among children aged 6-71 months in Brazil.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomised sample of 405 children aged 6-71 months in Brazil to investigate the association between nutritional status, environmental and socio-economic factors and Giardialamblia infection. Data collection entailed an interview, anthropometric measurements and the collection of faeces and venous blood samples. The analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence rate for G. lamblia was 26.3%. Nutritional status evaluation showed that 7.9% of the children had chronic malnutrition and 11.1% had acute malnutrition. The risk factors associated with infection by G. lamblia were an age of 2 years or older [odds ratio (OR)=2.4], living in a two-bedroom house or smaller (OR=2.3), living among a family of five or more people (OR=2.4) and living in a house without access to a sewerage system (OR=2.1). Non-participation in the social service programme was associated with a lower risk of infection (OR=0.2). The model adjusted for age, including only biochemical and nutritional variables, showed weak associations with G. lamblia infection for two variables: inadequate animal protein intake according to the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation and low haemoglobin concentration. The sociodemographic and environmental risk factors classically described were associated with G. lamblia infection, but nutritional variables were only weakly associated with it.

Validation of a predictive model describing growth of Salmonella in enteral feeds.

The growth of Salmonella enterica subs. enterica sorovar Typhimurium at 25ºC was monitored in industrialized and hospital formulated enteral feeds and the results were used to validate the mathematical model of Salmonella growth presented by the Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) 7.0 (USDA-USA). The generation time of Salmonella in enteral feeds ranged from 21 to 34.8 min and, the maximum growth rate (µmax) varied from 1.28 to 1.95 h(-1), resulting in a population increase from 5 to 6 log10 cycles within 14 to 24 h incubation. Growth was faster in the hospital formulated feed containing vegetables and eggs. The growth kinetic's parameters as lag phase; µmax and maximum population density (MPD) were similar to those predicted by the PMP 7.0, with exception of lag phase in enteral diet at pH 6.3. The results of this study validated the PMP 7.0 model for describe Salmonella growth in enteral feeds and demonstrates the appropriateness of use such model to determine the pathogen behavior in a wide range of storage conditions in this food.

[Nutritional evaluation and prevalence of not transmissible chronic disease in elderly participating in an assistance program]. / Avaliação nutricional e prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos pertencentes a um programa assistencial.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state and the prevalence of not transmissible chronic disease in elderly, who were participating in an assistance program of the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Socio-economical, anthropometric and biochemical variables, as well as systemic blood pressure were collected from 82 individuals between 60 and 87 years of age, 90,2 % of them female. According to the body mass index (BMI) 52,4% of the studied sample were overweight, 28,0% eutrophic and 19,5% underweight; 37,8% presented high body fat percentage (BF%). With regard to the relation BMI/BF%, 63,4% of the elderly with overweight, 12,5% of the eutrophic and 11,8% of the underweight presented high BF%. The waist-to-hip ratio revealed 40,2% at high risk and 12,2% at very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In addition, 22,0% had high blood pressure. The biochemical tests revealed that 39,3%, 39,3% and 3,3% presented higher plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels respectively. There is a need for continuous nutritional education programs and monitoring of the nutritional and health status for improving the quality of life of the studied individuals.

Avaliação nutricional e prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos pertencentes a um programa assistencial / Nutritional evaluation and prevalence of not transmissible chronic disease in elderly participating in an assistance program

Objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional e a prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos que participavam de um programa assistencial da Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brasil. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e pressão arterial sistêmica de 82 indivíduos de 60 a 87 anos, sendo 90,2 por cento do sexo feminino. Encontrou-se 52,4 por cento de sobrepeso, 28,0 por cento de eutrofia e 19,5 por cento de baixo peso pelo IMC e 37,8 por cento apresentaram percentual de gordura corpórea ( por centoGC) elevada. Relacionando-se Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) com por centoGC, 63,4 por cento dos idosos com sobrepeso, 12,5 por cento dos eutróficos e 11,8 por cento dos com baixo peso apresentavam por centoGC elevado. A razão da circunferência da cintura e do quadril (RCQ) revelou 40,2 por cento em risco alto e 12,2 por cento em risco muito alto para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Quanto à pressão arterial, 22,0 por cento eram hipertensos. Em relação aos exames bioquímicos, observou-se que 39,3 por cento, 39,3 por cento e 3,3 por cento dos idosos apresentavam valores plasmáticos elevados de colesterol, triglicerídeos e glicose, respectivamente. Programas de educação nutricional continuada e de monitoramento do estado nutricional e de saúde são necessários para melhoria da qualidade de vida destes indivíduos estudados.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state and the prevalence of not transmissible chronic disease in elderly, who were participating in an assistance program of the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Socio-economical, anthropometric and biochemical variables, as well as systemic blood pressure were collected from 82 individuals between 60 and 87 years of age, 90,2 percent of them female. According to the body mass index (BMI) 52,4 percent of the studied sample were overweight, 28,0 percent eutrophic and 19,5 percent underweight; 37,8 percent presented high body fat percentage (BF percent). With regard to the relation BMI/BF percent, 63,4 percent of the elderly with overweight, 12,5 percent of the eutrophic and 11,8 percent of the underweight presented high BF percent. The waist-to-hip ratio revealed 40,2 percent at high risk and 12,2 percent at very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In addition, 22,0 percent had high blood pressure. The biochemical tests revealed that 39,3 percent, 39,3 percent and 3,3 percent presented higher plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels respectively. There is a need for continuous nutritional education programs and monitoring of the nutritional and health status for improving the quality of life of the studied individuals.

Qualidade microbiológica da merenda escolar servida nas escolas estaduais de Poços de Caldas, MG / Microbiological quality of the school feeding snack served in the state schools of Poços de Caldas, MG

Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de carne “in natura” e pratos prontos à base de carne, servidos na merenda escolar de nove escolas da rede estadual em Poços de Caldas, MG. Foram também realizadas análises microbiológicas de superfícies e mãos de manipuladores da merenda escolar. Entre os microrganismos investigados, foram detectados mesófilos aeróbios, E. coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva em maior quantidade na carne “in natura” do que nos pratos prontos. Os resultados confirmam a importância da cocção em temperatura e tempo adequado como um dos meios para minimizar o problema de contaminação dos alimentos. As mãos de funcionários e as superfícies de manipulação de cinco escolas se mostraram contaminadas por coliformes e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, revelando precariedade na higiene pessoal e de utensílios. Quanto à infraestrutura das cantinas, observou-se também em algumas delas uma adaptação de espaço pré existente, dificultando um fluxo adequado para o processamento. Como contribuição à melhoria da qualidade da merenda nas escolas avaliadas, sugere-se capacitação técnica para os responsáveis, treinamento às merendeiras e melhorias na infraestrutura das cantinas investigadas.