Small mammals from the Caatinga: A dataset for the Brazilian semiarid biome.

The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome, and is the largest and most biodiverse Seasonal Tropical Dry Forest in the world. Despite that, the mammalian fauna, especially small mammals, is the least studied of all Brazilian biomes. In order to fill gaps and provide detailed information on small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) in the Caatinga biome, we compiled reliable records focusing on richness, composition and some biometric data. These records came from mammal collections, papers, theses, books, and unpublished data, prioritizing records with vouchers housed in scientific collections. We compiled a total of 3133 records from 816 locations, resulting in a richness of 47 native species (12 marsupials and 35 rodents, plus three exotic rodents, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus). This dataset includes records of three new species for the biome and its transition zone: the rodents Calomys mattevii, Holochilus oxe, and Nectomys squamipes. Of the total number of records, 1808 (57.71%) are from consulting activities, 95 (3.03%) are from zoonoses studies and 104 (3.32%) are from the National Plague Service (SNP). All nine Brazilian states with territory in the Caatinga have sampling data for small mammals, but the number of records and localities are unevenly distributed, with the state of Rio Grande do Norte having the lowest number of records and locations sampled. Our dataset is the first of its kind for the Caatinga biome and has considerable potential value for studies of habitat use, landscape ecology, macroecology, biogeography, and conservation. There are no copyright restrictions on the data. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

Contribution of ITS towards identifying mites of the family Macrochelidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) collected from cattle manure in São Paulo, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to analyse morphological and molecular (ITS region) characteristics for eight species of mites in the family Macrochelidae that are present in cattle manure in Brazil. Six of these species were already known in Brazil and, for five of these, both tools (morphology and phylogeny) were concordant regarding all the trees used. The species G. saprophila and M. scutatus were reported in the present study for the first time in Brazil. The data obtained in this study suggest that the molecular analysis corroborated the morphological identification in most species of macrochelids. The results also demonstrate the need to correlate identifications through dichotomous keys, by using phylogenetic studies to better distinguish cryptic species.

Brincadeiras e conflitos étnicos no território fronteiriço Brasil-Bolívia / Plays the ethnic conflicts in the Brazil-Bolivia border territory / Juegos y conflictos étnicos en el territorio fronteiriço Brasil-Bolivia

Objetivamos problematizar as relações de conflito e poder durante as situações de brincadeiras com aspectos étnicos na região de fronteira Brasil-Bolívia. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, a entrevista e a observação, utilizadas para coletar dados, foram realizadas com crianças de três escolas brasileiras e a análise pela Sociologia Figuracional das obras O Processo Civilizador e Os Estabelecidos e os Outsiders . Durante as brincadeiras nos intervalos escolares emergem conflitos relacionais de origem étnica (Collas e Cambas), tais características expressam uma relação de poder entre as crianças descendentes de bolivianos que estudam em Corumbá/MS/Brasil e o legado da colonização espanhola ainda não resolvido.

Our objective is to analyze conflict and power relationships during playful situations with ethnic aspects in the border region between Brazil and Bolivia. A qualitative research to collect data was done interviewing and observing children from three Brazilian schools. The analysis used in this process was the Figurational Sociology of the works The Civilizing Process and The Established and the Outsiders. Relational conflicts, ethnic in origin (Collas and Cambas), emerge during play time in recess, such characteristics express a power relation among Bolivian-descent children who study in Corumbá, MS, Brazil, and the Spanish colonization legacy which has not yet been resolved.

El objetivo es problematizar las relaciones de conflicto y poder dadas en ámbitos recreativos, que surgen de aspectos étnicos de la región en la frontera Brasil-Bolivia. La investigación es cualitativa. La entrevista y la observación se utilizaron para recolectar datos, realizadas con niños de tres escuelas brasileñas. El análisis es por la Sociología Figuracional, de las obras El Proceso Civilizador y Los Establecidos y The Outsiders. Durante los juegos en los recreos escolares, surgen conflictos relacionales de origen étnico (Collas y Cambas), de ésto surge una relación de poder entre los niños descendientes de bolivianos que estudian en Corumbá/MS/Brasil y el legado de la colonización española, todavía no resuelto.

Identification of microRNAs with Dysregulated Expression in Status Epilepticus Induced Epileptogenesis.

The involvement of miRNA in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) pathogenesis has increasingly become a focus of epigenetic studies. Despite advances, the number of known miRNAs with a consistent expression response during epileptogenesis is still small. Addressing this situation requires additional miRNA profiling studies coupled to detailed individual expression analyses. Here, we perform a miRNA microarray analysis of the hippocampus of Wistar rats 24 hours after intra-hippocampal pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus (H-PILO SE). We identified 73 miRNAs that undergo significant changes, of which 36 were up-regulated and 37 were down-regulated. To validate, we selected 5 of these (10a-5p, 128a-3p, 196b-5p, 352 and 324-3p) for RT-qPCR analysis. Our results confirmed that miR-352 and 196b-5p levels were significantly higher and miR-128a-3p levels were significantly lower in the hippocampus of H-PILO SE rats. We also evaluated whether the 3 miRNAs show a dysregulated hippocampal expression at three time periods (0h, 24h and chronic phase) after systemic pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (S-PILO SE). We demonstrate that miR-128a-3p transcripts are significantly reduced at all time points compared to the naïve group. Moreover, miR-196b-5p was significantly higher only at 24h post-SE, while miR-352 transcripts were significantly up-regulated after 24h and in chronic phase (epileptic) rats. Finally, when we compared hippocampi of epileptic and non-epileptic humans, we observed that transcript levels of miRNAs show similar trends to the animal models. In summary, we successfully identified two novel dysregulated miRNAs (196b-5p and 352) and confirmed miR-128a-3p downregulation in SE-induced epileptogenesis. Further functional assays are required to understand the role of these miRNAs in MTLE pathogenesis.

Tratamiento no quirúrgico en cáncer epidermoide de orofaringe avanzado: análisis de resultados oncológicos en función del subsitio tumoral y fraccionamiento de radioterapia / Nonsurgical treatment in advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer

Objetivo: Reportar resultados de nuestro protocolo de radioquimioterapia concomitante exclusiva en el cáncer de orofaringe avanzado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 87 pacientes. Se realizó radioterapia concomitante con cisplatino semanal. Se aceptó la realización de fraccionamiento convencional (FC), hiperfraccionamiento (Hfx) o fraccionamiento acelerado tipo boost concomitante (FABC). Se revisó la sobrevida global (SG), sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SLE), sobrevida libre de recidiva local (SLRL) y regional (SLRR) según subsitio y fraccionamiento. Resultados: Ingresaron 87 pacientes. Mediana de seguimiento: 120 meses. El 53, 30 y 17% recibieron FC, FABC y Hfx respectivamente. La SG a 2, 5 y 10 años fue de un 73, 61 y 43% respectivamente. La SG a 5 años según subsitio anatómico fue: amígdala 74%, paladar blando 33%, base de lengua 33%, y pared faríngea posterior 33%. Al comparar la SG de amígdala versus otros subsitios se alcanza una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). La mediana de SG para amígdala no fue alcanzada, mientras que en otros subsitios fue de 22 meses. La SLE fue diferente en los distintos subsitios, superior en amígdala y diferente entre los distintos fraccionamientos, a favor de Hfx, alcanzando diferencias significativas. Las mismas tendencias se demostraron en SLRL y SLRR. Observamos un 23% de segundos primarios, siendo el pulmón el sitio más frecuente. Conclusión: La radioterapia concomitante con cisplatino semanal es un tratamiento adecuado para el cáncer de orofaringe. Ofrece excelentes resultados en cáncer de amígdala, especialmente con fraccionamiento modificado. Para los otros subsitios nos parece recomendable explorar nuevas estrategias de tratamiento.

Objective: To report results of our concomitant radiochemotherapy protocol for advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Materials and methods: Retrospective study. Concomitant radiochemotherapy was performed with weekly cisplatin. Conventional fractionation (CF), hyperfractionation (Hfx) or accelerated fractionation with concomitant boost (FABC) were accepted. Overall survival (OS), Disease-free survival (RFS), Local relapse-free survival (LRFS) and Regional relapse-free survival (RRFS) were calculated, according subsite and radiotherapy fractionation. Results: We found 87 patients. Median follow-up: 120 months. 53%, 30% and 17% received FC, FABC, Hfx respectively. OS at 2, 5 and 10 years was 73%, 61% and 43% respectively. The 5-year OS was, by anatomic subsite: Tonsillar 74%, 33% soft palate, base of tongue 33%, and 33% for posterior pharyngeal wall. By comparing the OS in tonsil versus other subsites we found statistically significant difference in favor of tonsillar cancer (P < .001). Median OS for tonsillar cancer was not achieved, while in other subsites was 22 months. DFS was different in different subsites, better for amygdala and different among different fractionations, better for Hfx, reaching significant differences. The same trends were demonstrated in LRFS and RRFS. We observed a 23% of second cancers, being lung the most common site. Conclusion: Concomitant radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin is an appropriate treatment for oropharyngeal cancer. It provides excellent outcomes in tonsillar cancer, especially with modified fractionation and Hfx type. For other subsites it seems advisable to explore a new treatment approach.

The current situation for gastric cancer in Chile.

Gastric cancer is a neoplasm with a high incidence and mortality rate in Chile where more than 3000 people die every year from this type of cancer. This study shows the clinical and epidemiological considerations of this disease, information about translational research on this pathology in Chile, the contribution of Chilean doctors to the development of gastric cancer management awareness and the general situation of gastric cancer in Chile.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in identical twins in Chile: case report.

Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type of primary malignant liver tumour, with a typically poor prognosis, growing incidence and a well-documented relationship with chronic inflammation factors of the liver tissue. Despite the fact that family medical history has been identified as a risk factor for the development of HCC, its significance in terms of etiopathogenesis and prognosis is not well documented. With a view to contributing to this discussion, we will report the clinical case of two identical twins with HCC, both diagnosed within a short period of time, by providing relevant clinical data, and relating this to other medical literature reports that could contribute to a deeper understanding of this illness.

Correlation of six-minute walking performance with quality of life is domain- and gender-specific in healthy older adults.

We analyzed the relationship between performance on the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older subjects. Our secondary aim was to determine the distance to be completed on the 6MWT for the subject to achieve a score of 50 on the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36). Associations were tested using linear correlation and multivariate linear regression. Participants were 130 healthy older individuals. The predictive performance of the 6MWT based on an SF-36 score of 50 was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve and its area under curve (AUC). Associations were observed between physical functioning, role-emotional, social functioning, vitality, general health score, and 6MWT performance in women, after adjusting for confounding variables (coefficients: 0.57, 0.38, 0.40, and 0.46, respectively; p < 0.05). No association was found for men. The distance for the 6MWT to predict an SF-36 score of 50 was 481 m for men in the physical functioning (AUC: 0.79) and role-physical (AUC: 0.84) domains, and 420 m for women in role-emotional (AUC: 0.75), role-physical (AUC: 0.80), and general health (AUC: 0.80) domains. Our results indicate that superior 6MWT performance may be associated with better HRQoL in several domains in only healthy older women. No association between 6MWT performance and role-emotional, mental health, or vitality domains was found. We suggest that a score of 50 is represented by a 6MWT distance of 481 m for men and 420 m for women, at least in the role-physical domain.

Escala de Atitudes Religiosas, versão expandida (EAR-20): evidências de validade / Escala de Actitudes Religiosas, Versión Expandida (EAR-20): Evidencias de Validez / Religious Attitudes Scale, Expanded Version (EAR-20): Evidence of Validity

Este estudo teve como objetivo reunir evidências de validade de construto (fatorial, convergente e discriminante) e fidedignidade da Escala de Atitudes Religiosas, considerando sua versão expandida (EAR-20). Participaram 190 pessoas com idade média de 32,2 anos, amaioria do sexo feminino, católica ou evangélica. Elas responderam a EAR-20, a Escala de Crenças Religiosas e perguntas demográficas. Por meio de análises fatoriais confirmatórias, compararam-se os modelos com um, dois e quatro fatores, tendo este último apresentado os melhores indicadores de ajuste. Os quatro fatores (comportamento, conhecimento, sentimento e corporeidade) apresentaram indicadores aceitáveis de precisão (homogeneidade, consistência interna e confiabilidade composta), além de evidências de validades convergente e discriminante. Concluiu-se que a EAR-20 pode ser adequadamente empregada para conhecer os correlatos de atitudes religiosas, principalmente em matrizes religiosas católica, evangélica e espírita.

This study aimed to guarantee evidences of construct validity (factorial, convergent and discriminant) and reliability of the Religious Attitudes Scale, considering its expanded version (RAS-20). Participants were 190 people with a mean age of 32.2 years, mostly females, Catholic or Protestant. They answered the RAS-20, the Religious Belief Scale and demographic questions. Models with one, twoand four factors were compared by confirmatory factor analyses, this latter presenting the best fit indices. The four factors solution (behavior, knowledge, feeling, and embodiment) showed acceptable reliability (homogeneity, internal consistency, and compositereliability), and evidences of convergent and discriminant validities. In conclusion, the RAS-20 can be appropriately used to know the correlates of religious attitudes, especially in the religious arrays Catholic, Protestant and Spiritist.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reunir evidencias de validez de constructo (factorial, convergente y discriminante) y fiabilidad de la Escala de Actitudes Religiosas, considerando su versión expandida (EAR-20). Participaron 190 personas con edad media de 32,2 años,cuya mayoría era del sexo femenino, católica o evangélica. Ellas respondieron a la EAR-20, la Escala de Creencias Religiosas y preguntas demográficas. Por medio de análisis factoriales confirmatorios, se compararon los modelos con uno, dos y cuatro factores, teniendo este último los mejores indicadores de ajuste. Los cuatro factores (comportamiento, conocimiento, sentimiento y corporeidad) presentaron indicadores aceptables de precisión (homogeneidad, consistencia interna y confiabilidad compuesta), además de evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante. Se concluyó que la EAR-20 puede ser adecuadamente empleada para conocer los correlatos de actitudes religiosas, principalmente en matrices religiosas católica, evangélica y espírita.

Ectoparasites (Insecta and Acari) associated with bats in southeastern Brazil.

The result of a survey of ectoparasites infesting bats in southeastern Brazil is presented. Of 181 bats belonging to 16 species, 10 (34.1%) were infested by streblid flies (Streblidae), nine (33.5%) by spinturnicid mites (Spinturnicidae), and five (8.3%) by macronyssid mites (Macronyssidae). One species of the families Trombiculidae and Myobiidae was found. A total of 195 streblids, 178 spinturnicids, and 76 macronyssids was collected. Paratrichobius longicrus was the most abundant bat fly species (50 specimens). The spinturnicid mite Periglischrus iheringi was the most abundant ectoparasite species (159 specimens) and was recorded on three different bat species; Radfordiella desmodi was the most numerous macronyssid (69 specimens).

Análise do avanço das equipes de saúde bucal inseridas na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, região Nordeste, Brasil, 2002 a 2005 / Analysis of the progress of the oral health teams inserted in the Family Health Strategy in Pernambuco, Northeast Region, Brazil, 2002 until 2005

Aborda-se neste estudo a evolução da saúde bucal, de dezembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005, na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, Brasil. Observaram-se os aspectos quanto à expansão das equipes, ao percentual de cobertura e à elevação no quantitativo dos procedimentos odontológicos. Foi um estudo descritivo, exploratório e de abordagem quantitativa. O universo se constituiu dos 185 municípios do estado e a amostra comportou todos os municípios inseridos na Saúde da Família contemplados com saúde bucal. Os resultados mostraram que a evolução das equipes de saúde bucal foi de 204,22 por cento, enquanto o percentual de evolução de procedimentos odontológicos foi de 19,19 por cento. Observou-se que a expansão da modalidade tipo I (327,14 por cento) se deu mais intensamente que a tipo II (125,92 por cento). A estimativa da cobertura ficou em 29,56 por cento para 3.450 habitantes (Portaria nº 673/03). Quanto ao financiamento das equipes, a evolução do incentivo repassado à saúde bucal foi de 389,50 por cento. Por fim, verificou-se que, na prática, os serviços existentes de assistência odontológica para atenção básica foram transformados em equipes de saúde bucal.

The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of oral health care in the Family Health Strategy in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, 2002 until 2005. It was observed aspects regarding the expansion of the teams, the percentage of population covered and the rise in the quantitative of oral primary procedures. It was a descriptive and quantitative study, focusing on the 185 cities included in the Family Health Strategy and all cities that included an oral health care in the program. The results showed that the evaluation of the oral health teams was 204.22 percent, while the percentage of the evolution of oral health care procedures 19.19 percent. It was observed that the expansion of the type I (327,14 percent) was higher than type II (125,92 percent). The estimation of the population covered by oral health team was about 29.56 percent to 3.450 inhabitants (Decree n. 673/03). The financing of oral health care primary had an increase in the same period of 389.50 percent. At last, it was verified, in practice, the oral care existent service to oral primary care procedures were changed in oral health teams.

[Analysis of the progress of the oral health teams inserted in the Family Health Strategy in Pernambuco, Northeast Region, Brazil, 2002 until 2005]. / Análise do avanço das equipes de saúde bucal inseridas na Estratégia Saúde da Família em Pernambuco, região Nordeste, Brasil, 2002 a 2005.

The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of oral health care in the Family Health Strategy in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, 2002 until 2005. It was observed aspects regarding the expansion of the teams, the percentage of population covered and the rise in the quantitative of oral primary procedures. It was a descriptive and quantitative study, focusing on the 185 cities included in the Family Health Strategy and all cities that included an oral health care in the program. The results showed that the evaluation of the oral health teams was 204.22%, while the percentage of the evolution of oral health care procedures 19.19%. It was observed that the expansion of the type I (327,14%) was higher than type II (125,92%). The estimation of the population covered by oral health team was about 29.56% to 3.450 inhabitants (Decree n. 673/03). The financing of oral health care primary had an increase in the same period of 389.50%. At last, it was verified, in practice, the oral care existent service to oral primary care procedures were changed in oral health teams.

[Surgeon dentist's profile inserted in the Strategy of Family Health in cities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil]. / Perfil do cirurgião-dentista inserido na Estratégia de Saúde da Família em municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.

This article intends to approach the incorporation of the oral health to the Family Health Strategy which included the odontology professionals into the primary health care. As the odontology has the work based in a practice of healing with emphasis in restoring activities, the implantation from this new model of attention to the health is questioned in relation to the responsible for the execution of that politics - the human resources. The objective of this article is to characterize the profile of surgeons dentists inserted in the Family Health Strategy in the cities of Pernambuco state connecting it with the specificities of the program. It was used a database of the research Model of Attention in Oral Health and Education of the Surgeon DentisI inserted in the Family Health Strategy in the State of Pernambuco. The results showed that 70.4% of the surgeons dentists are female, with predominance of the age group from 31 to 49 years old, and 65.2% of those were admitted under the contract form. Concerning education, 67.8% have specialization in the Strategy of Family Health, in which 92.3% considered it pertinent, in addition 89.6% of the dentists told to accomplish educational activities.

Perfil do cirurgião-dentista inserido na Estratégia de Saúde da Família em municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Surgeon dentist's profile inserted in the Strategy of Family Health in cities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Este artigo aborda a incorporação da saúde bucal à Estratégia de Saúde da Família, o que propiciou a inclusão de novos atores no âmbito da atenção básica: os profissionais de odontologia. Tendo em vista que a odontologia vem norteando o seu trabalho numa prática historicamente curativa com ênfase em atividades restauradoras, questiona-se a implantação desse novo modelo de atenção à saúde em relação aos responsáveis pela execução dessa política - os recursos humanos. O objetivo deste artigo consiste, pois, em caracterizar o perfil dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) inseridos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família em municípios do estado de Pernambuco, relacionando-os com as especificidades do programa. Para tal, foi utilizado o banco de dados da pesquisa Modelo de Atenção em Saúde Bucal e Formação do Cirurgião-Dentista Inserido na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados mostraram que 70,4 por cento dos CD são do sexo feminino, com predominância da faixa etária de 31 a 49 anos de idade, sendo que 65,2 por cento desses são admitidos sob a forma de contrato. Em relação à formação, 67,8 por cento possuem formação com foco na Estratégia de Saúde da Família; 92,3 por cento destes a consideraram pertinente; e 89,6 por cento dos CD relataram realizar atividades educativas.

This article intends to approach the incorporation of the oral health to the Family Health Strategy which included the odontology professionals into the primary health care. As the odontology has the work based in a practice of healing with emphasis in restoring activities, the implantation from this new model of attention to the health is questioned in relation to the responsible for the execution of that politics - the human resources. The objective of this article is to characterize the profile of surgeons dentists inserted in the Family Health Strategy in the cities of Pernambuco state connecting it with the specificities of the program. It was used a database of the research Model of Attention in Oral Health and Education of the Surgeon DentisI inserted in the Family Health Strategy in the State of Pernambuco. The results showed that 70.4 percent of the surgeons dentists are female, with predominance of the age group from 31 to 49 years old, and 65.2 percent of those were admitted under the contract form. Concerning education, 67.8 percent have specialization in the Strategy of Family Health, in which 92.3 percent considered it pertinent, in addition 89.6 percent of the dentists told to accomplish educational activities.

Análise do modelo de atenção à saúde bucal em municípios do estado de Pernambuco / Analysis of the oral health care model in cities of the state of Pernambuco

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o modelo de atenção à saúde bucal em nove municípios do estado de Pernambuco, a partir do relato dos seus coordenadores de saúde bucal. Realizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada com cada um dos coordenadores sobre o modelo de saúde bucal adotado pelo município, suas atividades como coordenador, formação e práticas desenvolvidas pelo cirurgião-dentista inserido na Equipe de Saúde da Família, procedimentos de atenção básica e rede de referência e contra-referência. O estudo utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa para avaliar os dados obtidos nas entrevistas e foi criada uma matriz de qualificação dos municípios, em que os mesmos foram classificados, de acordo com o perfil dos profissionais e das ações e serviços oferecidos pelo município. Os resultados mostraram que dos municípios analisados, três enquadram-se na categoria "estruturado", cinco na categoria "semi-estruturado" e apenas um como "não-estruturado", demonstrando que a maioria dos municípios apresenta dificuldades na estruturação da saúde bucal, principalmente nas questões relacionadas à incorporação de novas práticas assistenciais e à qualificação profissional dos cirurgiões-dentistas e dos coordenadores de saúde bucal.

The objective of this study was to analyze the oral health care model in nine cities of the state of Pernambuco on the basis of statements of the Oral Health Primary Care Coordinators. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordinators for collecting data about the oral health care model adopted by the local authorities, about their activities as coordinators, their qualification, the practices developed by the dental surgeon making part of the Family Health Team, and about basic care procedures and reference and counter-reference networks. The data collected in the interviews were evaluated using a qualitative methodology and a matrix was created for classifying the cities according to the profile of their professionals and the actions and services offered. The results showed that among the analyzed cities three fitted into the category "structured", five into the category "semi-structured" and only one was considered "not-structured". This indicates that the greater of the cities is facing difficulties in structuring oral health care, mainly as refers to incorporation of new care practices and to the professional qualification of dental surgeons and oral health coordinators.

[Analysis of the oral health care model in cities of the state of Pernambuco]. / Análise do modelo de atenção à saúde bucal em municípios do estado de Pernambuco.

The objective of this study was to analyze the oral health care model in nine cities of the state of Pernambuco on the basis of statements of the Oral Health Primary Care Coordinators. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordinators for collecting data about the oral health care model adopted by the local authorities, about their activities as coordinators, their qualification, the practices developed by the dental surgeon making part of the Family Health Team, and about basic care procedures and reference and counter-reference networks. The data collected in the interviews were evaluated using a qualitative methodology and a matrix was created for classifying the cities according to the profile of their professionals and the actions and services offered. The results showed that among the analyzed cities three fitted into the category "structured", five into the category "semi-structured" and only one was considered "not-structured". This indicates that the greater of the cities is facing difficulties in structuring oral health care, mainly as refers to incorporation of new care practices and to the professional qualification of dental surgeons and oral health coordinators.

Prevalência e fatores de risco de anemia em mães e filhos no Estado de Pernambuco / Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among women and their children in the State of Pernambuco

OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência e fatores de risco de anemia em mães e filhos menores de 5 anos, no Estado de Pernambuco, em três espaços geográficos: Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR); Interior Urbano (IU) e Interior Rural (IR). MÉTODO: Estudo seccional, em amostra representativa de 807 mulheres adultas e 827 crianças menores de 5 anos, sorteadas em 3 estágios (municípios, setores censitários e famílias), possibilitando 523 pareamentos mães x filhos biológicos. A hemoglobina foi determinada em aparelho portátil (HemoCue). Fez-se avaliação de fatores de risco (biológicos, socioeconômicos, ambientais e acesso a serviços de saúde). RESULTADOS: No conjunto dos resultados, 21,8 por cento das mulheres e 46,9 por cento das crianças tinham anemia, prevalências semelhantes no pareamento mães/filhos biológicos. As prevalências mais baixas de anemia foram encontradas no IU, enquanto as mais elevadas ocorreram no IR. Ocorreu associação entre a situação das mães e dos filhos, com um RP = 1,45, IC (95): 1,21-1,74. Quatro fatores de risco foram comuns às mães e filhos: tipo de ocupação das moradias, coleta de lixo, assistência pré-natal e distância do serviço de saúde. As crianças incorporam mais sete fatores: idade da mãe, idade da criança, espaço geográfico, baixa escolaridade das mães, baixa renda familiar, tamanho da família e falta de esgotos sanitários. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de anemia se diferencia por espaços geográficos, idade das crianças e condição de exposição de mães e filhos a fatores biológicos, sócio-econômicos e ambientais.

Susceptibility of Anthonomus grandis (cotton boll weevil) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) to a cry1ia-type toxin from a Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strain.

Different isolates of the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce multiple crystal (Cry) proteins toxic to a variety of insects, nematodes and protozoans. These insecticidal Cry toxins are known to be active against specific insect orders, being harmless to mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Due to these characteristics, genes encoding several Cry toxins have been engineered in order to be expressed by a variety of crop plants to control insectpests. The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, are the major economically devastating pests of cotton crop in Brazil, causing severe losses, mainly due to their endophytic habit, which results in damages to the cotton boll and floral bud structures. A cry1Ia-type gene, designated cry1Ia12, was isolated and cloned from the Bt S811 strain. Nucleotide sequencing of the cry1Ia12 gene revealed an open reading frame of 2160 bp, encoding a protein of 719 amino acid residues in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 81 kDa. The amino acid sequence of Cry1Ia12 is 99% identical to the known Cry1Ia proteins and differs from them only in one or two amino acid residues positioned along the three domains involved in the insecticidal activity of the toxin. The recombinant Cry1Ia12 protein, corresponding to the cry1Ia12 gene expressed in Escherichia coli cells, showed moderate toxicity towards first instar larvae of both cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm. The highest concentration of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 tested to achieve the maximum toxicities against cotton boll weevil larvae and fall armyworm larvae were 230 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL, respectively. The herein demonstrated insecticidal activity of the recombinant Cry1Ia12 toxin against cotton boll weevil and fall armyworm larvae opens promising perspectives for the genetic engineering of cotton crop resistant to both these devastating pests in Brazil.

Risco cardiovascular em uma populaçäo de obesos / Cardiovascular risk in a obese population

Os riscos cardiovasculares associados à obesidade crescem com o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Este estudo teve por objetivos verificar a correlação entre IMC e a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em uma população de obesos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HC-FMUSP), e verificar a agregação de fatores de risco em quartis de acordo com o IMC. Foram estudados 474 indivíduos obesos (86,9 por cento do sexo feminino e 13,1por cento do sexo masculino). Dividimos esta população em quartis de acordo com o IMC e avaliamos a presença de hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e dislipidemia em cada quartil. Estratificamos os pacientes de cada quartil em alto, moderado e baixo risco cardiovascular pelos critérios do National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Fizeram parte do primeiro quartil aqueles com IMC de 30 a 33,99kg/m 2 , e do segundo, terceiro e último quartil, respectivamente aqueles com IMC igual a 34 a 37,19kg/m 2 , 37,2 a 41,77kg/m 2 e 41,78 a 79,8kg/m 2 . Houve nítido aumento de hipertensão, diabetes e hipertrigliceridemia com o aumento do IMC, o que não foi observado com os níveis de colesterol. A proporção de indivíduos com risco moderado e alto cresceu com o aumento do IMC. Em nossa população de obesos observou-se aumento do risco cardiovascular com o aumento do IMC.

O programa de saúde bucal para crianças pré-escolares em Araraquara-SP: o desempenho em 1988 / Dental health program to pre-school children in Araraquara-SP: the performance in 1988

Descreve-se a transformaçäo da composiçäo do índice ceo, resultante do programa de saúde bucal implementado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Araraquara-SP, para a populaçäo de pré-escolares de 3 a 6 anos de idade, matriculada em Centros de Educaçäo e Recreaçäo, em 1988. Observa-se haver maior contribuiçäo do componente "o" para o índice ceo, ao final do ano letivo