Physiological and Perceptual Responses of a Guard Passing Test and a Simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Combat: A Pilot Study.

ABSTRACT: Rufino, HVdO, Franchini, E, Forte, LDM, da Silva, TBO, Meireles, CLS, and Soares, YM. Physiological and perceptual responses of a guard passing test and a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu combat: a pilot study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a grappling combat sport characterized by high-intensity efforts during the scoring actions interspersed by low-intensity actions or pause during the referee stoppage. Therefore, understanding of the physiological response to a BJJ match and BJJ-specific test can contribute to both athletes testing and training prescription. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the physiological and perceptual responses to a guard passing test (GPT) and to a simulated BJJ combat (simulated combat [SC]). For that, 7 male BJJ athletes performed a BJJ SC and the GPT at different days at random order. GPT was composed by 6 sets of all-out guard passing movements. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured immediately after SC and after each set of GPT. RPE increased after sets 4, 5, and 6 compared with set 1, with no differences to SC (p < 0.001). In additionally, no differences were observed between [La] or heart rate after SC to GPT. Results suggests that GPT is an efficient training protocol that elicits similar physiological and perceptual responses to BJJ combat. Future studies should investigate GPT reliability and validity for performance assessment.

[The benefits of corporal mediation in the psychic care of adolescents]. / Bienfaits des médiations corporelles dans le soin psychique chez les adolescents.

The actuation of the body and the bodily experience of each experience induce a continuous reshaping of the cerebral configuration of the human being, from birth to death. This ontogenetic dynamic is particularly important during adolescence. The young person's personality, still under construction, can be thrown off balance by traumatic experiences or repeated neglect. Adapted physical activity and psychomotricity, which focus on movement and the body, can help restore balance.

Extreme Domain Wall Speeds under Ultrafast Optical Excitation.

Time-resolved ultrafast EUV magnetic scattering was used to test a recent prediction of >10 km/s domain wall speeds by optically exciting a magnetic sample with a nanoscale labyrinthine domain pattern. Ultrafast distortion of the diffraction pattern was observed at markedly different timescales compared to the magnetization quenching. The diffraction pattern distortion shows a threshold dependence with laser fluence, not seen for magnetization quenching, consistent with a picture of domain wall motion with pinning sites. Supported by simulations, we show that a speed of ≈66 km/s for highly curved domain walls can explain the experimental data. While our data agree with the prediction of extreme, nonequilibrium wall speeds locally, it differs from the details of the theory, suggesting that additional mechanisms are required to fully understand these effects.

Omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - a review of clinical trials and cohort.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity. The possible benefits of omega-3 supplementation in this syndrome have been discussed much. This study is aimed to verify, based on the scientific data published, if there are any benefits in the omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of PCOS and to indicate its possible dosages for the treatment of polycystic ovary. The work consists of a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort of the MEDLINE/PubMed database from 2009 to October 2019. All studies that analyzed the omega-3 supplementation in women with PCOS were included. Cross-sectional studies, review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, duplicates, studies in animals or cell culture, studies with omega-3 supplementation via food or associated with other supplementations were not included, except those involving vitamin E. In total, 21 articles were selected. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies selected, indirect benefits were observed mainly regarding the glycemic profile, such as insulin resistance reduction, lipid profile modulation (i.e. decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and elevation of high-density lipoprotein), and the regulation of the androgenic profile. As for the anthropometric profile, the studies were scarce and most of them had no significant meaning. Regarding the antioxidant profile and inflammatory biomarkers, the findings differ among studies, but promising results were observed with different doses over 12 weeks of use, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction. Thus, omega-3 fatty acids promote indirect benefits in the treating of women with PCOS. However, to reveal well-defined standards for dosage and supplementation time, further studies are needed.

Desvelando a cultura, o estigma e a droga enquanto estilo de vida na vivência de pessoas em situação de rua / Understanding culture, stigma and drug as a lifestyle in the life of people living in the streets

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como as pessoas em situação de rua vivenciam o uso de drogas e seus entrelaçamentos com suas culturas e estilos de vida. Realizou-se um estudo etnográfico, que identificou as estruturas macrossociais através do acompanhamento do Movimento Nacional da População de rua, e as microssociais, por meio das trajetórias individuais dos interlocutores. Os dados foram coletados mediante observação participante, registrada em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise foi realizada pela síntese da geração dos dados durante todo o processo de trabalho. Os resultados apontam uma cultura da rua, em que a droga surge como um estilo de vida coletivo, construindo relações e identidades de resistência aos estigmas. As histórias de vida revelaram o sofrimento social, a exclusão e a não adaptação ao sistema convencional e formal. Assim, as pessoas em situação de rua possuem uma organização social que ajuda a suportar as dificuldades de aceitação da sociedade e a inadequação dos serviços que as atendem. A droga faz parte dessa cultura, enquanto mais um modo de vida, que precisa ser compreendido e trabalhado de forma aberta e consciente pelos profissionais de saúde.

Abstract This research aimed to analyse how homeless people experience drug use and the intertwining between it and their cultural environment and life style. An etnographic study has been conducted which identified the macrosocial structures through the National Movement of the Homeless (Movimento Nacional da População de Rua) monitoring and the microsocial ones by means of its interlocutors' individual trajectories. Data were collected upon participant observation, registered in a research field journal and in semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out by data generation synthesis over the whole working process. Results reveal a street culture in which drug builds a collective life style that sets relationships and identities which withstand stigmas. Life stories unveil social suffering and exclusion besides non-adaptation to society conventional and formal aspects. Therefore, homeless people have their own social organisation that helps them to endure the difficulties in being accepted by society as well as the inadequacy of the social services that should assist them. Drug is part of this culture as a way of living and it needs to be understood and worked with by health professionals through a conscious and open approach.

Understanding culture, stigma and drug as a lifestyle in the life of people living in the streets. / Desvelando a cultura, o estigma e a droga enquanto estilo de vida na vivência de pessoas em situação de rua.

This research aimed to analyse how homeless people experience drug use and the intertwining between it and their cultural environment and life style. An etnographic study has been conducted which identified the macrosocial structures through the National Movement of the Homeless (Movimento Nacional da População de Rua) monitoring and the microsocial ones by means of its interlocutors' individual trajectories. Data were collected upon participant observation, registered in a research field journal and in semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out by data generation synthesis over the whole working process. Results reveal a street culture in which drug builds a collective life style that sets relationships and identities which withstand stigmas. Life stories unveil social suffering and exclusion besides non-adaptation to society conventional and formal aspects. Therefore, homeless people have their own social organisation that helps them to endure the difficulties in being accepted by society as well as the inadequacy of the social services that should assist them. Drug is part of this culture as a way of living and it needs to be understood and worked with by health professionals through a conscious and open approach.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como as pessoas em situação de rua vivenciam o uso de drogas e seus entrelaçamentos com suas culturas e estilos de vida. Realizou-se um estudo etnográfico, que identificou as estruturas macrossociais através do acompanhamento do Movimento Nacional da População de rua, e as microssociais, por meio das trajetórias individuais dos interlocutores. Os dados foram coletados mediante observação participante, registrada em diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise foi realizada pela síntese da geração dos dados durante todo o processo de trabalho. Os resultados apontam uma cultura da rua, em que a droga surge como um estilo de vida coletivo, construindo relações e identidades de resistência aos estigmas. As histórias de vida revelaram o sofrimento social, a exclusão e a não adaptação ao sistema convencional e formal. Assim, as pessoas em situação de rua possuem uma organização social que ajuda a suportar as dificuldades de aceitação da sociedade e a inadequação dos serviços que as atendem. A droga faz parte dessa cultura, enquanto mais um modo de vida, que precisa ser compreendido e trabalhado de forma aberta e consciente pelos profissionais de saúde.

Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Annual preventive health visits provide an opportunity to screen youths for unhealthy substance use and intervene before serious harm results. Objectives: To assess the feasibility and acceptability and estimate the efficacy of a primary care computer-facilitated screening and practitioner-delivered brief intervention (CSBI) system compared with usual care (UC) for youth substance use and associated risk of riding with an impaired driver. Design, Setting, and Participants: An intent-to-treat pilot randomized clinical trial compared CSBI with UC among 965 youths aged 12 to 18 years at 5 pediatric primary care offices and 54 practitioners. Patients were randomized to CSBI (n = 628) or usual care (n = 243) groups within practitioner with 12 months of follow-up. Data were collected from February 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Data analysis was performed January 1, 2018, to March 30, 2019. Interventions: Patients self-administered a computer-facilitated substance use screening questionnaire before their annual preventive health visits. Immediately after completing the screening, they received their score and level of risk and viewed 10 pages of scientific information and true-life vignettes illustrating health risks associated with substance use. Trained practitioners received the screening results, patients' risk levels, talking points designed to prompt brief counseling, and recommended follow-up plans. Main Outcomes and Measures: Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using adolescents' postvisit ratings. Days of alcohol use, cannabis use, and heavy episodic drinking were assessed at baseline and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups using Timeline Followback, and riding in the past 3 months with a driver who was impaired by use of alcohol or other drugs was assessed using 2 self-report items. The primary outcome was the intervention effect among at-risk youths who reported using alcohol or other drugs in the past 12 months or riding with an impaired driver in the past 3 months at baseline. The secondary outcome was the prevention effect among those with no prior use or risk. Results: Among 871 youths screened, 869 completed the baseline assessment; 211 of the 869 reported alcohol or cannabis use in the past 12 months at baseline (mean [SD] age, 16.4 [1.3] years; 114 [54.1%] female; 105 [49.8%] non-Hispanic white). Of the 211 youths, 148 (70.1%) were assigned to the CSBI group and 63 (29.9%) were assigned to the UC group. Among youths in the CSBI group, 105 (70.9%) reported receiving counseling about alcohol, 122 (82.4%) reported receiving counseling about cannabis, and 129 (87.2%) reported receiving counseling about not riding with an impaired driver. Adjusted hazard ratios for time to first postvisit use of alcohol or other drugs for CSBI vs UC were as follows: alcohol use, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.47-1.02); heavy episodic drinking, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.40-1.10); and cannabis use, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.41-0.94). At 12-month follow-ups among 99 youths who reported having ridden in the past 3 months at baseline with an impaired driver (64 in the CSBI group; 35 in the UC group), adjusted relative risk ratio of riding in the past 3 months with an impaired driver for CSBI vs UC groups was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37-0.91). No intervention effect was observed among youths who reported no prior use of alcohol or other drugs (n = 658) or not having ridden with an impaired driver (n = 769) at baseline. Conclusions and Relevance: The CSBI system is a feasible and acceptable option for screening youths in primary care practice for use of alcohol and other drugs and for risk of riding with an impaired driver, and the estimated efficacy in this sample warrants further testing in larger samples. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00227877.

As territorialidades de cuidado: reflexões interdisciplinares acerca do uso de drogas e o cuidado sociocultural / The territorialities of care: interdisciplinary reflections on the use of drugs and sociocultural care / Las territorialidades del cuidado: reflexiones interdisciplinarias sobre el uso de drogas y el cuidado sociocultural

O objetivo deste artigo é debater o uso de drogas como um fenômeno sociocultural e, a partir desse enfoque, a constituição de uma perspectiva de territorialidades de cuidados, visando ampliar olhares para um modelo sociocultural de atenção aos usuários de drogas. Trata-se de estudo de reflexão de natureza teórica, que problematiza a importância de se pensar a relação do indivíduo com o uso de drogas em diferentes aspectos socioculturais, incluindo espaços econômicos e sociais, os significados, a cultura, a formação de redes e estilos de vida. Nesse sentido, introduzimos a ideia de territorialidades de cuidado baseada em um modelo sociocultural, em que se reconhece a importância de uma dinâmica/ dialógica estabelecida entre profissionais e usuários no espaço vivo do cuidado.(AU)

The objective of this article is to discuss the use of drugs as a sociocultural phenomenon and, from this approach, work on the constitution of a territoriality perspective of care, aiming to widen the perspective to a sociocultural model of care to drug users. It is a study of theoretical reflection, which problematizes the importance of thinking about the relationship of the individual with the use of drugs in different sociocultural aspects, including economic and social spaces, meanings, culture, the creation of networks and lifestyles. In this sense, we introduce the idea of care territorialities based on a sociocultural model, in which the importance of a dynamic/dialogic established between professionals and users in the living space of care is recognized.

Headache and analgesic in postoperative craniotomy

Objective: To identify the most prevalent type of pain in postoperative craniotomy patients and evaluate the use of analgesic in this group of patients. Method: The case studies consisted of 55 patients undergoing craniotomy. Patients were evaluated from the first to the seventh postoperative day. Data were stored and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The variables analyzed were gender, demographic data, assessing the presence of pain, location of pain, severity of pain, use of analgesic, professionals who recorded the pain on the patients’ charts, and presence of insomnia. Results: The results show that headache, the main pain reported by the patients, is present from the first to the seventh postoperative day. It was observed that in some cases there was no prescription of analgesics and even in the group of patients who took analgesics, these drugs were not effective for the relief of headache. The final logistic regression model revealed that insomnia ( OR = 10.6, p = < 0.001 ), the pain recorded in the patients’ charts (OR = 2.38 , p = 0.016) and use of analgesic (OR = 2.03 , p = 0.014) adequately explained the outcome. Conclusion: Headache was the chief complaint of pain after postoperative craniotomy, and its intensity varied from mild to severe. The analgesic used was not effective for the control of postoperative headache. Proper handling of post-craniotomy headache by the multidisciplinary team can contribute to early neurological recovery of patients undergoing craniotomy, and should make the post-surgical care, with a view to early recovery and the humanization of care.

Phase-sensitive detection of spin pumping via the ac inverse spin Hall effect.

We use a phase-sensitive, quantitative technique to separate inductive and ac inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) voltages observed in Ni(81)Fe(19)/normal metal multilayers under the condition of ferromagnetic resonance. For Ni(81)Fe(19)/Pt thin film bilayers and at microwave frequencies from 7 to 20 GHz, we observe an ac ISHE magnitude that is much larger than that expected from the dc spin Hall angle Θ(SH)(Pt) = 0.1. Furthermore, at these frequencies, we find an unexpected, ≈ 110° phase of the ac ISHE signal relative to the in-plane component of the resonant magnetization precession. We attribute our findings to a dominant intrinsic ac ISHE in Pt.

PCR as a screening test for invasive aspergillosis in haematological patients: a pilot study.

Invasive aspergillosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly in individuals with haematological malignancy and in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Nowadays, the galactomannan (GM) assay has been widely used as an indication of invasive aspergillosis, even though the test is known to generate false-positive results. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of GM and real-time PCR (qPCR) to detected Aspergillus in blood samples obtained from high-risk haematological patients. Haematological patients were screened twice weekly with GM testing, which was performed by the Platelia ELISA kit. An additional sample of whole blood (4 ml) was obtained for the purpose of qPCR testing. Sixty-four samples from 12 patients with haematopoietic stem cell transplant or haematological malignancy were studied. The overall accordance between GM and qPCR tests was 96.9 % (62 samples). Only two samples showed contradictory results, with positive GM test and negative real-time PCR results. Based on the high concordance between GM and qPCR in terms of negative results, the main utility of qPCR could be in the confirmation of positive results seen with GM testing.

Controlling the competition between optically induced ultrafast spin-flip scattering and spin transport in magnetic multilayers.

The study of ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials provides rich opportunities for greater fundamental understanding of correlated phenomena in solid-state matter, because many of the basic microscopic mechanisms involved are as-yet unclear and are still being uncovered. Recently, two different possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain ultrafast laser induced magnetization dynamics: spin currents and spin-flip scattering. In this work, we use multilayers of Fe and Ni with different metals and insulators as the spacer material to conclusively show that spin currents can have a significant contribution to optically induced magnetization dynamics, in addition to spin-flip scattering processes. Moreover, we can control the competition between these two processes, and in some cases completely suppress interlayer spin currents as a sample undergoes rapid demagnetization. Finally, by reversing the order of the Fe/Ni layers, we experimentally show that spin currents are directional in our samples, predominantly flowing from the top to the bottom layer.

Ultrafast magnetization enhancement in metallic multilayers driven by superdiffusive spin current.

Uncovering the physical mechanisms that govern ultrafast charge and spin dynamics is crucial for understanding correlated matter as well as the fundamental limits of ultrafast spin-based electronics. Spin dynamics in magnetic materials can be driven by ultrashort light pulses, resulting in a transient drop in magnetization within a few hundred femtoseconds. However, a full understanding of femtosecond spin dynamics remains elusive. Here we spatially separate the spin dynamics using Ni/Ru/Fe magnetic trilayers, where the Ni and Fe layers can be ferro- or antiferromagnetically coupled. By exciting the layers with a laser pulse and probing the magnetization response simultaneously but separately in Ni and Fe, we surprisingly find that optically induced demagnetization of the Ni layer transiently enhances the magnetization of the Fe layer when the two layer magnetizations are initially aligned parallel. Our observations are explained by a laser-generated superdiffusive spin current between the layers.

Probing the timescale of the exchange interaction in a ferromagnetic alloy.

The underlying physics of all ferromagnetic behavior is the cooperative interaction between individual atomic magnetic moments that results in a macroscopic magnetization. In this work, we use extreme ultraviolet pulses from high-harmonic generation as an element-specific probe of ultrafast, optically driven, demagnetization in a ferromagnetic Fe-Ni alloy (permalloy). We show that for times shorter than the characteristic timescale for exchange coupling, the magnetization of Fe quenches more strongly than that of Ni. Then as the Fe moments start to randomize, the strong ferromagnetic exchange interaction induces further demagnetization in Ni, with a characteristic delay determined by the strength of the exchange interaction. We can further enhance this delay by lowering the exchange energy by diluting the permalloy with Cu. This measurement probes how the fundamental quantum mechanical exchange coupling between Fe and Ni in magnetic materials influences magnetic switching dynamics in ferromagnetic materials relevant to next-generation data storage technologies.

Mutual phase-locking of microwave spin torque nano-oscillators.

The spin torque effect that occurs in nanometre-scale magnetic multilayer devices can be used to generate steady-state microwave signals in response to a d.c. electrical current. This establishes a new functionality for magneto-electronic structures that are more commonly used as magnetic field sensors and magnetic memory elements. The microwave power emitted from a single spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) is at present typically less than 1 nW. To achieve a more useful power level (on the order of microwatts), a device could consist of an array of phase coherent STNOs, in a manner analogous to arrays of Josephson junctions and larger semiconductor oscillators. Here we show that two STNOs in close proximity mutually phase-lock-that is, they synchronize, which is a general tendency of interacting nonlinear oscillator systems. The phase-locked state is distinct, characterized by a sudden narrowing of signal linewidth and an increase in power due to the coherence of the individual oscillators. Arrays of phase-locked STNOs could be used as nanometre-scale reference oscillators. Furthermore, phase control of array elements (phased array) could lead to nanometre-scale directional transmitters and receivers for wireless communications.

The doctor's dilemma: challenges for the primary care physician caring for the child with special health care needs.

OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers to providing quality primary care to children with special health care needs (CSHCN). METHODOLOGY: Descriptive cross-sectional needs assessment of primary care physicians caring for CSHCN. The population consists of 30 physicians from 2 health centers and 4 private offices participating in an intervention study designed to enhance primary care for CSHCN and 20 physicians from comparable sites (2 health centers, 5 private offices). An 86-item questionnaire was administered to participants. RESULTS: Among these physicians who care for large numbers of CSHCN, over 70% were satisfied with specialist care, emergency room, and hospital care. By contrast, fewer than 50% reported satisfaction with mental health services, information available for families, access to case managers, and resources for transition-to-adult services. Seventy-one percent reported that compensation systems affected care, and more than half the physicians reported needing more time or staff to provide optimal care for CSHCN. CONCLUSIONS: Experienced physicians providing primary care for large numbers of CSHCN report that their care is adversely affected by compensation systems. There is extensive dissatisfaction with the availability of mental health services, access to community resources, transition services, and availability of written information for families.