RESUMO
In patients with both stable coronary disease and atrial fibrillation, a baseline treatment of aspirin and an oral anticoagulant is often prescribed due to the proven benefits of each therapy on cardiovascular and thromboembolic events and mortality. However, recent cohort studies in this population have shown that adding aspirin to an oral anticoagulant is not associated with a reduction in recurrence of coronary or thromboembolic events, but significantly increases the bleeding risk. In these patients, in particular when their bleeding risk is high, aspirin withdrawal may be considered.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Doença das Coronárias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Risco , Tromboembolia/etiologia , Tromboembolia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A new type of biodegradable drug-loaded fibre scaffold has been successfully produced for the benefit of water-soluble drugs and proteins. Model drug loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles incorporated into poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibres were manufactured by co-precipitation of CaCO3 and the drug molecules, followed by electrospinning of a suspension of such drug-loaded microparticles in a PLGA solution. Rhodamine 6G and bovine serum albumin were used as model drugs for our release study, representing small bioactive molecules and protein, respectively. A bead and string structure of fibres was achieved. The drug release was investigated with different drug loadings and in different pH release mediums. Results showed that a slow and sustained drug release was achieved in 40 days and the CaCO3 microparticles used as the second barrier restrained the initial burst release.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Proteínas/química , Água/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Ácido Láctico/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Toscana virus (TOSV) represents a frequent cause of viral meningitis in the Mediterranean Basin that remains neglected in neighbouring countries. We report a documented TOSV meningitis case in a traveller returning from Tuscany to Switzerland. While routine serological and PCR assays could not discriminate between TOSV and Sandfly fever Naples virus infection, a high-throughput sequencing performed directly on the cerebrospinal fluid specimen and analysed with the ezVIR pipeline provided an unequivocal viral diagnostic. TOSV could be unequivocally considered as the aetiological agent, proving the potential of ezVIR to improve standard diagnostics in cases of infection with uncommon or emerging viruses.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bunyaviridae/diagnóstico , Meningite/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre do Flebótomo Napolitano/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/patologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/virologia , Biologia Computacional , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vírus da Febre do Flebótomo Napolitano/classificação , Vírus da Febre do Flebótomo Napolitano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suíça , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Since its creation in 1993, hemovigilance has an important place for blood safety. The part concerning donors, as the name suggests, targeted on improvement of donor's safety covers in fact the two points of the transfusion chain with serious adverse events in donor, epidemiologic survey for recipients and post-donation information on the two sides. Organized management and close collaboration between the actors of the transfusion chain are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the system.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Segurança do Sangue/normas , Seleção do Doador/normas , Assistência ao Convalescente , Produtos Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Produtos Biológicos/normas , Segurança do Sangue/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Notificação de Doenças/legislação & jurisprudência , Documentação/normas , França , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/legislação & jurisprudência , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Gestão de Riscos , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
We present the first case of Raoultella planticola bacteria in human infections with a direct relationship between fish intake and enteric infection. The patient was treated with antibiotherapy (cefotaxime). It is important to consider this organism in the differential diagnosis of enteric fever and even more with previous ingestion of fish.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/complicações , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Cefotaxima/administração & dosagem , Enterobacteriaceae/classificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Delirium is a frequent medical problem in hospitalized patients and is often underdiagnosed in spite its high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. Amongst diagnostic instruments currently available, the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) appears to be the best bedside tool due to its performance and rapidity of use. An adaptation for intensive care patients, CAM-ICU, has also been validated.
Assuntos
Delírio/diagnóstico , Humanos , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
During a gastro-intestinal bleeding, treatment options regarding antiplatelet agents depend on the indication. In primary prevention, treatment can reasonably be stopped regarding the low expected benefit. In secondary prevention, experts recommend resuming treatment after a five-day interruption. In patients with a coronary stent, the decision is made on a case by case basis and requires close multidisciplinary collaboration between internists, cardiologists and gastroenterologists.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicações , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Contraindicações , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controleRESUMO
When enteral nutrition is indicated to prevent or to treat a patient with denutrition choosing between a nasogastric tube (NGT) and a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is not always an easy decision. In neurological patients with swallowing disturbances or in patients with head and neck tumors, PEG is associated with lower rates of feeding tube dislodgement, while NGT has lower rates or morbidity. A meta-analysis showed that the interruption of nutrition is less frequent with PEG but there is no difference in terms of mortality and aspiration pneumonia between PEG and NGT. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism recommends PEG when enteral nutrition is expected to last more than 3 weeks.
Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Gastrostomia/métodos , Intubação Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
Electrospinning is a promising technology to produce scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Each electrospun scaffold is characterized by a complex micro-scale structure that is responsible for its macroscopic mechanical behavior. In this study, we focus on the development and the validation of a computational micro-scale model that takes into account the structural features of the electrospun material, and is suitable for studying the multi-scale scaffold mechanics. We show that the computational tool developed is able to describe and predict the mechanical behavior of electrospun scaffolds characterized by different microstructures. Moreover, we explore the global mechanical properties of valve-shaped scaffolds with different microstructural features, and compare the deformation of these scaffolds when submitted to diastolic pressures with a tissue engineered and a native valve. It is shown that a pronounced degree of anisotropy is necessary to reproduce the deformation patterns observed in the native heart valve.
Assuntos
Valvas Cardíacas , Modelos Biológicos , Alicerces Teciduais , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Poliésteres , Estresse Mecânico , Suínos , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
Post donation information management is a fundamental axis of haemovigilance in terms of blood safety. It requires an organization ensuring a permanent reactivity, a good sensitization of French National Blood Service professionals and needs also a strong awareness of blood donors. Previous identification of stakeholders to warn during these kinds of alerts is essential to avoid the use of any blood product presenting a potential risk. The recent implementation of a consensual internal document aims to target the reinforcement of a homogeneous decision-making process, combining blood product self-sufficiency and above all recipient safety.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Segurança do Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Gestão de Riscos/organização & administração , Revelação da Verdade , Bancos de Sangue/legislação & jurisprudência , Bancos de Sangue/organização & administração , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Contraindicações , França , Humanos , Recall e Retirada de Produto/legislação & jurisprudência , Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Testes Sorológicos , Fatores de Tempo , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lack of faculty training is often cited as the main obstacle to post-graduate teaching in communication skills. AIMS: To explore clinical supervisors' needs and perceptions regarding their role as communication skills trainers. METHODS: Four focus group discussions were conducted with clinical supervisors from two in-patient and one out-patient medical services from the Geneva University Hospitals. Focus groups were audio taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed in a thematic way using Maxqda software for qualitative data analysis. RESULTS: Clinical supervisors said that they frequently addressed communication issues with residents but tended to intervene as rescuers, clinicians or coaches rather than as formal instructors. They felt their own training did not prepare them to teach communication skills. Other barriers to teach communication skills include lack of time, competing demands, lack of interest and experience on the part of residents, and lack of institutional priority given to communication issues. Respondents expressed a desire for experiential and reflective training in a work-based setting and emphasised the need for a non-judgmental learning atmosphere. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that organisational priorities, culture and climate strongly influence the degree to which clinical supervisors may feel comfortable to teach communication skills to residents. Attention must be given to these contextual factors in the development of an effective communication skills teaching program for clinical supervisors.
Assuntos
Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Comunicação , Internato e Residência , Papel Profissional , Ensino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Competência ProfissionalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes ileitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis by mainly invading the Peyer's patches that are positioned in the terminal ileum. Whereas toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) controls mucosal inflammation by detecting certain microbiota-derived signals, its exact role in protecting Peyer's patches against bacterial invasion has not been defined. DESIGN: Wild-type, Tlr2-, Nod2- and MyD88-deficient animals were challenged by Y pseudotuberculosis via the oral or systemic route. The role of microbiota in conditioning Peyer's patches against Yersinia through TLR2 was assessed by delivering, ad libitum, exogenous TLR2 agonists in drinking water to germ-free and streptomycin-treated animals. Bacterial eradication from Peyer's patches was measured by using a colony-forming unit assay. Expression of cryptdins and the c-type lectin Reg3 beta was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that Tlr2-deficient mice failed to limit Yersinia dissemination from the Peyer's patches and succumbed to sepsis independently of nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation domain 2 (NOD2). Recognition of both microbiota-derived and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated elicitors was found to be critically involved in gut protection against Yersinia-induced lethality, while TLR2 was dispensable to systemic Yersinia infection. Gene expression analyses revealed that optimal epithelial transcript level of the anti-infective Reg3 beta requires TLR2 activation. Consistently, Yersinia infection triggered TLR2-dependent Reg3 beta expression in Peyer's patches. Importantly, oral treatment with exogenous TLR2 agonists in germ-free animals was able to further enhance Yersinia-induced expression of Reg3 beta and to restore intestinal resistance to Yersinia. Lastly, genetic ablation of Reg3 beta resulted in impaired clearance of the bacterial load in Peyer's patches. CONCLUSIONS: TLR2/REG3 beta is thus an essential component in conditioning epithelial defence signalling pathways against bacterial invasion.
Assuntos
Nódulos Linfáticos Agregados/microbiologia , Proteínas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/metabolismo , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Vida Livre de Germes , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/genética , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas a Pancreatite , Nódulos Linfáticos Agregados/metabolismo , Nódulos Linfáticos Agregados/ultraestrutura , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genéticaRESUMO
Platelet concentrates (PC) are used in thrombocytopenia for curative or preventive treatment for hemorrhagic risk. Since five years, additive solutions have been added in PCs for several reasons; one of them is to present an interest in the intolerance in plasma reactions. The literature data have shown that these solutions entail fewer allergic reactions than PCs kept in plasma. This study was reviewed on three years of transfusion in France. The main objective of this study was to see if there was a difference in frequency when these PCs were in solution or not. All adverse reactions in recipients (ARR) occurring among PCs recipients (with and without additive solution) were analysed. The categories of ARR specifically studied were: allergies, febril non haemolytic reactions (FNHR) and the category "unknown". This study shows that there is significantly lower incidence of allergies by introducing solution. For all ARRs, there is also a decrease in their frequency when PCs are in additive solution, it is significant except for the apheresis platelet concentrates. For categories FNHR and "unknown", the results are opposed and/or not significant. This study confirms that introduction of additive solutions in PCs is able to reduce some allergic transfusion reactions.
Assuntos
Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Febre/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Soluções para Preservação de Órgãos/farmacologia , Transfusão de Plaquetas/efeitos adversos , Plaquetas/imunologia , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/etiologia , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Transfusão de Plaquetas/métodos , Transfusão de Plaquetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Skeletal myogenesis is a complex process, which is known to be intimately depending on an optimal outside-in substrate-cell signaling. Current attempts to reproduce skeletal muscle tissue in vitro using traditional scaffolds mainly suffer from poor directionality of the myofibers, resulting in an ineffective vectorial power generation. In this study, we aimed at investigating skeletal myogenesis on novel biodegradable microfibrous scaffolds made of DegraPol, a block polyesterurethane previously demonstrated to be suitable for this application. DegraPol was processed by electrospinning in the form of highly orientated ("O") and nonorientated ("N/O") microfibrous meshes and by solvent-casting in the form of nonporous films ("F"). The effect of the fiber orientation at the scaffold surface was evaluated by investigating C2C12 and L6 proliferation (via SEM analysis and alamarBlue test) and differentiation (via RT-PCR analysis and MHC immunostaining). We demonstrated that highly orientated elastomeric microfibrous DegraPol scaffolds enable skeletal myogenesis in vitro by aiding in (a) myoblast adhesion, (b) myotube alignment, and (c) noncoplanar arrangement of cells, by providing the necessary directional cues along with architectural and mechanical support.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Desenvolvimento Muscular , Poliésteres/química , Poliuretanos/química , Animais , Adesão Celular , Linhagem Celular , Desenho de Equipamento , Teste de Materiais , Camundongos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Ratos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodosRESUMO
Chest radiography is a common investigation used frequently by practitioners as well as hospital doctors. Among many factors, experiences, level of training and radiological specialization influence the accuracy of its interpretation. Prospective studies observe a low discordant interpretation rate between radiologists and non-radiologists and allow the non-specialist to rely on its own interpretation for urgent clinical decision-making. However, radiologist's expertise remains the reference in interpreting chest radiography, plays a key-role in continuous training of non-specialist, and guarantees the quality of patients' care.
Assuntos
Medicina Interna , Radiografia Torácica , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , EspecializaçãoRESUMO
The life time prevalence of headache is more than 90% in the general population. The majority of patients presenting to physicians suffer from migraine. A simple clinical predictive score based on five questions will allow clinicians to confirm this diagnosis and will prevent further investigations. In all other circumstances, evidence is not sufficient to develop prediction rules to exclude secondary headache. However, neuroimaging should be performed in patients with a unexplained abnormal finding on the neurological examination.
Assuntos
Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Exame Neurológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The structure of hematopoietic malignancies in post-Chernobyl period among pediatric patients in Kyiv city and 24 regions of Ukraine especially those born in 1986 and 1987 and the infants at the age below 1 year is reviewed taking into account the data of the Reference Laboratory obtained in 1993-2004 and based on the modern diagnostic technologies in accordance with FAB, WHO, EGIL, ICD-10 and ICD-O-2 classifications.
Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ucrânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Vertebral fractures in older persons are strong predictors of subsequent fracture risk but remain largely under-recognized. To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the recognition of vertebral fractures and the prescription of anti-osteoporosis treatment among general internists, we conducted a prospective study in a service of general internal medicine of a large university teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. During a 3.5-month observation period (phase 1), all lateral spinal or chest radiographs performed on consecutive inpatients over 60 years were reviewed by two independent investigators, and vertebral fractures were graded according to their severity. METHODS: Results were compared with radiology reports and general internists' discharge summaries. During the following 2-month intervention period (phase 2), internists were actively educated about vertebral fracture identification by means of lectures, posters and flyers. Radiologists did not receive this educational strategy and served as controls. RESULTS: Among 292 consecutive patients (54% men; range: 60-97 years) included in phase 1, 85 (29%) were identified by investigators as having at least one vertebral fracture; radiologists detected 29 (34%), and internists detected 19 (22%). During the intervention phase, 58 (34%) of 172 patients were identified with vertebral fractures by investigators; radiologists detected 13 patients (22%) whereas among internists the detection rate almost doubled (25/58 patients, 43%; p=0.008 compared to phase 1). The percentage of patients with vertebral fracture who benefitted from an osteoporosis medical management increased from 11% (phase 1) to 40% (phase 2, p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the large under-recognition of vertebral fractures, irrespective of their severity, and demonstrate that a simple educational strategy can significantly improve their detection on routine radiographs and, consequently, improve osteoporosis management.