[Laboratory confirmation of staging and volume of preventive measures at work under the conditions of microbial pollution of work environment air.]

Conceptual and methodological basics of the medical surveillance system with confirmed staging and regulated volume of laboratory studies on workers of diverse industrial sectors exposed to increased microbial load with opportunistic infections have been developed.

Influence of occupational noise on hearing: systematic review of foreign literature.

The article is aimed to systematically review evidence-based data published in foreign literature on influence of level and characteristics of occupational noise on hearing loss. Search of the literature was based on key words "occupational noise exposure, permissible exposure limit, dose-response relationship, acceptable noise level, noise-induced hearing loss" The authors studied 349 publications, 7 out of which were included into the present systematic review. Findings are that developed countries demonstrate a tendency to decreased prevalence of hearing loss among workers exposed to noise. Occupational groups with increased risk include workers of mining, machinery, light industries and agriculture. Lower occupational risk or no risk of hearing loss is seen in education, transport workers, musicians and other groups. Occupational noise level of 80 dB is a theoretically minimal exposure level resulting in no increase in hearing loss risk. Following normal noise level at 85 dB could decrease prevalence of hearing loss due to noise.

[FEDERAL CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF HEARING LOSS DUE TO NOISE].

Noise induced hearing loss is a slowly developing hearing impairment, caused by occupational exposure to excessive noise levels, constitutes a lesion of the auditory analyzer and clinically manifested as chronic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Currently, there is not a treatment that provide a cure of sensorineural hearing loss. Regular, individually tailored treatment should be directed to the pathogenic mechanisms and specific clinical symptoms of hearing loss, as well as the prevention of complications. We recommend using non-drug therapies that can improve blood flow in labyrinth, tissue and cellular metabolism.

[Comparative analysis of occupational risk evaluation results through various methodic approaches].

Comparative analysis covered three models of occupational risk evaluation: (1) Method to evaluate risks at workplace, elaborated in Finland and recommended by International Work Safety Agency for Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries; (2) Method elaborated in Research Institute for Occupational Medicine with RAMSc under the direction of N.F. Izmerov and E.I. Denisov; (3) Method evaluating individual occupational risk, with consideration of work conditions and worker's health state, also elaborated in Research Institute for Occupational Medicine with RAMSc and Klin Institute of Work conditions and safety, approved in 2011 as methodic recommendations. Findings are that in contemporary Russia a unified method evaluating occupational risk is more expedient; the first method satisfactorily describes actual ratio of occupational risk levels and could be useful as an additional method for its evaluation, especially for psycho-social factors; the second method does not allow to evaluate occupational risk acceptably if absent longstanding occupational morbidity, but is recommended for risk evaluation in evidence-based medicine; the third method is recommended at federal level to fulfil requirements of Labour Code in Russian Federation and obligatory social insurance purposes.

[Quality and efficiency of medical care for workers exposed to conditions violating sanitary and hygienic rules].

The authors analyzed results of organizing and performing preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to conditions violating sanitary and hygienic rules, exemplified by Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis also covered some parameters of occupational morbidity changes since 1968 to 2008. To increase diagnostic efficiency for occupational diseases, according to the authors, one needs a whole system of evaluation and management of occuupational risks on basis of continuous development of compatible information databases concerning work conditions and workers' health parameters.

[Importance of psycho-social factors of work process for variable occupations in contemporary conditions].

The author summarized and analyzed results of psychosocial studies in five occupational groups (oilmen, glass production workers, doctors of all specialities, surgeons, teachers) through the same questionnaire. Finding is high significance of fear connected with losing the workplace for workers, and for workers and for teachers the highly significant was fear of intensive work load and interpersonal relations with boss. Relationship between significance of psychosocial factors for the workers and their health state was revealed.

[Using biologic markers for evaluation of environmental pollution with metals].

Contemporary state of analytic basis enables to use human biologic materials adequately reflecting present ecologic situation for social hygienic monitoring of environmental pollution with heavy metals. To conduct biologic monitoring, regional databases on background metals content of human biologic materials are required. Regional data on elements contents of human body helps precise evaluation of health risk in exposure to environmental hazards.

[Intensity of occupational load and work tension of surgeons].

The authors present results of yearly shift lists collected for analysis of occupational load faced by surgeons in multifield hospital. Surgeons of all specialities appeared to have very high occupational burden, as totally 2-4 months per year they spend at work on a twenty-four hour basis. Findings are discrepancy between hardiness, strain evaluation and results of workplace certification.

[Work in structure of social and psychologic factors in doctors].

The article deals with results obtained through social and hygienic poll among Bashkortostan Republic doctors (6077 questionnaires) on analysis and evaluation of professional activities role in moral values structure. Most of the doctors appeared to work with exceeding their personal abilities, that causes prolonged overstrain in them and remains along with low salary one of the main reasons for anxiety, nervousness or stress at work.

[Psychophysiological features of fatigue in police officers during service]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie osobennosti razvitiia utomleniia u sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del v protsesse truda.

Peculiar occupational factor in police officers service is intensive psycho motional and physical strain leading to performance decrease caused by fatigue, to high transitory disablement morbidity. Studies enabled to specify and put into practice effective medical and prophylactic measures, to increase performance in criminal police officers, duty officers and road police staffers.

[Prophylactic efficiency of tietasol and oxymethyluracyl against chlorphenols exposure in experimental and real conditions]. / Profilakticheskaia éffektivnost' tietazola i oksimetiluratsila pri vozdeistvii khrorfenolov.

The authors studied protective efficiency of tietasol and oxymethyluracyl in experiments with animals exposed to 2,4-dichlorphenol and in real chlorphenol production. According to the results, oxymethyluracyl could be recommended to increase resistance against chemicals in occupational conditions.

[Logic and evaluation of industrial ecological risks in industrial cities in Russia]. / Zakonomernosti formirovaniia i otsenka tekhnogennykh ékologicheskikh riskov v promyshlennykh gorodakh Rossii.

Industrial workers play a significant role in formation of ecologic technogenic risks in industrial cities of Russia as are subjected to technogenic load considerably higher than that of the general population and cover over a half of employable and pensionary urban residents.

[Allometric signals of technogenic actions on the population]. / Allometricheskie signaly tekhnogennykh vozdeistvi na naselenie.

The authors demonstrate possible use of allometric equations to describe age-matched oncologic morbidity and mortality in stable population. Deviations from the allometric model (allometric signals) could be traced to changed technogenic load on the population. Examples show relationships between rank parameters of the models and the technogenic load levels.

[The stability of the allometric model of age-related mortality for the statistical scatter of the initial data]. / Ustoichivost' allometricheskoi modeli povozrastnoi smertnosti k statisticheskomu razbrosu iskhodnykh dannykh.

Imitation model study evaluated uncertainty in evaluation of rank trend characteristics. The trends describe age-matched oncologic mortality and morbidity. The uncertainty (dispersion and shift) of the evaluation decreases with growing population and trend rank, becomes allowable for population exceeding 100,000.

[Ecological risk and methods for its assessment]. / Ekologicheskii risk i metody ego otsenki.

The authors prove that signals of ecologic influence on public health could be detected only by statistic analysis of relatively rare diseases. Serious restrictions therefore should cover use of some health parameters in ecologic ranking. The article discusses controversies of legal basis for ecologic ranking of territories.

[The evaluation of the effect of industrial factors on the morbidity indices of able-bodied and retired workers]. / Otsenka vliianiia proizvodstvennykh faktorov na pokazateli smertnosti rabotavshikh v trudosposobnom i posttrudosposobnom vozraste.

The authors describe method evaluating actual technogenic risk and use it to assess influence of work conditions in 2 shops of "Khimprom" Industrial Association (Ufa city). The production of 2,4,5-T appeared to induce higher occupational risk resulting in reliably increased mortality among the workers, if compared to general population.

[The results of complex social and ecologic study in the city of Ufa]. / Rezul'taty kompleksnogo sotsial'no-ékologicheskogo issledovaniia v g. Ufe.

The authors present results of social and ecologic study carried out in Ufa. The results describe the course of ecologically important processes and phenomena in correlation with the public subjective understanding. Public health is influenced by hygienic parameters of food and water quality as well as a complex of social, economic and psychologic factors. Weak correlation between those parameters and ambient air pollution necessitates more accurate approach to ecologic mapping of cities and to manipulation with data on lower atmosphere pollution with chemical hazards.