The effect of chlorogenic acid from green coffee as a natural antioxidant on the shelf life and composition of hazelnut paste.

In this study, the effect of chlorogenic acid obtained as an antioxidant from Green Coffee Extract (GCE) on the shelf life of Hazelnut Paste (HP) was investigated at 4, 25, and 40 °C for 3 months. The analysis of variance showed that the effect of AR (Additive Ratio) × T (Temperature) × t (Storage Time) interaction on Peroxide Number (PV), tocopherols, and phenolics (TPC) of GCE-HP mixtures was found to be significant (P < 0.05). ARxt factor on Hunter L*, a*, and b* color values, DPPH-radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity (AA), Txt factor on oleic/linoleic acid ratio (O/L), and ARxT and ARxt interactions on free fatty acid were more effective (P < 0.05). Regression equations of O/L, PV, AA, and TPC can be used to calculate the shelf life of HP due to high R2 values (87.14-94.46%). In addition, according to the O/L regression equation, the shelf life of the HP control samples was 28 days at 22 °C, increased to 60 days at 0.5%-GCE and 90 days at 25.68 °C at 0.75%-GCE (R2 = 87.14%, P < 0.001). GCE (0.5-0.75%) was a promising antioxidant in increasing the shelf life of HP.

Effects of lyophilized black mulberry water extract on lipid oxidation, metmyoglobin formation, color stability, microbial quality and sensory properties of beef patties stored under aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions.

The objective was to determine the effects of different concentrations of lyophilized black mulberry water extract (BMWE) on lipid oxidation, metmyoglobin (MMb) formation, color stability, microbial quality, and sensory properties of aerobic (AP) and vacuum (VP) packaged beef patties during 15 days of chilled storage. Compared to control, incorporating of BMWE decreased (P < .01) the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), MMb, and hue angle values of both AP and VP beef patties, while improving the redness (a*) and chroma values (P < .01). Addition of BMWE contributed significantly to extending the shelf life of beef patties by limiting lipid oxidation, discoloration and microbial growth during storage compared to control (P < .01). Although the lowest TAMB (total aerobic mesophylic bacteria) counts, TBARS and MMb values were determined in 0.4% BMWE groups, 0.2% BMWE was the most favourable concentration considering sensory acceptability and instrumental redness. These results showed that BMWE could be used as a promising natural colorant, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in beef patties instead of synthetic additives.

The serological and virological investigation of canine adenovirus infection on the dogs.

Two types of Canine Adenovirus (CAVs), Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs. In this study, blood samples taken from 111 dogs, which were admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, with clinical symptoms. Seventy-seven dogs were sampled from Isparta and Burdur dog shelters by random sampling, regardless of the clinical findings. Dogs showed a systemic disease, characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, severe moist cough, signs of pulmonary disease and dehydration. Two dogs had corneal opacity and photophobia. In serological studies, 188 serum samples were investigated on the presence of CAV antibodies by ELISA. Total 103 (103/188-54.7%) blood samples were detected to be positive for CAV antibodies by ELISA. However, 85 (85/188-45.2%) blood samples were negative. Blood leukocyte samples from dogs were processed and inoculated onto confluent monolayers of MDCK cells using standard virological techniques. After third passage, cells were examined by direct immunoflourescence test for virus isolation. But positive result was not detected. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of CAV infection in dogs.

Evaluation of the microelement profile of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties for human nutrition and health.

In this study, the levels of boron (B), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) microelements in 16 hazelnut samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave digestion, and are discussed for human nutrition and health. Significant differences were observed between the microelement contents of the 16 varieties (P < 0.01). The average microelements concentrations in the varieties varied in the following ranges: B, 13.63-23.87; Co, 0.47-0.82; Cr, 0.22-0.52; Cu, 16.23-32.23; Fe, 31.60-51.60; Li, 0.035-0.042; Ni, 0.58-2.58; Se, 0.96-1.39; and Zn, 22.03-44.03 mg/kg. These results showed that hazelnuts can be an important microelement source for human nutrition and health. According to our trace element data, a daily consumption of 50 g hazelnut can supply easily about 6% for B, 9% for Co, 19% for Fe, 9% for Ni and 16% for Zn of the recommended daily allowance. On the other hand, Se, Cu and Cr levels of 50 g hazelnuts are higher than the respective daily requirements, but slight overdoses of these elements are non-toxic for human health.

Rotavirus infection in children with acute diarrhea as detected by latex agglutination, ELISA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

We examined prospectively, stool specimens from 135 children, 0 to 3 years old, referred for fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and/or acute diarrhea. Rotavirus antigens were detected from fecal samples by latex agglutination (LA), ELISA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Rotavirus antigen positivity by Latex, ELISA and PAGE were 15, 55%, 12.59% and 11.85%, respectively. With PAGE test as reference, the sensitivity and specificity of LA and ELISA tests was 93.75%, 94.96% and 100%, 99.16%, respectively, The positivity ratio between 13-24 months group was meaningful with all tests (P = 0.042 for LA; P = 0.05 for ELISA; P = 0.031 for PAGE). ELISA and LA use found to be as sensitive and specific as PAGE in the diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhea.

Clinical and immunological effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine on bovine papillomatosis.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has antineoplastic and immunostimulatory properties, and it is currently being clinically tested in anticancer therapy. In order to analyze the immunostimulatory effects of NDV on bovine papillomatosis, we inoculated 14 cows subcutaneously with an attenuated vaccine containing the LaSota strain of NDV (LS-NDV). Four cows with papillomatosis served as controls. Serum samples were collected from each animal 1 h before and, 7 and 21 days after inoculation. In inoculated cows, on days 7 and 21 the mean antibody titers were log2 2.43 +/- 0.92 and log2 5.57 +/- 0.72 by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), and the mean levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were 5.80 +/- 4.19 and 5.39 +/- 2.66 ng/ml by WEHI-164 cytotoxicity assay. Significant differences between inoculated and control animals were evident for antibody titers on day 21 and clinical scores on day 60. A correlation was evident between the TNF-alpha activities and clinical scores on day 21. The clinical observations at day 60 showed that the papillomas in five cows were completely resolved (36%), one animal had no alterations on clinical appearance of the tumor (7%), and papillomas in eight cows were regressed (57%). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that inoculation of LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-alpha activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis.

Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal calves with presumed septicemia.

This study was performed to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the serum of neonatal calves with presumed sepsis and determine the correlation between serum concentrations of TNF and the severity and outcome of disease. Thirty-five sick calves < 30 days old that suffered from enteritis, respiratory disease, or both were considered suitable for inclusion in this study by satisfying clinical and laboratory criteria suggestive of septicemia. At admission, blood samples were collected from all calves to determine the prevalence of high concentrations of TNF. The clinical course and outcome of disease then were recorded. Of the 35 calves with presumed sepsis, 10 had high serum TNF concentrations. Scleral injection, weak or absent suckling reflex, sternal or lateral recumbency, unresponsive or comatose state, and death rate of calves with high serum TNF concentration were greater than those values for calves without high serum TNF concentration. Calves with high serum TNF concentration had significantly lower mean IgG (P < .001), globulin (P < .0001), and calcium (P < .0001) concentrations; greater serum creatinine concentrations (P < .0001); and > or = 2+ toxic changes in neutrophils than did calves without high serum TNF concentrations. Mean values for packed cell volume, band neutrophil count, and venous Pco2 were significantly (P < .007) higher in the group of calves with high serum TNF concentration. Results of this study indicate that serum TNF concentration is correlated with clinical criteria of sepsis in neonatal calves. A close association was apparent between disease severity and serum TNF concentrations in this group of calves with presumed septicemia.