Beyond the Usual Suspects: Primary Premaxilla Sarcoidosis.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs, including rare extrapulmonary sites like the premaxilla. This case report presents a rare occurrence of premaxillary sarcoidosis, a condition scarcely reported in medical literature. Case Report: The patient, a 62-year-old male, presented with a progressively enlarging painless swelling on the right cheek over a three-year period. Despite multiple Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) examinations yielding no conclusive diagnosis, a contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed an ill-defined lesion in the premaxillary soft tissue. Biopsy and subsequent excision procedures confirmed the presence of non-caseating granulomas with asteroid bodies, indicative of sarcoidosis. With no systemic involvement and complete excision of the disease, further treatment was not necessary. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing premaxillary (Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis) sarcoidosis due to its rarity and resemblance to other dental and maxillofacial conditions and granulomatous lesions. Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, multidisciplinary approach, involving clinical assessment, histopathological analysis, and imaging modalities. By deepening our understanding of these uncommon presentations, this report aims to enhance clinical awareness and contribute to improved patient outcomes.

Comparative evaluation of adverse drug reaction reporting forms for introduction of a spontaneous generic ADR form.

Despite comprehensive and stringent phases of clinical trials and surveillance efforts, unexpected and serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) repeatedly occur after the drug is marketed. ADR reporting is an important aspect of an efficient and effective pharmacovigilance program. Although Medwatch, Yellow Card, CDSCO form, etc. are the protocol forms of ADR collection and reports, a number of countries design and use their respective ADR forms. This review compares similarities and dissimilarities of 13 ADR forms of countries representing their geographical location. This study extracted 73 data elements mentioned in 13 different ADR forms. Only 13 elements were common. An ADR form of Malaysia and Canada covers the highest number of data 43, while Brazil falls to the opposite end with a number of 17 data elements in lieu with the Generic ADR Form. The result of this review highlights 58 data elements of the proposed generic ADR form which ensures that requisite reporting information essential for correct causality assessment of ADRs are included. The proposed "Generic ADR form" could be adopted worldwide mandatorily for reporting any/all ADRs associated with marketed drugs.