Applications of optical sensing and imaging spectroscopy in indoor farming: A systematic review.

As demand for food continues to rise, innovative methods are needed to sustainably and efficiently meet the growing pressure on agriculture. Indoor farming and controlled environment agriculture have emerged as promising approaches to address this challenge. However, optimizing fertilizer usage, ensuring homogeneous production, and reducing agro-waste remain substantial challenges in these production systems. One potential solution is the use of optical sensing technology, which can provide real-time data to help growers make informed decisions and enhance their operations. optical sensing can be used to analyze plant tissues, evaluate crop quality and yield, measure nutrients, and assess plant responses to stress. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the current state of using spectral-optical sensors and hyperspectral imaging for indoor farming, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The study surveyed existing studies from 2017 to 2023 to identify gaps in knowledge, provide researchers and farmers with current trends, and offer recommendations and inspirations for possible new research directions. The results of this review will contribute to the development of sustainable and efficient methods of food production.

Comparison of the accuracy and correctness of mortality estimates for Intensive Care Unit patients in internal clinics of the Czech Republic using APACHE II, APACHE IV, SAPS 3 and MPMoIII models.

Aim To verify and compare the accuracies of mortality predictions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Internal Clinic of Central Military Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic, using model APACHE II and the newer systems of the APACHE IV, SAPS 3 and MPMo III. Methods The data were collected retrospectively between 2011 and 2012, 1000 patients were evaluated. The assessment of the overall accuracy of the mortality predictions was performed using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and the calibration was assessed using the Lemeshow-Hosmer "goodness-of-fit" C statistic. Discrimination was evaluated using ROC curves based on calculations of the areas under the curve (AUCs). Results The APACHE II, SAPS 3, and MPMo III systems significantly overestimated the expected mortality, whereas the APACHE IV model led to correct estimations of the overall mortality. The discrimination capabilities of the models assessed according to the constructions of the ROC curves were evaluated as good, only the APACHE II was evaluated as satisfactory. The calibrations of all models were evaluated as unsatisfactory. Conclusion The best mortality estimation for the investigated population sample was provided by the APACHE IV system. The discrimination capabilities of all models for the studied population were satisfactory, but the calibration of all of the systems was unsatisfactory. The conclusions of our study are limited by the relatively small size of the investigated sample and the fact that this study was conducted at only a single site.

Chronic radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization. Re-canalization via an ipsilateral ulnar artery.

Transradial approach to coronary angiography is a progressive and increasingly more often used technique. Apart from its advantages, radial artery occlusion (RAO) represents the most serious drawback. Re-canalization of an iatrogenic RAO, although asymptomatic in the majority of cases, remains a discussed and challenging topic. Besides its clear indications in symptomatic patients, it still remains questionable whether to perform this procedure in order to enable future repeated cannulations using the same access site and preserving the other remaining sites. For this particular reason we performed an antegrade re-canalization of an unrecognized RAO, likely a result of a previous transradial approach intervention. After a failed radial approach, the intervention was successfully performed via an ipsilateral ulnar artery. Following an uncomplicated coronary re-catheterization, RAO was angiographically diagnosed and re-canalized via the same (ulnar) access site using standard coronary equipment. Radial and ulnar artery patency were examined and checked on the following day and one month later using duplex ultrasonography.

Use of locking compression plates for deformity correction of the forearm bones in children.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of our study was to assess treatment results of angular deformities in distal radius by a system of the locking compression plates (LCP) at our clinic. METHODS: Our source data was collected prospectively from the records of patients where the locking compression plate was used for angulation correction of distal forearm between 2006 and 2007. The patients were divided by sex, the age range was defined and two groups were formed based on the initial diagnosis: the group of posttraumatic deformities (2 patients; 29 %) and the group of no traumatic deformities (3 patients with congenital shortening of ulna, valgus deformity and overgrowth of radius and 2 patients with exostoses multiplices with shortening of ulna and overgrowth of radius with ulnar angulation). The following parameters were set: radial articular angle and carpal slip prior to and after angulation correction, the healing period, the range of movement of the surrounding joints and occurrence of complications. RESULTS: We recorded only one case of delayed healing which was subsequently sustained by autospongioplastics and adjusted to normal. In the rest of the cases deformity correction occurred and the defined parameters were then corrected to normal. We observed no postoperative complications or permanent consequences. CONCLUSIONS: A two-year follow-up period monitoring treatment and therapeutic results of deformities in the forearm bones at our clinic, confirmed a minimal incidence of complications and a high percentage of successfully treated cases.