Different Methods of Physical Training Applied to Women Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to identify the effects of different training methods in women who have survived breast cancer (WSBC). Data Sources: Studies were identified by searching SportDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Bireme. Study Selection: The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed only breast cancer in women, were randomized clinical trials, and interventions involving physical training with Consort ≥80. Data Extraction: The PICO and CONSORT strategies were used for the selection of articles and quality assessment of randomized clinical trials, respectively. Two independent reviewers searched for articles among the databases. Disagreements were discussed, and in the case of an impasse, a third reviewer was consulted. Data Synthesis: Evidence that demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical exercise programs carried out by WSBC. Moderate or high-intensity exercise sessions have been shown to benefit women survivors of breast cancer. Among the modalities, the resistance exercise showed effects from 55% of one-repetition maximum (1 RM), exclusively or associated with other training regimes, such as aerobic (from 48% of heart rate), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or impact. The main benefits include increased muscle strength, promoted by the practice of resistance exercise in combination with other types of exercises or alone; decreased fatigue; improved quality of life; improved psychosocial effects, and increased leisure time. Conclusions: Physical training performed at a moderate or high intensity (aerobic or anaerobic) can reduce fatigue, improve quality of life, improve sleep quality, and increase bone mineral density in women survivors of breast cancer.

What is the contribution of each physical activity domain to total physical activity in adolescents? / Qual a contribuição de cada domínio da atividade física para atividade física total em adolescentes?

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the contribution of different physical activity domains to "total physical activity" in Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the third edition of the National School Health Survey - PeNSE, 2015. The sample consisted of 100,497 adolescents of both sexes enrolled in the 9th grade of elementary schools. A linear regression model was used to verify how much each domain contributed to total physical activity, considering gender, type of municipality and region. The domain with the largest contribution to "total physical activity" regardless of sociodemographic and environmental variables was "extra-school physical activity" (R2 = 0.60), followed by "active commuting" (R2 = 0.34), and finally "Physical Education classes" (R2 = 0.23). The contribution of the different domains varied by gender, type of municipality and region, and it was concluded that "extra-school physical activity" make the greatest contribution to "total physical activity", followed by "active commuting" and "Physical Education classes". In addition, variation was observed in the contribution of domains by gender, type of municipality and region.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a contribuição dos diferentes domínios da atividade física na "atividade física total" em adolescentes brasileiros.Trata-se de estudo transversal utilizando dados secundários oriundos da terceira edição da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE, 2015. A amostra foi constituída por 100.497 adolescentes de ambos os sexos cursando o 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão linear a fim de averiguar o quanto cada domínio contribuiu para a atividade física total, considerando o sexo, tipo de município e região. O domínio que apresentou maior contribuição para "atividade física total" independentemente das variáveis sociodemográficas e ambientais foram as "atividades físicas extraescolares" (R2= 0,60), seguido do "deslocamento ativo" (R2= 0,34), e por fim as "aulas de Educação Física" (R2= 0,23). A contribuição dos diferentes domínios apresentou variações por sexo, tipo de município e região. Conclui-se que as "atividades extraescolares" apresentam a maior contribuição para a "atividade física total", seguido do "deslocamento ativo" e das "aulas de Educação Física". Além disso, verifica-se uma variação na contribuição dos domínios por sexo, tipo de município e região.

Cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents / Aptidão cardiorrespiratória em crianças e adolescentes

Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness is an important health status indicator. The purpose of this study was to verify the cardiorespiratory fitness according to age group and gender in children and adolescents from Sergipe, Brazil. It is a crosssectional study with sample consisting of 195 adolescents of both genders with mean age of 11.75 ± 3.0 years. For the characterization of participants, a questionnaire with age and gender identification designed by researchers was used. Subsequently, participants were submitted to anthropometric evaluation in order to estimate the maturational stage by means of the peak height velocity (PHV). The 20meter back-and-forth test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. Two-way ANOVA was applied with sample divided into two groups ("up to 13 years" and "above 13 years"). Polynomial contrast was used to identify the type of tendency for cardiorespiratory fitness, and simple contrast for multiple comparisons. All procedures were performed using SPSS version 22.0 software, considering 5% significance level. In the "over 13 years" group, there was a significant effect on the cardiorespiratory capacity behavior according to "gender" [F(1, 45) = 5.54, p = 0.02, r = 0.33] and "age" [F(4.45) = 3.37, p = 0.02, r = 0.48]. The simple contrast identified increased cardiorespiratory fitness behavior in relation to age groups of 15 and 16 year when compared to the age group of 14 years. It was concluded that gender and age positively influence cardiorespiratory fitness from the maturational reference age in the study group.

Resumo Aptidão cardiorrespiratória é um importante indicador da condição de saúde. Objetivou-se verificar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, conforme grupo etário e sexo, em crianças e adolescentes do Estado de Sergipe. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 195 adolescentes de ambos os sexos com média de idade de 11,75±3,0 anos. Para a caracterização dos participantes, utilizou-se um questionário com dados sociodemográficos. Aplicou-se uma avaliação antropométrica, de forma a estimar o estágio maturacional por meio do pico de velocidade de crescimento (PVC) e o teste de vai-e-vem de 20 metros para a estimativa da capacidade cardiorrespiratória. ANOVA two-way foi aplicada com amostra dividida em dois grupos ("até 13 anos" e "acima de 13 anos"). Foi aplicado contraste polinomial para identificar o tipo de tendência para a aptidão cardiorrespiratória, e contraste simples para comparações múltiplas. Todos os procedimentos adotaram p ≤ 0,05 e utilizaram o software SPSS versão 22.0. No grupo etário "acima dos 13 anos", encontrou-se efeito significativo no comportamento da capacidade cardiorrespiratória conforme "sexo" [F(1, 45) = 5,54, p = 0,02, r=0,33] e "idade" [F(4, 45)= 3,37, p = 0,02, r=0,48]. O contraste polinomial revelou tendência linear para o VO2 em relação à idade de corte de 13 anos (p=0,04). O contraste simples identificou comportamento crescente da capacidade cardiorrespiratória em relação aos grupos etários de 15 e 16 anos quando comparados ao grupo de 14 anos. Conclui-se que o sexo e a idade influenciam positivamente na capacidade cardiorrespiratória a partir da idade de referência maturacional.

Physical fitness related to sportive performance in artistic gymnastics / Aptidão física relacionada ao desempenho esportivo na ginástica artística

Abstract The practice of artistic gymnastics for children and adolescents develop both motor vocabulary, cognitive aspects and affective partners. The aim of the study was to analyze physical fitness characteristics related to sports performance of adolescents practicing artistic gymnastics. This study is a systematic review and used the following databases: Scielo, PubMed and SportDiscus, with no starting date and using as final cutoff the month of February 2017. The search strategy was based on the identification of the Population of adolescents practicing artistic gymnastics and outcome related to physical fitness characteristics related to sports performance, and allowed verifying how studies were evaluated. There was a predominance of studies related to anthropometric variables, such as BMI and body fat percentage (%F) of gymnasts. Based on this type of study, the information available in this study will contribute to help physical education professionals and other researchers in the field with current publications related to these aspects, according to the results of this study, particularly in the pedagogical information for coaches.

Resumo A prática da ginástica artística para as crianças e adolescentes desenvolvem tanto o vocabulário motor, como aspectos cognitivos e sócios afetivos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as características da aptidão física relacionado ao desempenho esportivo de adolescentes praticantes de ginástica artística Este estudo é uma revisão sistemática e utilizou as bases de dados: Scielo, PubMed e SportDiscus, sem data limite de início e utilizando como ponto de corte final o mês de fevereiro de 2017. A estratégia de busca partiu da identificação da população de adolescentes praticantes de ginástica artística e desfecho relacionado às características da aptidão física relacionado ao desempenho esportivo. Falar de como foi a avaliação dos estudos. Foi constatado que houve uma predominância de estudos relacionados às variáveis antropométricas, como IMC e percentual de gordura (%G), de ginastas. A partir desse tipo de estudo as informações disponíveis no mesmo contribuirá para auxílio e despertar aos profissionais de Educação Física e demais pesquisadores da área publicações mais atuais relacionadas a estes aspectos abordados, pois o resultado do presente trabalho sugere a necessidade deste direcionamento, particularmente em caráter de informação pedagógica dos treinadores também.

Suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents in northeastern Brazil.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents. The instrument designed for the research was used considering three models with outcomes that identified the following: (a) adolescent had considered suicide, (b) adolescents have planned suicide, and (c) adolescents have attempted suicide. Logistic Regression was used in all models with significance level of 5%. An association between being female and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.18, CI 95% 1.60 to 2.97), suicide planning (OR = 1.80, CI 95% = 1.26-2.56), and suicide attempt (OR = 2.91, CI 95% 1.79 to 4.75) was found. Violent behavior/involvement in fights was associated with thinking about suicide (OR = 2.00, CI 95% = 1.43 to 2.81), suicide planning (OR = 1.65, CI 95% = 1.10-2.46), and suicide attempt (OR = 2.35, CI 95% = 1.49 to 3.70). For cigarette consumption, association was found with suicide ideation (OR = 1.62, CI 95% 1.03 to 2.55), planning (OR = 1.88, CI 95% = 1.15 to 3.08), and attempt (OR = 2.35, CI 95% 1.37 to 4.03). For alcohol consumption, association was found with suicide ideation (OR = 1.93, CI 95% 1.47 to 2.54), planning (OR = 2.22, CI 95% 1.61 to 3.08), and attempt (OR = 1.73, CI 95% 1.15 to 2.59). It was concluded that suicidal ideation was associated with female sex, involvement in fights, and illicit drug use.

Factors associated with violent behavior among adolescents in northeastern Brazil.

The aim of this study was to identify prevalence and factors associated with violent behavior among adolescents in Aracaju and Metropolitan region. The study included 2207 adolescents (16.03±1.08 years old) enrolled in high schools of the State Public Network. Violent behavior was identified from question 14 of the YRBS-2007 questionnaire with responses categorized as "never" and "one or more times." Higher prevalence in males in relation to risk factors for adoption of violent behavior was found: cigarette consumption (7.3%), alcohol consumption (39.1%), and marijuana use (3.4%). Data analysis used descriptive statistics and logistic regression with hierarchical model at two levels: (a) sociodemographic variables and (b) behavioral variables. For both sexes, association between violent behavior and cigarette smoking (OR=3.77, CI 95%=2.06-6.92 and OR=1.99, CI 95%=1.04 to 3.81, male and female, resp.) and alcohol consumption (OR=3.38, CI 95%=2.22 to 5.16 and OR=1.83, CI 95%=1.28 to 2.63, male and female, resp.) was verified. It was concluded that violent behavior is associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes among adolescents.

Systematic review shows only few reliable studies of physical activity intervention in adolescents.

Introduction. Several studies have pointed to the high prevalence of low levels of physical activity in adolescents, suggesting the need for more effective interventions for this group. The aim of this study was to present evidence of intervention programs for efficacy of physical activity for adolescents. Methods. Surveys in PubMed, SportDiscus, LiLacs, and SciELO databases were conducted using keywords to identify population, intervention, and outcome, as well as DeCS and MeSH terms in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, whenever appropriate. The review included observational studies with minimal intervention of six months, minimum sample size of 100 adolescents, written in any language, and those who have reached STROBE score greater than 70%. Results. Only seven studies met all inclusion criteria. Of these, five were pre- and postintervention and two had n > 2000 participants. Interventions were of several types, durations, and strategies for physical activity implementation. Behavior change was assessed in 43% of studies and three reported success in some way. Conclusion. Due to heterogeneity in their contents and methodologies, as well as the lack of jobs that accompany adolescents after the intervention period, one cannot draw conclusions about the actual effects of the intervention programs of physical activity on the behavior of young people.

Influence of sexual maturation on cardiorespiratory fitness in school children / Influencia da maturacao sexual na aptidao cardiorrespiratoria em escolares

Levels of aerobic fitness of children and adolescents are declining worldwide, which results in increased health risks. In Brazil, approximately 60% of the students present levels of fitness lower than recommended for age and sex. Our objective was to determine the influence of sexual maturation and physical activity level on cardiorespiratory fitness of schoolchildren of both sexes aged 9-14 years. This was a cross-sectional including a sample of 747 individuals (47.12% female) aged 9 to 14 years enrolled in public schools. The participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and a questionnaire on sexual maturation, and performed the shuttle run test. In order to verify the influence of sexual maturation on VO2max, students were categorized according to maturation stage (prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal), sex, and interaction between sex and maturation. ANOVA was used to compare mean maturation stages and to assess whether sex and maturation affect VO2max. There was influence of maturation (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.069, power = 1) and sex (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.059, power = 1) on aerobic fitness. VO2max values were different between the maturation stages in both sexes, and between sexes at the same maturation stage. Maturation influenced VO2max with a decreasing linear trend (p <0.0001; Eta2 = 0.221, power = 1) for females. An influence of maturation and physical activity level on cardiorespiratory fitness was observed in schoolchildren of Aracaju city.

Níveis de aptidão aeróbica de crianças e adolescentes estão declinando em todo o mundo, enquadrando-se em risco para a saúde. No Brasil, aproximadamente, 60% dos escolares apresentam níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória abaixo do recomendado para a idade e sexo. O objetivo foi verificar a influência da maturação sexual e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares de ambos os sexos com idade de 9 a 14 anos. O estudo foi transversal com amostra composta por 747 indivíduos (47,12% do sexo feminino) e idade de 9 a 14 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino. Os indivíduos responderam o PAQ-C e o questionário sobre maturação sexual, além de participarem do shuttle run test. Para verificar a influência no VO2máx, os participantes foram categorizados em pré-púberes, púberes e pós-púberes e de acordo com o sexo e a interação (sexo vs maturação). Foi utilizada a ANOVA para comparar as médias dos estágios de maturação e para avaliar se o sexo e a maturação afetavam o VO2máx. Houve influência da maturação (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,069; power = 1) e do sexo (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,059; power = 1) na aptidão aeróbica. O VO2máx entre os estágios de maturação foi diferente entre os sexos. A maturação influenciou o VO2máx com tendência decrescente e linear (p < 0,0001; Eta2 = 0,221; power = 1) para o sexo feminino. Verificou-se influência da maturação e do nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares da cidade de Aracaju.