Zonal cultivars of field crops as a reserve for the phytoremediation of fluorides polluted soils.

To solve the problems of improving arable soils contaminated with fluorides of aluminum smelter, it is necessary to select plants that combine the ability to bioaccumulate pollutants without compromising the viability. It makes sense to carry out the search among field crops cultivated in the region, as they are most adapted to specific soil and climatic conditions. Indicators of productivity and bioaccumulation factors (Bf) were studied in Galega orientalis Lam., Melilótus officinális Lam., Heliánthus tuberósus L., Zéa máys L., Avena sativa L., Medicago sativa L., and Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Metzg which are zonal for agriculture of Baikal Siberia. In the field experiments on the gray forest soils uncontaminated and contaminated by aluminum technogenic exhaust, it was shown that zonal cultivars of M. officinális Lam. and R. sativus var. oleifera Metzg have the greatest potential for phytoextraction of fluorides from contaminated soils (Bf >1).

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Winter Triticale Crowns at Different Soil Moisture Levels.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The spring growth of winter cereals depends on the viability of the crowns as it is the key organ of the spring renewal of leaves, stems and roots. After the plants out of wintering, the impact of stressful conditions in the spring period negatively affects the viability of the crowns of winter cereals. The study was aimed at studying the physiological and biochemical reactions of the crowns of winter triticale, depending on the moisture level of the soil after wintering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The physiological and biochemical reaction of crowns of winter triticale to the change of the soil moisture-30, 60, 90 of the field capacity (FC) was studied under the controlled conditions of the vegetation experience. The viability of crowns winter triticale, water content, free proline, water-soluble carbohydrates and the qualitative composition of dehydrins were investigated. RESULTS: Plant survival and steady water content during the first 10 days is associated with an increase in the concentration of free proline, high content of water-soluble carbohydrates and dehydrins in crowns, regardless of the soil moisture level. At later stages of spring growth resumption (20 and 30 days), a decrease in carbohydrates, dehydrins and proline was noted in the crowns of winter triticale at all the studied levels of soil moisture. These substances are likely playing an important role in the osmotic regulation and protection of the components of the cells of crowns at the initial stage (10 days) of the plants growth resumption. CONCLUSION: The higher content of proline and the low water content of the tissues of crowns were noted in plants in the variant with a lack of moisture. Water deficiency in the period of growth resumption after wintering has a negative effect on the survival of plants.