RESUMO
Transmission of foreign mtDNA along the paternal lineage founded by male mice (F0), and distribution of that mtDNA in their progeny at early stages of prenatal development were studied. Transmitochondrial males of F0 obtained after injection of human mitochondria into mouse zygotes has been shown to transmit foreign mtDNA to subsequent generations. Individual peculiarities among the males studied, concerning transmission of foreign mtDNA to the progeny, are likely to exist. Besides, the distribution of human mtDNA among blastomeres of transmitochondrial embryos under study differed from that observed in previous investogation of its inheritance along the maternal lineage.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Padrões de Herança , Mitocôndrias/genética , Zigoto/metabolismo , Animais , Quimera , Feminino , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mitocôndrias/química , Fatores Sexuais , Zigoto/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Distribution of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among separate murine blastomeres was analyzed during the splitting of embryos in which the suspension of human mitochondria had been injected at the one- or two-cell stage. Human mtDNA was detected by PCR with species specific primers. The total amount of the two- and four-cell murine embryos analyzed in the study was 339. In all embryos examined the copies of human mitochondrial genome were revealed along with murine mtDNA, which indicated the phenomenon of an artificially modeled heteroplasmy. The foreign mtDNA was not ubiquitous among the blastomeres of transmitochondrial embryos. Mathematical analysis of the results showed that in the period between the injection of human mitochondria and the subsequent splitting no equal distribution of the human mtDNA occurred in the cytoplasm. These results also point at the presence of more than 2-3 segregation units of mtDNA in the entire pool of mitochondria (about 5 x 10(2)) introduced into an embryo by microinjection.
Assuntos
Blastômeros/metabolismo , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Animais , Blastômeros/química , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/químicaRESUMO
The conditions for transfer of human mitochondria into fertilised mouse ova were elaborated. Species-specific primers were designed to discriminate human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the endogenous mtDNA in the preimplantation embryos. Human mitochondria isolated from the HepG2 cell line were microinjected into murine zygotes, and the latter cultured for 96 h to the blastocyst stage. The polymerase chain reaction allowed the detection of human mtDNA at every stage of embryo cleavage. In some cases a clear disparity in distribution of human mtDNA among blastomeres was evident.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Zigoto/metabolismo , Animais , Blastocisto/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Microinjeções , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The authors analyze the use of computers in x-ray examinations of gynecologic patients. X-ray signs of infertility, endometritis, tuberculosis, myoma, malignant tumors, etc. were formalized. A total of 131 patients were examined and a council of physicians for these cases was computer-simulated. Variants of computer-processed x-ray diagnoses are presented, their informativeness indexes ranging from 0 to 100%. Programmed processing may be realized via SM-4, SM-1420, IZOT-1016C, Electronika 100-25 computers. The FORTRAN program language was employed to make up the programs.