MiR-223-3p attenuates the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by regulating NLRP3.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with high invasion and metastasis, which seriously threatens public health. Previous study showed that NLRP3 could promote the occurrence of lung tumors in B(a)P-induced mice. MicroRNAs are closely related to the progression and metastasis of lung cancer by regulating target genes. However, which miRNAs affect the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through regulating NLRP3 remains poorly defined. In this study, the miRNAs targeting NLRP3 were selected from TargetScan and miRDB database and finally miR-223-3p was chosen due to the consistent expression in both A549 and H520 cells. Then, the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells were detected with miR-223-3p mimic and inhibitor using Transwell assay, at the same time the expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1ß and IL-18 was determined using Western Blot and immunohistochemistry assay. Our data demonstrated that miR-223-3p was upregulated in both A549 and H520 cells. Furthermore, the migration and invasion of A549 and H520 cells were promoted after inhibiting miR-223-3p. Besides, the levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1ß and IL-18 were increased in the two lung cancer cells. And the corresponding results were contrary in miR-223-3p mimic group. Taken together, miR-223-3p attenuates the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells by regulating NLRP3, which provides evidence for the prevention and targeted treatment of NSCLC.

Recent Advances of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Typing Technology Based on High-Throughput Sequencing.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans is a genetic region consisting of cell surface proteins located on the short arm of chromosome 6. This is also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The HLA region consists of genes that exhibit complex genetic polymorphisms, and are extensively involved in immune responses. Each individual has a unique set of HLAs. Donor-recipient HLA allele matching is an important factor for organ transplantation. Therefore, an established rapid and accurate HLA typing technology is instrumental to preventing graft-verses-host disease (GVHD) in organ recipients. As of recent, high-throughput sequencing has allowed for an increase read length and higher accuracy and throughput, thus achieving complete and high-resolution full-length typing. With more advanced nanotechnology used in high-throughput sequencing, HLA typing is more widely used in third-generation single-molecule sequencing. This review article summarizes some of the most widely used sequencing typing platforms and evaluates the latest developments in HLA typing kits and their clinical applications.

Dual role of MdSND1 in the biosynthesis of lignin and in signal transduction in response to salt and osmotic stress in apple.

Clarifying the stress signal transduction pathway would be helpful for understanding the abiotic stress resistance mechanism in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and could assist in the development of new varieties with high stress tolerance by genetic engineering. The key NAC transcription factor SND1, which is involved in the lignin biosynthesis process in apple, was functionally analyzed. The results of the stress treatments indicated that MdSND1 could be induced by salt, mannitol and ABA. Compared with wild-type GL-3 plants, MdSND1-overexpressing apple plants with greater antioxidant capacity and lignin were more resistant to salt and simulated osmotic stress, while RNAi plants were more vulnerable. Additionally, molecular experiments confirmed that MdSND1 could regulate the biosynthesis of lignin by activating the transcription of MdMYB46/83. Moreover, genes known to be involved in the stress signal transduction pathway (MdAREB1A, MdAREB1B, MdDREB2A, MdRD29A, and MdRD22) were screened for their close correlations with the expression of MdSND1 and the response to salt and osmotic stress. Multiple verification tests further demonstrated that MdSND1 could directly bind to these gene promoters and activate their transcription. The above results revealed that MdSND1 is directly involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and the signal transduction pathway involved in the response to both salt and osmotic stress in apple.

MdMYB46 could enhance salt and osmotic stress tolerance in apple by directly activating stress-responsive signals.

To expand the cultivation area of apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and select resistant varieties by genetic engineering, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of salt and osmotic stress tolerance in apple. The MdMYB46 transcription factor was identified, and the stress treatment test of MdMYB46-overexpressing and MdMYB46-RNAi apple lines indicated that MdMYB46 could enhance the salt and osmotic stress tolerance in apple. In transgenic Arabidopsis and apple, MdMYB46 promoted the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall and deposition of lignin by directly binding to the promoter of lignin biosynthesis-related genes. To explore whether MdMYB46 could coordinate stress signal transduction pathways to cooperate with the formation of secondary walls to enhance the stress tolerance of plants, MdABRE1A, MdDREB2A and dehydration-responsive genes MdRD22 and MdRD29A were screened out for their positive correlation with osmotic stress, salt stress and the transcriptional level of MdMYB46. The further verification test demonstrated that MdMYB46 could activate their transcription by directly binding to the promoters of these genes. The above results indicate that MdMYB46 could enhance the salt and osmotic stress tolerance in apple not only by activating secondary cell wall biosynthesis pathways, but also by directly activating stress-responsive signals.