Actinomadura decatromicini sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil in Thailand.

A novel actinomycete strain CYP1-5T was isolated from the mountain soil sample collected from Chaiyaphum province, Thailand and its taxonomic position was clarified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain CYP1-5T were consistent within the genus Actinomadura. Cell-wall peptidoglycan of this strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Galactose, madurose, and ribose were presented as the diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H6). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and C16:0. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannoside were observed as predominant phospholipids. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain CYP1-5T was constituent with the genus Actinomadura and was closely related to Actinomadura syzygii GKU157T (99.5%) and Actinomadura chibensis IFM 10266T (= JCM 14158T) (98.2%). The draft genome size of strain CYP1-5T was 9.30 Mb with 72.2 mol% of G + C content. Strain CYP1-5T showed ANIb values of 94.9% with A. syzygii GKU157T and 93.2% with A. chibensis JCM 14158T. Phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and genome data support that strain CYP1-5T could be discriminated from its closest relatives, representing a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura decatromicini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CYP1-5T (= JCM 16996T = KCTC 19916T = TISTR 2901T).

Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil.

The taxonomic position of the mountain soil actinomycete, strain CYP1-1BT, was clarified by a polyphasic study. The strain produced a single spore, or occasionally a chain of spores, on aerial mycelium. Chemotaxonomic data supported the classification of CYP1-1BT as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura on the basis of the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan; galactose, glucose, madurose and ribose as whole cell sugars; MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4) as dominant menaquinones; C16 : 0, 10-methylated C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol manosides as the predominant phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. On the basis of the combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, CYP1-1BT was identified as representing a member of the genus Actinomadura. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene analysis, CYP1-1BT, was shown to be closely related to Actinomadura nitritigenes DSM 44137T (98.9 %). Phenotypic, genotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the hypothesis that CYP1-1BT represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura for which the name Actinomadura montaniterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CYP1-1BT (=JCM 16995T=KCTC 39784T=PCU 349T=TISTR 2400T).

Micromonospora maritima sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.

Strain D10-9-5(T) was isolated from mangrove soil in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand. A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. The strain presented single rough spores on substrate mycelium and no aerial mycelium. Chemotaxonomic data supported the assignment of strain D10-9-5(T) to the genus Micromonospora based on the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycolyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan, ribose, mannose, galactose, xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars, MK-10(H(4)) (14.8 %), MK-10(H(6)) (46.7 %) and MK-10(H(8)) (27.5 %) as the predominant isoprenoid quinones, iso-C(15 : 0) (17.9 %), anteiso-C(17 : 0) (14.6 %), iso-C(17 : 0) (9.6 %), C(17 : 0) (8.0 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (7.7 %) and C(17 : 1)ω8c (7.0 %) as the major cellular fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylethanolamine as the predominant phospholipids in the cell wall. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain D10-9-5 was closely related to Micromonospora marina JCM 12870(T) (99.6 %), Micromonospora coxensis JCM 13248 (T) (99.4 %), Micromonospora aurantiaca JCM 10878(T) (99.3 %), Micromonospora humi JCM15292(T) (99.3 %), Micromonospora halophytica JCM 3125(T) (99.1%) and Micromonospora chalcea JCM 3031(T) (99.1 %). Strain D10-9-5(T) could be clearly distinguished from related members of the genus Micromonospora by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its phylogenetic position and level of DNA-DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species for which the name Micromonospora maritima sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is D10-9-5(T) ( = JCM 17013(T) = NBRC 108767(T) = PCU 322(T) = TISTR 2000(T)).

Micromonospora humi sp. nov., isolated from peat swamp forest soil.

A novel actinomycete, strain P0402(T), was isolated from peat swamp forest soil collected in Thailand. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of this strain matched those of the genus Micromonospora, i.e. the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-glycolyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan, whole-cell sugar pattern D, phospholipid type II, and cellular fatty acid type 3b. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a close relationship between strain P0402(T) and Micromonospora coxensis JCM 13248(T) (99.0 % similarity), Micromonospora eburnea JCM 12345(T) (99.0 %), Micromonospora marina JCM 12870(T) (98.9 %), Micromonospora halophytica JCM 3125(T) (98.7 %), Micromonospora chalcea JCM 3031(T) (98.7 %), Micromonospora purpureochromogenes JCM 3156(T) (98.6 %) and Micromonospora aurantiaca JCM 10878(T) (98.5 %). It could be clearly distinguished from these type strains based on low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic differences. On the basis of the data presented, strain P0402(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P0402(T) ( = JCM 15292(T)  = PCU 315(T)  = TISTR 1883(T)).