Prognostic factors in early-stage ovarian cancer.

The purpose of this study was to identify the main prognostic factors in patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Data were extracted from 222 patients with initial stage (I-IIA) invasive epithelial ovarian cancer treated with primary surgery followed or not followed by adjuvant therapy, from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2008, at the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; the median follow-up was 79 months (SD ± 35,945, range 20-250 months). The negative prognostic factors that were statistically significant (p<0.050) in univariate analysis were grade 2, 3, and X (clear cell in our study); stage IB, IC, IIA; positive peritoneal cytology, age equal to/greater than 54; dense adhesions; capsule rupture (pre-operative or intra-operative) and endometrioid histotype (only for disease-free survival (DFS)). Positive cytology was strongly associated with peritoneal relapses, while adhesions were associated with pelvic relapses. A positive prognosis was associated with the mucinous histotype. Conservative treatment had been carried out in 52% of patients under 40 years of age, and we detected only two relapses and three completions of surgery after a few weeks among 31 women in total. Our study indicated a possible execution in patients with patients with cancer stage IA G1-G2 (p=0.030) or IC G1 (p=0.050), provided well staged. Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the survival of cancers that were not IA G1. The positive prognostic role of taxanes must be emphasised, when used in combination with platino.

Prognostic factors and clinical outcome of patients with recurrent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: an Italian multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of patients with recurrent early-stage ovarian cancer. METHODS: The hospital records of 87 patients were reviewed. The median follow-up of survivors from recurrence was 87.6 months. RESULTS: The 25%, 50%, and 75% quantiles of time to recurrence were 15, 25, and 44 months, respectively. The pelvis was the most common site of failure (39.1%), followed by abdomen (18.3%) and retroperitoneal nodes (18.3%). Treatment at recurrence consisted of chemotherapy in 46 patients, surgery plus chemotherapy in 29, surgery in 3, surgery plus radiotherapy in 2, and other therapies in 7. A macroscopically complete cytoreduction was obtained in 29 (85.2%) of the 34 patients who underwent secondary surgery. Five- and 7-year survival rates after recurrence were 34.3% and 29.6%. By log-rank test, survival after recurrence was related to patient age (≤60 vs. >60 years; P = 0.001), time to recurrence (>15 vs. ≤15 months; P = 0.049), site of recurrence (retroperitoneum vs pelvis vs other; P = 0.004), and surgery at recurrence (yes vs. not; P = 0.001), but not to substage, histotype, grade, prior adjuvant chemotherapy, examination that detected recurrence, and chemotherapy at recurrence. On multivariate analysis, patient age (hazard ratio, 1.836; 95% confidence interval, 1.060-3.180) and surgical treatment at recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.972; 95% confidence interval, 1.084-3.587) were independent prognostic variables for survival after recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Patient age and surgery at recurrence were independent prognostic variables for patients with recurrent early-stage ovarian cancer. When feasible, salvage surgery appears to give a survival advantage in this clinical setting.

The clinical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients with apparently isolated lymph node recurrence: a multicenter retrospective Italian study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients who developed an apparently isolated lymph node recurrence after primary therapy. METHODS: The authors retrospectively assessed 69 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were clinically or pathologically free of disease after primary therapy and who subsequently developed an apparently isolated lymph node recurrence. The median follow-up of survivors was 74.5 months. RESULTS: Median age was 58 years, FIGO stage was III-IV in 52 (75%) patients, residual disease after primary surgery was >1 cm in 36 (52%), first-line chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel-/platinum-based chemotherapy in 44 (64%), time to recurrence was >12 months in 43 (62%), recurrence was pelvic and/or para-aortic in 41 (59%), and treatment at recurrence consisted of chemotherapy alone in 44 (64%), surgery plus chemotherapy in 22 (32%), surgery alone in one patient, surgery plus irradiation in one, and irradiation alone in one patient. Survival after recurrence was significantly related to the type of treatment (chemotherapy alone versus surgery plus chemotherapy, median: 20.8 months versus not reached, p=0.0002), and patient age (>58 versus <58 years, median: 26.8 versus 44.0 months, p=0.02). Overall survival was significantly related to the type of treatment (chemotherapy alone versus surgery plus chemotherapy, median: 45.4 months versus not reached, p=0.0001), patient age (>58 versus <58 years, median: 45.4 versus 62.9 months, p=0.03) and time to recurrence (<12 months versus >12 months, median: 45.4 versus 66.9 months, p=0.01). Cox model showed that treatment at recurrence was the strongest independent prognostic variable for both survival after recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=0.277, p=0.0003) and overall survival (HR=0.249, p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent surgery plus chemotherapy had a 72% reduction in the risk of death after recurrence and a 75% reduction in the risk of death after initial diagnosis when compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone. Secondary cytoreductive surgery appears to be able to prolong survival in epithelial ovarian cancer patients with apparently isolated lymph node recurrence.