Impact of the implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist on essential birth practices and adverse events in two Brazilian hospitals: a before and after study.

OBJECTIVE: The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) is a promising initiative for safety in childbirth care, but the evidence about its impact on clinical outcomes is limited. This study analysed the impact of SCC on essential birth practices (EBPs), obstetric complications and adverse events (AEs) in hospitals of different profiles. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, time-series study and pre/post intervention. SETTING: Two hospitals in North-East Brazil, one at a tertiary level (H1) and another at a secondary level (H2). PARTICIPANTS: 1440 women and their newborns, excluding those with congenital malformations. INTERVENTIONS: The implementation of the SCC involved its cross-cultural adaptation, raising awareness with videos and posters, learning sessions about the SCC and auditing and feedback on adherence indicators. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Simple and composite indicators related to seven EBPs, 3 complications and 10 AEs were monitored for 1 year, every 2 weeks, totalling 1440 observed deliveries. RESULTS: The checklist was adopted in 83.3% (n=300) of deliveries in H1 and in 33.6% (n=121) in H2. The hospital with the highest adoption rate for SCC (H1) showed greater adherence to EBPs (improvement of 50.9%;p<0.001) and greater reduction in clinical outcome indicators compared with its baseline: percentage of deliveries with severe complications (reduction of 30.8%;p=0.005); Adverse Outcome Index (reduction of 25.6%;p=0.049); Weighted Adverse Outcome Score (reduction of 39.5%;p<0.001); Severity Index (reduction of 18.4%;p<0.001). In H2, whose adherence to the SCC was lower, there was an improvement of 24.7% compared with before SCC implementation in the composite indicator of EBPs (p=0.002) and a reduction of 49.2% in severe complications (p=0.027), but there was no significant reduction in AEs. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted SCC-based intervention can be effective in improving adherence to EBPs and clinical outcomes in childbirth. The context and adherence to the SCC seem to modulate its impact, working better in a hospital of higher complexity.

Adverse obstetric outcomes in two Brazilian maternity hospitals.

PURPOSE: Obstetric adverse outcomes (AOs) are an important topic and the use of composite measures may favor the understanding of their impact on patient safety. The aim of the present study was to estimate AO frequency and obstetric care quality in low and high-risk maternity hospitals. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A one-year longitudinal follow-up study in two public Brazilian maternity hospitals. The frequency of AOs was measured in 2,880 randomly selected subjects, 1,440 in each institution, consisting of women and their newborn babies. The frequency of 14 AOs was estimated every two weeks for one year, as well as three obstetric care quality indices based on their frequency and severity as follows: the Adverse Outcome Index (AOI), the Weighted Adverse Outcome Score and the Severity Index. FINDINGS: A significant number of mothers and newborns exhibited AOs. The most prevalent maternal AOs were admission to the ICU and postpartum hysterectomy. Regarding newborns, hospitalization for > seven days and neonatal infection were the most common complications. Adverse outcomes were more frequent at the high-risk maternity, however, they were more severe at the low-risk facility. The AOI was stable at the high-risk center but declined after interventions during the follow-up year. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: High AO frequency was identified in both mothers and newborns. The results demonstrate the need for public patient safety policies for low-risk maternity hospitals, where AOs were less frequent but more severe.

Qualidade da atenção obstétrica e neonatal: boas práticas, eventos adversos e efeitos do checklist para parto seguro da OMS / Quality of obstetric and neonatal care: good practices, adverse events and effects of the WHO safe delivery checklist

Monitorar a qualidade e segurança da assistência ao parto é essencial para o controle da morbimortalidade materna e neonatal persistente no Brasil. No entanto, os serviços obstétricos, em geral, não possuem um sistema de monitoramento de indicadores obstétricos. Para melhorar a qualidade do cuidado no parto, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) desenvolveu o checklist para parto seguro. As evidências demonstram seu potencial efeito sobre a melhoria das boas práticas, porém novos estudos precisam avaliar seu impacto sobre as complicações do parto e eventos adversos. Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar a adesão a Boas Práticas (BP) e a incidência de Eventos Adversos (EA) em maternidades do Brasil e do México; desenvolver e avaliar a usabilidade de um software de monitoramento de indicadores obstétricos e neonatais; e analisar a adesão e o efeito da implementação do checklist para parto seguro sobre a qualidade assistencial. Trata-se de um estudo que faz parte de uma pesquisa multicêntrica maior desenvolvida em dois hospitais brasileiros e cinco mexicanos, integrantes do programa "Safe Childbirth Checklist Colaboration" da OMS. Realizou-se um desenho metodológico misto: estudo seccional de avaliação da linha de base; estudo metodológico de validação de um software; e estudo quase-experimental de série temporal não-controlado para intervenção com checklist. Revisou-se, retrospectivamente, 1.440 prontuários de partos no Brasil e 2.707 no México, durante 24 medições quinzenais sucessivas, no período de 2015-2016. A análise principal incluiu associações de qui-quadrado e gráficos de controle estatístico da qualidade. O software desenvolvido auxilia no monitoramento de indicadores, emitindo relatórios de avaliação contendo tabelas descritivas e gráficos de acompanhamento longitudinal e transversal das estimativas. Antes da implementação do checklist, identificou-se uma baixa adesão às BP e alta incidência de EA nas instituições de ambos os países, especialmente nos hospitais brasileiros (26,8% de BP e 16,0% de EA) e naqueles de alta complexidade (24,5% de BP e 27,2% de EA). Após sua implementação nos serviços brasileiros, mesmo com um nível de preenchimento baixo (20,7%), encontrou-se um aumento significativo (p<0,001) na conformidade geral com nove BP recomendadas pelo checklist (manejo dos distúrbios hipertensivos e cuidados imediatos para a mãe e bebê) (45,4% antes e 49,2% pós-intervenção; melhoria relativa de 7,0%). Observou-se também uma redução significativa (p<0,05) na taxa de partos com distúrbios hipertensivos graves, hemorragia e EA e na incidência de ruptura uterina, hemorragia obstétrica e hipertensão grave. A utilização da Plataforma QualiParto (qualiparto.ccs.ufrn.br) pelos serviços contribuiu para a atividade de controle da qualidade, sendo positivamente avaliada nas dimensões de conteúdo, funcionamento, utilidade e satisfação. Este estudo sinaliza problemas na adesão a BP e EA evitáveis em maternidades brasileiras e mexicanas. Monitorar indicadores neste tema é uma atividade essencial para a gestão da qualidade, e o software QualiParto descrito e testado pode auxiliar no controle destas medidas. A intervenção multifacetada com base no checklist foi efetiva para melhorar BP e EA em maternidades brasileiras com diferentes perfis. Apesar de que a adoção desta tecnologia parece ser promissora na indução de práticas baseadas em evidências, a adesão parcial à sua utilização possivelmente limitou os seus benefícios (AU).

Monitoring the quality and safety of childbirth care is essential to control persistent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Brazil. However, obstetric services, in general, do not have a system for monitoring indicators of childbirth care. To improve the quality of care in childbirth, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC). The evidence demonstrates its potential effect on the improvement of good practices, however new studies need to assess its impact on the childbirth complications and adverse events. The objective was to evaluate and compare adherence to Good Practices (GP) and the incidence of Adverse Events (AE) in maternity hospitals in Brazil and Mexico; develop and evaluate the usability of a software for monitoring obstetric and neonatal indicators; and to analyze adherence and the effect of implementing of the SCC on the quality of care. This is a study that is part of a larger multicenter study carried out in two Brazilian and five Mexican hospitals, members of the WHO "Safe Childbirth Checklist Collaboration" initiative. A mixed methodological design was carried out: sectional study of baseline assessment; methodological study of software validation; and quasi-experimental study of uncontrolled time series for intervention with checklist. We retrospectively reviewed 1,440 birth records in Brazil and 2,707 in Mexico during 24 successive two-week periods in the 2015-2016 period. The main analysis included chi-square associations and statistical quality control charts. The software developed in this study is useful in monitoring indicators, presenting evaluation reports containing descriptive tables and graphs of longitudinal and transversal monitoring of estimates. Before the implementation of the checklist, a low adherence to GP and a high incidence of AE was identified in institutions in both countries, especially in Brazilian hospitals (26.8% of GP and 16.0% of AE) and in those of third level of complexity (24.5% GP and 27.2% AE). After its implementation in Brazilian services, even with a low level of filling of the checklist (20.7%), a significant increase (p <0.001) was found in the general compliance with nine GP recommended by the checklist (management of hypertensive disorders and immediate care for mother and baby) (45.4% before and 49.2% post-intervention; relative improvement of 7.0%). There was also a significant reduction (p <0.05) in the rate of deliveries with severe hypertensive disorders, hemorrhage, AE and in the incidence of uterine rupture, obstetric hemorrhage and severe hypertension. The use of the Plataforma QualiParto (in Portuguese) (qualiparto.ccs.ufrn.br) by the services contributed to the quality control activity, being positively evaluated in terms of content, functioning, utility and satisfaction. This study signals problems in adherence to GP and AE avoidable in Brazilian and Mexican maternity hospitals. Monitoring indicators on this topic is an essential activity for quality management, and the QualiParto software described and tested can assist in the control of these measures. The multifaceted intervention based on the checklist was effective in improving GP and AE in Brazilian maternity hospitals with different profiles. Although the adoption of this technology appears to be promising in inducing evidence-based practices, partial adherence to its use possibly limited its benefits (AU).

Multicentre cross-sectional study on adverse events and good practices in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico: same problems, different magnitude.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of delivery care in maternity wards in Brazil and Mexico based on good practices (GP) and adverse events (AE), in order to identify priorities for improvement. DESIGN: A multicentre cross-sectional study with data collection from medical records between 2015 and 2016 to compare indicators of maternal and neonatal GP and EA based on the Safe Childbirth Checklist and standardised obstetric quality indicators. Two Brazilian and five Mexican maternity wards participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were performed to assess performance and significant differences between the hospitals investigated. SAMPLING: We analysed 720 births in Brazil and 2707 in Mexico, which were selected using a systematic random sampling of 30 medical records every fortnight for 12 2-week periods in Brazil and 18 2-week periods in Mexico. We included women and their newborns, excluding those with congenital malformations. RESULTS: The Mexican hospitals showed greater adherence to GP (58.2%) and a lower incidence of AE (12.9%) than the participating institutions in Brazil (26.8% compliance with GP and 16.0% AE). In spite of these differences, the relative importance of particular quality problems and type of AE are similar in both countries. Tertiary hospitals, caring for women at higher risk, have significantly (p<0.001) higher rates of AE (27.2% in Brazil and 29.6% in Mexico) than institutions attending women at lower risk, where the frequency of AE ranges from 4.7% to 11.2%. Differences were significant (p<0.001) for most indicators of GP and AE. CONCLUSION: Data from outcome and process measures revealed similar types of failures in the quality of childbirth care in both countries and indicate the need of rationalising the use of antibiotics for the mother and episiotomy, encouraging greater adherence to partograph and to the use of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.

Factors associated with access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the level of access to physical rehabilitation for survivors of traffic accidents and the associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study performed in Natal, Northeastern Brazil, through a telephone survey of 155 victims of traffic accidents admitted to an emergency hospital between January and August of 2013, with a diagnosis of fracture, traumatic brain injury or amputation. Participants were identified in the database of the reference hospital for care of traffic accident victims. We calculated point estimates and confidence interval (95%CI) for the frequency of subjects who had access, in addition to multivariate analysis (logistic regression) between access (dependent variable) and sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance variables. RESULTS: Among the 155 respondents, the majority were adolescents and adults between 15-29 years of age (47.7%), men (82.6%), education up to high school (92.3%), income of up to two minimum wages (78.0%) and bikers (75.5%). Although 85.8% of traffic accident survivors reported the need for physical rehabilitation, there was little access (51.6%; 95%CI 43.7-59.4) and a delay to start the physical rehabilitation (average = 67 days). We classified factors associated with access to physical rehabilitation as: (i) unmodifiable individuals in the short term - family income greater than two minimum wages (OR = 3.7), informal worker (OR = 0.11) or unemployed (OR = 0.15) and possession of a private health care plan (OR = 0.07); and (ii) assistance modifiable by service management - written referral for physical rehabilitation (OR = 27.5) and perceived need of physical rehabilitation (OR = 10). CONCLUSIONS: This study found a low and slow access to physical rehabilitation for individuals potentially in need. The associated factors were the organizational processes of health care (health information and referral) and social determinants (income, occupation and private health care plan). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de acesso à reabilitação física para sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em Natal, Nordeste do Brasil, com inquérito telefônico a 155 vítimas de acidentes de trânsito atendidos no hospital de emergência, entre janeiro e agosto de 2013, com diagnóstico de fratura, traumatismo cranioencefálico ou amputação. Os participantes foram identificados no banco de dados do hospital referência para atendimentos de acidentes de trânsito. Calculou-se a estimativa pontual e o intervalo de confiança (IC95%) da porcentagem de acesso e tempo para acesso, além de análise multivariada (regressão logística) entre o acesso (variável dependente) e as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e assistenciais. RESULTADOS: Entre os 155 entrevistados, predominaram jovens e adultos de 15-29 anos (47,7%), sexo masculino (82,6%), escolaridade até o ensino médio (92,3%), renda de até dois salários mínimos (78,0%) e motociclistas (75,5%). Embora 85,8% dos sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito tivessem relatado a necessidade de reabilitação física, houve baixo acesso geral (51,6%; IC95% 43,7-59,4) e demora para início da reabilitação física (média = 67 dias). Os fatores associados ao acesso à reabilitação física classificaram-se em: (i) individuais não modificáveis em curto prazo - renda familiar maior que dois salários mínimos (OR = 3,7), ser trabalhador informal (OR = 0,11) ou desempregado (OR = 0,15) e ter plano privado de saúde (OR = 0,07); e (ii) assistenciais modificáveis pela gestão do serviço - encaminhamento escrito para reabilitação física (OR = 27,5) e necessidade percebida de reabilitação física (OR = 10). CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo encontrou um baixo e demorado acesso à reabilitação física para indivíduos potencialmente necessitados. Os fatores associados foram os processos organizativos dos cuidados em saúde (encaminhamento e informação em saúde) e os determinantes sociais (renda, ocupação e plano privado de saúde).

A qualitative study analyzing access to physical rehabilitation for traffic accident victims with severe disability in Brazil.

Purpose To identify access barriers to physical rehabilitation for traffic accident (TA) victims with severe disability and build a theoretical model to provide guidance towards the improvement of these services. Methods Qualitative research carried out in the city of Natal (Northeast Brazil), with semi-structured interviews with 120 subjects (19 key informer health professionals and 101 TA victims) identified in a database made available by the emergency hospital. The interviews were analyzed using Alceste software, version 4.9. Results The main barriers present in the interviews were: (1) related to services: bureaucratic administrative practises, low offer of rehabilitation services, insufficient information on rehabilitation, lack of guidelines that integrate hospital and ambulatory care and (2) related to patients: financial difficulties, functional limitations, geographic distance, little information on health, association with low education levels and disbelief in the system and in rehabilitation. Conclusion The numerous access barriers were presented in a theoretical model with causes related to organizational structure, processes of care, professionals and patients. This model must be tested by health policy-makers and managers to improve the quality of physical rehabilitation and avoid unnecessary prolongation of the suffering and disability experienced by TA survivors. Implications for rehabilitation Traffic accidents (TAs) are a global health dilemma that demands integrality of preventive actions, pre-hospital and hospital care and physical rehabilitation (PR). This study lays the foundation for improving access to PR for TA survivors, an issue of quality of care that results in preventable disabilities. The words of the patients interviewed reveal the suffering of victims, which is often invisible to society and given low priority by health policies that relegate PR to a second plan ahead of prevention and urgent care. A theoretical model of the causes of the problem of access to PR was built. The identified barriers are potentially preventable through the intervention of health policy-makers, managers, regulators and rehabilitation professionals, and by encouraging the participation of patients. Addressing timely access barriers involves the expansion of the supply of services and rehabilitation professionals, regulation and standardization of referencing practises and encouraging the provision of information to patients about continuity of care and their health needs.

Factors associated with access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents / Fatores associados ao acesso à reabilitação física para vítimas de acidentes de trânsito

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the level of access to physical rehabilitation for survivors of traffic accidents and the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study performed in Natal, Northeastern Brazil, through a telephone survey of 155 victims of traffic accidents admitted to an emergency hospital between January and August of 2013, with a diagnosis of fracture, traumatic brain injury or amputation. Participants were identified in the database of the reference hospital for care of traffic accident victims. We calculated point estimates and confidence interval (95%CI) for the frequency of subjects who had access, in addition to multivariate analysis (logistic regression) between access (dependent variable) and sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance variables. RESULTS Among the 155 respondents, the majority were adolescents and adults between 15–29 years of age (47.7%), men (82.6%), education up to high school (92.3%), income of up to two minimum wages (78.0%) and bikers (75.5%). Although 85.8% of traffic accident survivors reported the need for physical rehabilitation, there was little access (51.6%; 95%CI 43.7–59.4) and a delay to start the physical rehabilitation (average = 67 days). We classified factors associated with access to physical rehabilitation as: (i) unmodifiable individuals in the short term – family income greater than two minimum wages (OR = 3.7), informal worker (OR = 0.11) or unemployed (OR = 0.15) and possession of a private health care plan (OR = 0.07); and (ii) assistance modifiable by service management – written referral for physical rehabilitation (OR = 27.5) and perceived need of physical rehabilitation (OR = 10). CONCLUSIONS This study found a low and slow access to physical rehabilitation for individuals potentially in need. The associated factors were the organizational processes of health care (health information and referral) and social determinants (income, occupation and private health care plan).

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o nível de acesso à reabilitação física para sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal realizado em Natal, Nordeste do Brasil, com inquérito telefônico a 155 vítimas de acidentes de trânsito atendidos no hospital de emergência, entre janeiro e agosto de 2013, com diagnóstico de fratura, traumatismo cranioencefálico ou amputação. Os participantes foram identificados no banco de dados do hospital referência para atendimentos de acidentes de trânsito. Calculou-se a estimativa pontual e o intervalo de confiança (IC95%) da porcentagem de acesso e tempo para acesso, além de análise multivariada (regressão logística) entre o acesso (variável dependente) e as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e assistenciais. RESULTADOS Entre os 155 entrevistados, predominaram jovens e adultos de 15–29 anos (47,7%), sexo masculino (82,6%), escolaridade até o ensino médio (92,3%), renda de até dois salários mínimos (78,0%) e motociclistas (75,5%). Embora 85,8% dos sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito tivessem relatado a necessidade de reabilitação física, houve baixo acesso geral (51,6%; IC95% 43,7–59,4) e demora para início da reabilitação física (média = 67 dias). Os fatores associados ao acesso à reabilitação física classificaram-se em: (i) individuais não modificáveis em curto prazo – renda familiar maior que dois salários mínimos (OR = 3,7), ser trabalhador informal (OR = 0,11) ou desempregado (OR = 0,15) e ter plano privado de saúde (OR = 0,07); e (ii) assistenciais modificáveis pela gestão do serviço – encaminhamento escrito para reabilitação física (OR = 27,5) e necessidade percebida de reabilitação física (OR = 10). CONCLUSÕES Este estudo encontrou um baixo e demorado acesso à reabilitação física para indivíduos potencialmente necessitados. Os fatores associados foram os processos organizativos dos cuidados em saúde (encaminhamento e informação em saúde) e os determinantes sociais (renda, ocupação e plano privado de saúde).

[Semantic and conceptual equivalence of the observable indicatorsof Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument]. / Equivalência semântica, conceitual e de itens do Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument.

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly are an important health care alternative in the world, though Brazil does not yet have a valid instrument to monitor the quality of these institutions. This study sought to describe the initial stages of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality (OIQ) instrument used to assess the quality of care in LTCFs. Conceptual equivalence was conducted to assess the relevance and feasibility of the OIQ within the Brazilian context, using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The operational, idiomatic and semantic equivalence was then performed. This item consisted of 5 phases: (1) two translations; (2) the respective back translations; (3) formal appraisal; (4) review; and (5) application of the pre-test in three LTCFs. Significant changes were made to ensure the validity of the OIQ. The CVI instrument for the Brazilian contextwas 94.3% (viability) and 95.3% (relevance). The OIQ proved to be easy to understand and apply in the pre-test. Cross-cultural adaptation of the OIQ contributes to assessing and improving quality in Brazilian LTCFs, though the findings should be complemented by a psychometric evaluation of the instrument.

Equivalência semântica, conceitual e de itens do Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument / Semantic and conceptual equivalence of the observable indicatorsof Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument

Resumo As Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) são uma importante alternativa de cuidado no mundo, porém o Brasil ainda não dispõe de instrumento válido para monitorar a qualidade dessas instituições. Portanto, o objetivo do presente artigo é descrever as etapas iniciais da adaptação transcultural do Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality Instrument (IOQ) usado para avaliar a qualidade do cuidado nas ILPI. Realizou-se a equivalência conceitual e de itens para avaliar a pertinência e a viabilidade do IOQ à realidade nacional através do Índice de Validade do Conteúdo (IVC). Em seguida, cumpriu-se a equivalência operacional, a idiomática e a semântica. Esta última tem 5 fases: (1) duas traduções e (2) duas respectivas retraduções; (3) apreciação formal; (4) revisão; e (5) aplicação do pré-teste em três ILPI. Modificações importantes foram realizadas para garantir a validade do IOQ. O IVC do instrumento referentes ao contexto brasileiro foi de 94,3% (viabilidade) e 95,3% (relevância). O IOQ mostrou-se compreensível e de fácil aplicação no pré-teste. A adaptação transcultural do IOQ contribui para avaliação e melhoria da qualidade nas ILPI brasileiras, mas os resultados devem ser complementados mediante avaliação psicométrica.

Abstract Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly are an important health care alternative in the world, though Brazil does not yet have a valid instrument to monitor the quality of these institutions. This study sought to describe the initial stages of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Observable Indicators of Nursing Home Care Quality (OIQ) instrument used to assess the quality of care in LTCFs. Conceptual equivalence was conducted to assess the relevance and feasibility of the OIQ within the Brazilian context, using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The operational, idiomatic and semantic equivalence was then performed. This item consisted of 5 phases: (1) two translations; (2) the respective back translations; (3) formal appraisal; (4) review; and (5) application of the pre-test in three LTCFs. Significant changes were made to ensure the validity of the OIQ. The CVI instrument for the Brazilian contextwas 94.3% (viability) and 95.3% (relevance). The OIQ proved to be easy to understand and apply in the pre-test. Cross-cultural adaptation of the OIQ contributes to assessing and improving quality in Brazilian LTCFs, though the findings should be complemented by a psychometric evaluation of the instrument.

Avaliação do acesso aos serviços de reabilitação física para vítimas de acidentes de trânsito: caminhos para melhoria da qualidade do sistema de saúde / Evaluation of access to physical rehabilitation services for victims of traffic accidents: ways to improve the quality of health care

Os serviços de Reabilitação Física (RF) têm importância fundamental no enfrentamento da epidemia global dos Acidentes de Trânsito (AT). Considerando as inúmeras sequelas físicas e sociais dos sobreviventes, problemas de qualidade no acesso à RF constituem um agravo à recuperação das vítimas. Faz-se necessário implementar a gestão da qualidade destes serviços, avaliando dimensões prioritárias e intervindo nos seus fatores determinantes, a fim de garantir RF disponível em tempo e condições oportunas. Objetivou-se identificar barreiras de acesso à RF considerando a percepção das vítimas de AT e dos profissionais de saúde, bem como estimar o acesso à RF e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa de natureza exploratória desenvolvida em Natal/RN com entrevistas semiestruturadas a 19 profissionais de saúde e de inquérito telefônico a 155 vítimas de AT. Para explorar as barreiras de acesso os discursos foram transcritos e analisados com o software Alceste, versão 4.9. Durante as entrevistas utilizou-se a seguinte pergunta norteadora: “Que barreiras dificultam ou impedem o acesso à reabilitação física para vítimas de acidentes de trânsito?”. A denominação das classes e eixos resultantes do Alceste foi realizada por consulta ad hoc a três pesquisadores externos com posterior consenso da denominação mais representativa. Realizou-se análise multivariada da influência das variáveis do acidente, sociodemográficas, clínicas e assistenciais sobre o acesso à RF. As associações que apresentaram p<0,20 na análise bivariada foram submetidas à regressão logística, passo a passo, com p<0,05 e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95%.

As principais barreiras identificadas foram: “Regulação burocrática do acesso”, “Demora para o acesso”, “Não encaminhamento pós-cirurgia” e “Ineficiência dos serviços públicos”. Essas barreiras foram distribuídas em um modelo teórico construído a partir do diagrama de causa-efeito, no qual se observou que o acesso insuficiente à RF é produto das causas associadas à estrutura organizacional, processos de trabalho, profissionais e usuários. Construíram-se dois modelos de regressão: “Acesso geral à RF” e “Acesso ao serviço público de RF”. Obtiveram acesso à RF 51,6% dos usuários, sendo 32,9% na rede pública e 17,9% no serviço privado. O modelo de regressão “Acesso Geral à RF” foi composto pelas variáveis “Renda Familiar” (OR: 3,7), “Trabalhador informal” (OR: 0,11), “Desempregado” (OR: 0,15), “Necessidade percebida de RF” (OR:10,0) e “Encaminhamento para RF” (OR: 27,5). O modelo “Acesso à RF no serviço público” foi representado pelo “Encaminhamento para RF” (OR: 23,0) e “Plano Privado de Saúde” (OR: 0,07). Apesar da conhecida influência dos determinantes sociais sobre o acesso aos serviços de saúde, situação de difícil controle pela gestão pública, este estudo encontrou que os processos organizativos e burocráticos estabelecidos na assistência em saúde determinam sobremaneira o acesso à RF. As falhas no acesso sinalizam a importância do problema, e os fatores associados apontam para intervenções na gestão do cuidado integral, a fim de melhorar a qualidade e o acesso à reabilitação física e evitar prolongamento desnecessário do sofrimento dos sobreviventes da epidemia de AT. (AU)

The Physical Rehabilitation services (PR) are of fundamental importance in combating the global epidemic of Traffic Accidents (TA). Considering the numerous physical and social consequences of the survivors, quality problems in access to PR are a hazard to recovery of victims. It is necessary to improve the management of quality of services, assessing priority dimensions and intervening in their causes, to ensure rehabilitation available in time and suitable conditions. This study aimed to identify barriers to access to rehabilitation considering the perception of TA victims and professionals. The aim is also to estimate the access to rehabilitation and their associated factors. This is a qualitative and quantitative study of exploratory nature developed in Natal / RN with semi-structured interviews with 19 health professionals and telephone survey to 155 victims of traffic accidents. To explore barriers to access the speeches were transcribed and analyzed using the Alceste software (version 4.9). During the interviews used the following guiding question: "What barriers hinder or prevent access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents?". The names of classes and axes resulting from Alceste was performed by ad hoc query to three external researchers with subsequent consensus of the most representative name of analysis. We conducted multivariate analysis of the influence of the variables of the accident, sociodemographic, clinical and assistance on access to rehabilitation. Associations with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were submitted to logistic regression, step by step, with p <0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The main barriers identified were: "Bureaucratic regulation", "Long time to start rehabilitation", "No post-surgery referral" and "inefficiency of public services". These barriers were divided into a theoretical model built from the cause-effect diagram, in which we observed that insufficient access to rehabilitation is the product of causes related to organizational structure, work processes, professional and patients. Was constructed two logistic regression models: "General access to rehabilitation" and "Access to rehabilitation to public service". 51.6% of patients had access to rehabilitation, and 32.9% in public and 17.9% in the private sector. The regression model "General access to rehabilitation" included the variables Income (OR:3.7), Informal Employment (OR:0.11), Unemployment (OR:0.15), Perceived Need for PR (OR:10) and Referral (OR: 27.5). The model "Access to rehabilitation in the public service" was represented by the "Referral to Public Service" (OR: 23.0) and "Private Health Plan" (OR: 0.07). Despite the known influence of social determinants on access to health services, a situation difficult to control by the public administration, this study found that the organizational and bureaucratic procedures established in health care greatly determine access to rehabilitation. Access difficulties show the seriousness of the problem and the factors suggest the need for improvements in comprehensive care for TA survivors and avoid unnecessary prolongation of the suffering of the victims of this epidemic. (AU)

Acesso à reabilitação no pós-avc na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba / Access to rehabilitation after stroke in João Pessoa, Paraíba / Acceso a la rehabilitación en el pos-acv en la ciudadde João Pessoa, Paraíba

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo, repercutindo na funcionalidade dos sobreviventes. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o acesso à reabilitação dos usuários acometidos por AVC no município de João Pessoa (PB). Utilizou-se uma metodologia de corte transversal em população composta por indivíduos acometidos por AVC entre 2006 e 2010, cobertos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto a 140 usuários mediante aplicação de um instrumento formulado pelospesquisadores. Os resultados evidenciam que 67,1% fizeram reabilitação pós-AVC, enquanto 32,9% não tiveram acesso a esse procedimento. Dentre os que tiveram acesso, 67,4% iniciaram a reabilitação logo nos primeiros 6 meses após o acometimento, 40% o fizeram por maior tempono domicilio, 50,5% no centro de reabilitação e 9,5% no hospital. A maioria dos indivíduos teve acesso à reabilitação e predominou o acesso aos centros de reabilitação, porém o atendimento domiciliar permitiu a continuidade do tratamento. Concluiu-se que é necessária a ampliação darede de serviços de reabilitação no município de João Pessoa que viabilizem a realização de uma assistência mais acessível às pessoas com sequela de AVC, dentro de uma perspectiva de processo de trabalho que atenda às necessidades do usuário e do trabalhador em saúde.

The Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, reverberating in the functionality of the survivors. This study aimed to characterize the access to rehabilitation of users affected by stroke in the city of Joao Pessoa. A cross-sectional methodology was used in a population of individuals affected by stroke between 2006 and 2010, covered by the Family Health Strategy. The data collection was conducted among 140 users by applying an instrument formulated by the researches. The results showed that 67.1% did the rehabilitation after the stroke, against 32.9% that did not have the access. Among the ones who had access, 67.4%, started the rehabilitation right after the first 6 months after the onset, 40% did it most of the time at home, 50.5% at the rehabilitation center and 9.5% at the hospital. The majority of the individuals had access to rehabilitation most of them performed at the rehabilitation centers, however, the home care allowed the continuity of treatment. It was concluded that it is necessary to expand the network of rehabilitation services in the city of João Pessoa that enables assistance more accessible to people with stroke sequelae, within a perspective of the work that meets the needs of the users and health workers.

El Accidente Cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, afectando la funcionalidad de los sobrevivientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el acceso a la rehabilitación de los usuarios afectados por el ACV en el municipio de João Pessoa (PB). Fue utilizada una metodología de enfoque transversal, en una población compuesta por personas acometidas por el ACV durante el período de 2006 a 2010, contempladas dentro de la cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. La recolecta de datos fue realizada con 140 usuarios mediante la aplicación de un instrumento formulado por los investigadores. Los resultados mostraron que el 67,1% de los individuos hizo la rehabilitación pos ACV, mientras que el 32,9% no tuvieron acceso a ese procedimiento. Entre los que tuvieron acceso, el 67,4% comenzó la rehabilitación dentro de los primeros seis meses después del evento, el 40% lo hizo en su casa durante más tiempo,el 50,5% lo hizo en el centro de rehabilitación y el 9,5% en el hospital. La mayoría de las personas tuvo acceso a la rehabilitación y prevaleció el acceso a los centros de rehabilitación, sin embargo, la atención domiciliaria permitió la continuidad del tratamiento. Se concluyeque es necesario ampliar la red de servicios de rehabilitación en el municipio de João Pessoa, que permitan la realización de un servicio más accesible a las personas con secuelas de ACV, dentro de una perspectiva del proceso de trabajo que satisfaga las necesidades del usuario y del trabajador en salud.