Fixed-bed study for bone char adsorptive removal of refractory organics from electrodialysis concentrate produced by petroleum refinery.

Water reuse in industrial processes has been an increasing need encouraged in recent years. However, as the streams are recycled, solutes accumulate, thus requiring purification techniques. Membrane processes (reverse osmosis and electrodialysis) have been implemented and in order to increase the reuse of water at its highest level, crystallization has been evaluated to remove salts from the concentrate produced and get a feasible disposal. Nevertheless, contaminants affect the crystallization performance, thus making the removal of residual organics important for both the efficiency of crystallization and the increase of water reuse. In this context, aiming at establishing a sustainable virtuous circle, bone char (0.5-1.4 mm particle size, mesoporous structure) was used to remove refractory organics from an electrodialysis concentrate effluent (C-EDR) from a Brazilian petroleum refinery, at a lab-scale, in a fixed-bed adsorption column. Bone char selectively and partially removed the refractory organics, a complex mixture of long-chain hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, carboxylic acids, amines and amides. The maximum adsorption capacity increased with the increase in bed depth and reduction in flow rate. A maximum removal of 35.60 mg g-1 was achieved for the highest bed depth evaluated (12.9 cm). The breakthrough curves indicated that bone char could adsorb part of the organic compounds from the C-EDR. The scaling up was possible for the C/C0 ratios of 0.55, 0.60 and 0.65, providing a service time at about 16 days for 45% removal efficiency for typical real operational conditions used in the refinery.

Juventude e drogas: uma intervenção sob a perspectiva da psicologia social / Youth and drugs: an intervention from the perspective of social psychology / Juventud y drogas: una intervención desde la psicología social

O presente artigo apresenta uma intervenção que teve como objetivo contribuir para a discussão sobre a prevenção do uso de álcool e outras drogas entre jovens, pautada na promoção integral da saúde e na criação de modos singulares de cuidado. Buscou-se problematizar a prevenção a partir da abordagem crítica da Psicologia Social. As atividades foram realizadas com 33 estudantes, entre 13 e 15 anos, de uma turma do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da cidade de Muriaé-MG e seguiram o delineamento da Pesquisa-Intervenção, sendo desenvolvidas com a realização de oficinas temáticas. Adotou-se como estratégia a redução de danos, que busca diminuir os prejuízos advindos do uso de álcool e outras drogas, sem que a abstinência seja considerada a única saída. Pôde-se perceber que os jovens, quando valorizados por meio de atividades que considerem suas experiências, assumem posicionamento ativo, consciente e político durante as discussões.

The present article presents an intervention that had the purpose to contribute to the discussion about the prejudice of young's alcohol use and another drugs, based on the integral health promotion and on the creation of singular ways of care. It has searched to problematize the prevention, parting from the criticism approach of Social Psychology. The activities were realized with thirty-three students, about thirteen and fifteen years old, from the ninth year of a public school in Muriaé city, in Minas Gerais State and followed the delineate of Intervention search, being developed by the realization of thematic workshops. It was adopted like a strategy the damage reducing that search to decrease the damages from alcohol use and another drugs, without the abstinence be considered the only way out. Was realized that when young's are valued, through activities that consider their experiences, they take active positioning, conscious and political front of the discussions.

Este artículo presenta una intervención que tuvo el propósito de contribuir a la discusión sobre la prevención de alcohol y otras drogas entre los jóvenes, sobre la base de la promoción de la salud en general y la creación de modos peculiares de cuidado. Tratamos de discutir y proponer reflexiones sobre la prevención con el apoyo teórico de la psicología social crítica. Las actividades se llevaron a cabo con 33 estudiantes en el noveno grado de una escuela pública en Muriaé-MG, entre 13 y 15 años de edad, por el método de la investigación-acción con el desarrollo de talleres temáticos. Hemos adoptado una estrategia de reducción de daños, cuyo objetivo es reducir las pérdidas causadas por el alcohol y otras drogas sin que la abstinencia la única opción a considerar. Se puede observar que cuando se anima a los jóvenes a través de actividades que ponen de relieve sus experiencias, toman un papel activo en los debates conscientes y políticas.