RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the food and physical activity environments in Brazilian public and private schools, and develop indicators to evaluate them. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from a questionnaire on school characteristics of the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, answered by principals or coordinators, referring to 3040 public and private schools throughout the country. The variables related to food and physical activity environments were described in isolation, and an indicator was developed for each environment, with scores ranging from 0 to 100. The frequency and mean score of each variable were described according to the administrative sphere (public or private). RESULTS: The public sector showed a predominance of school meals offer (97.8%), whereas the private sector, of canteens (89.8%). Both had a similar frequency of alternative food outlets in the surroundings. Private schools provided all markers of healthy and unhealthy eating in canteens more frequently. Public schools scored higher in "Food and beverage availability" (64.9) than private schools (55.8). The characteristics of physical activity environments showed that sports courts and sports or games equipment were common in public (69.2% and 90.7%, respectively) and private schools (94.1% and 99.8%, respectively), though at a significantly higher frequency in the second group. Private schools scored higher in "Structures and materials availability" than public schools (63.3 and 41.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Public schools provide a more favorable food environment, whereas private schools, a physical activity environment.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , RefeiçõesRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the food and physical activity environments in Brazilian public and private schools, and develop indicators to evaluate them. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from a questionnaire on school characteristics of the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, answered by principals or coordinators, referring to 3040 public and private schools throughout the country. The variables related to food and physical activity environments were described in isolation, and an indicator was developed for each environment, with scores ranging from 0 to 100. The frequency and mean score of each variable were described according to the administrative sphere (public or private). RESULTS The public sector showed a predominance of school meals offer (97.8%), whereas the private sector, of canteens (89.8%). Both had a similar frequency of alternative food outlets in the surroundings. Private schools provided all markers of healthy and unhealthy eating in canteens more frequently. Public schools scored higher in "Food and beverage availability" (64.9) than private schools (55.8). The characteristics of physical activity environments showed that sports courts and sports or games equipment were common in public (69.2% and 90.7%, respectively) and private schools (94.1% and 99.8%, respectively), though at a significantly higher frequency in the second group. Private schools scored higher in "Structures and materials availability" than public schools (63.3 and 41.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Public schools provide a more favorable food environment, whereas private schools, a physical activity environment.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar o ambiente alimentar e o ambiente para a prática de atividade física em escolas brasileiras públicas e privadas, bem como desenvolver indicadores-síntese de avaliação desses ambientes. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, realizado com dados oriundos de questionário sobre características da escola da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015 respondido pelo diretor ou responsável pelas escolas, referentes a 3.040 escolas públicas e privadas de todo o território nacional. As variáveis relacionadas aos ambientes alimentar e de prática de atividades físicas foram descritas isoladamente e, adicionalmente, foi desenvolvido um indicador-síntese para cada um dos ambientes, com pontuação variando de 0 a 100. A frequência de cada variável e a pontuação média dos escores foi descrita segundo a esfera administrativa (pública ou privada). RESULTADO A oferta de alimentação escolar foi predominante na rede pública (97,8%) e a presença de cantinas na rede privada (89,8%). A presença de pontos alternativos de venda foi similar nas duas esferas. A disponibilidade de todos os marcadores de alimentação saudável e não saudável nas cantinas foi mais frequente nas escolas privadas. A pontuação do escore "Disponibilidade de alimentos e bebidas" foi maior para as escolas públicas (64,9), comparada à das privadas (55,8). A caraterização do ambiente para a prática de atividade física mostrou que a presença de quadra de esporte e de material esportivo foi frequente em escolas públicas (69,2% e 90,7%, respectivamente) e em escolas privadas (94,1% e 99,8%, respectivamente), ainda que em frequência significativamente maior no segundo grupo. A pontuação do escore "Disponibilidade de estruturas e materiais" foi maior entre escolas privadas do que entre as públicas (63,3 e 41,6, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES O ambiente alimentar de escolas públicas foi mais favorável à promoção da alimentação saudável que o de escolas privadas, sendo que o oposto foi verificado para o ambiente para a prática de atividade física.