Descriptive Epidemiology of Odontogenic Tumors in Nigeria: An African Oral Pathology Research Consortium Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have investigated the burden of odontogenic tumor (OT) in Nigeria; however, the true burden and prevalence of these lesions are not known because these studies are based on a center/region. AIMS: Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the true burden of OTs in Nigeria, using a multicenter approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study of OT seen in eight tertiary health institutions in different geographic locations in Nigeria. RESULTS: A total of 990 cases were included in this study. The highest prevalence of OT was in the third decade of life (n = 274, 27.7%). Most lesions were benign (n = 961, 97.1%), with a slight male preponderance; and the mandible was the commonest site (n = 814, 82.2%). There were a significant association between the diagnosed OTs and the age group and site (P = 0.002 and 0.031, respectively). CONCLUSION: OTs showed a slightly higher preponderance in males, occurring mostly in the third decade. Benign lesions were frequent and ameloblastoma was the commonest OT. Variations exist in the occurrence of OTs from the different geographic locations in Nigeria. This study essentially sheds a broader light on the clinicopathological distribution of OTs across Nigeria, using a large multicenter approach.

Giant Cell Lesions of the Jaws:A Review and Comparative Histopathological Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Giant cell lesions (GCLs) are rare lesions which prominently feature multinucleated giant cells in their histology. They include central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), giant cell tumour of bone (GCT), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), Cherubism (CHB), e.t.c. This study reviewed the clinico-demographic parameters of GCLs of the jaws and assessed the giant cells. METHODS: This was a retrospective study examining the histopathology records of which part of the body of two tertiary institutions. All entries of cases diagnosed as GCLs were retrieved and data were extracted. Also, the giant cells in tissue sections were assessed. Data were analysed using SPSS Inc. version 20 while Chi square test was used to test for association. This was considered significant quand p < 0.05. RESULTS: Over the study period, 2,862 biopsy reports were reviewed. GCLs constituted 48(1.7%) and M: F ratio was 1:1.6 while majority occurred in the 2nd and 3rd decades. The mandible was the most common site recording 27(56.3%) cases and CGCG was the most frequently diagnosed GCL constituting 22(45.8%). Assessment of the giant cells revealed CGCG had predominantly large giant cells, a dense dispersal of giant cells and irregularly shaped giant cells, while CHB mainly had large giant cells with dense dispersal, but round shaped giant cells. CONCLUSION: GCLs are rare lesions commonly seen in females in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life with preference for the mandible. CGCG was the most commonly encountered lesion, while the giant cells in CGCG and CHB were similar in size as well as dispersal.

Oral mucosal melanoma in four Nigerian teaching hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is a malignant lesion of melanocytes of oral epithelium. The prevalence in four Nigerian teaching hospitals is reported. AIMS: This study shows the hospital based prevalence and the clinicopathologic features of OMM in four Nigerian teaching hospitals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with OMM in four teaching hospitals in Nigeria was carried out. All records of patients with orofacial lesions from 1969 to 2016 were identified and retrieved from the archives of four oral pathology departments. The biodata and relevant clinicopathologic information of those diagnosed with OMM were reviewed. Data analysis was done with SPSS for Windows, version 20. RESULTS: There were 10,877 orofacial lesions managed during the period. Oral malignant lesions constituted 14.4% (1,552/10,877). OMM was diagnosed in ten patients with prevalences of 0.09% and 0.6% of all orofacial lesions and oral malignancies, respectively. There was a male predilection of 4:1 and a mean age of occurrence of 53.8 (±12.6) years. The palate was the most frequent site, 40.0% (4/10). Regional lymph nodes were hard, fixed, or matted in 50.0% (5/10) of patients and distant metastases observed in 20.0% (2/10). Among those followed up, only one was documented alive after 6 months. Amelanotic OMM, 20.0% (2/10) did not show ulceration or regional and distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: OMM has a low prevalence but with poor prognosis. Amelanotic OMM showed less clinical aggression. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are recommended.

Focal Reactive lesions of the Gingiva: An Analysis of 314 cases at a tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of focal reactive gingival lesions at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: A retrospective review of cases of different focal reactive gingival lesions from the records of the Departments of the Oral Biology/Oral Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between 1970 and 2008 was carried out. Available clinical data regarding age, gender, location, estimated duration of the lesion and treatment modality were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence rate of focal reactive gingival lesions was 5.6%. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) was the most common lesions constituting 57% of the cases. Seventeen (9.5%) of the 179 cases of PG were pregnancy induced pyogenic granuloma. The female-to-male ratio was 1.7:1. All the 4 lesions occurred more in female patients than males. The mean age of patients at presentation was 30 ± 16.5 years. The lesions were commonly seen in the second and third decade of life and least commonly seen above the age of 60 years. The lesions were equally distributed on the maxillary and mandibular gingivae, and were mostly located on the buccal gingival of the jaws. Most (51.6%) of the lesions occurred in incisors/canine region. Recurrence of the lesions was seen in 9 cases (2.9%), all pyogenic granuloma. CONCLUSION: Focal reactive gingival lesions are relatively uncommon lesions of the oral cavity with a prevalence rate of 5.6%. The lesions occurred commonly in females, and in third decades of life. Pyogenic granuloma was the most common lesions constituting 57% of all cases.