Newborn heart rate monitoring methods at birth and clinical outcomes: A systematic review.

Aim: Compare heart rate assessment methods in the delivery room on newborn clinical outcomes. Methods: A search of Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Cochrane was conducted between January 1, 1946, to until August 16, 2023. (CRD 42021283438) Study Selection was based on predetermined criteria. Reviewers independently extracted data, appraised risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence. Results: Two randomized controlled trials involving 91 newborns and 1 nonrandomized study involving 632 newborns comparing electrocardiogram (ECG) to auscultation plus pulse oximetry were included. No studies were found that compared any other heart rate measurement methods and reported clinical outcomes. There was no difference between the ECG and control group for duration of positive pressure ventilation, time to heart rate ≥ 100 beats per minute, epinephrine use or death before discharge. In the randomized studies, there was no difference in rate of tracheal intubation [RR 1.34, 95% CI (0.69-2.59)]. No participants received chest compressions. In the nonrandomized study, fewer infants were intubated in the ECG group [RR 0.75, 95% CI (0.62-0.90)]; however, for chest compressions, benefit or harm could not be excluded. [RR 2.14, 95% (CI 0.98-4.70)]. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to ascertain clinical benefits or harms associated with the use of ECG versus pulse oximetry plus auscultation for heart rate assessment in newborns in the delivery room.

Estimating regional and national cancer incidence in Uganda: a retrospective population-based study, 2013-2017.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is becoming a major health problem in Uganda. Cancer control requires accurate estimates of the cancer burden for planning and monitoring of the cancer control strategies. However, cancer estimates and trends for Uganda are mainly based on one population-based cancer registry (PBCR), located in Kampala, the capital city, due to a lack of PBCRs in other regions. This study aimed at estimating cancer incidence among the geographical regions and providing national estimates of cancer incidence in Uganda. METHODS: A retrospective study, using a catchment population approach, was conducted from June 2019 to February 2020. The study registered all newly diagnosed cancer cases, in the period of 2013 to 2017, among three geographical regions: Central, Western and Eastern regions. Utilizing regions as strata, stratified random sampling was used to select the study populations. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-0-03). Data was analysed using CanReg5 and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: 11598 cases (5157 males and 6441 females) were recorded. The overall national age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were 82.9 and 87.4 per 100,000 people in males and females respectively. The regional ASIRs were: 125.4 per 100,000 in males and 134.6 per 100,000 in females in central region; 58.2 per 100,000 in males and 56.5 per 100,000 in females in Western region; and 46.5 per 100,000 in males and 53.7 per 100,000 in females in Eastern region. Overall, the most common cancers in males over the study period were cancers of the prostate, oesophagus, Kaposi's sarcoma, stomach and liver. In females, the most frequent cancers were: cervix, breast, oesophagus, Kaposi's sarcoma and stomach. CONCLUSION: The overall cancer incidence rates from this study are different from the documented national estimates for Uganda. This emphasises the need to enhance the current methodologies for describing the country's cancer burden. Studies like this one are critical in enhancing the cancer surveillance system by estimating regional and national cancer incidence and allowing for the planning and monitoring of evidence-based cancer control strategies at all levels.

A Bibliometric Analysis on Adherence to Reporting Standards for Endovascular Treatment of Chronic Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) involves a broad spectrum of therapies including many new and emerging techniques. To standardize the results of studies examining this pathology and to allow critical analysis and comparison between studies, the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) recommended reporting standard guidelines for the endovascular management of CLTI in 2016. Research studies that do not adhere to complete reporting standards are often more ambiguous in impact and external validity, leading to bias and misinformation that has potentially damaging effects on clinical decision-making. We thus sought to examine adherence to and factors associated with noncompliance with these recommended guidelines. METHODS: A literature database search was conducted to include all clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and retrospective comparative studies written in English examining the endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD)/CLTI from January 2020 to August 2022. Systematic reviews, case reports, and meta-analysis were excluded. The manuscripts were reviewed for adherence with the SVS guidelines (overall and by guideline subcategories based on demographics, treatment methods, and outcomes), and factors associated with this adherence were determined. These data were used to calculate descriptive and comparative statistics. RESULTS: Fifty-four manuscripts were identified from this time frame. On average, articles reviewed reported on 42.0% of the SVS reporting standards (range, 25.0-65.2%, Fig 1) with 74.1% of articles (n = 40) not adhering to at least 50.0% of the standards. Manuscripts most completely followed guidelines regarding "patient factors" and were least likely to demonstrate adherence to the description of CLTI and study complications. Within the guideline subcategories, complete adherence to guidelines was not demonstrated in any manuscript in stent trials, disease outcome measures, technical outcome measures, patient factors and critical limb ischemia description, and complete adherence rates within the other subcategories was low (range, 5.6-18.6%). Studies conducted within the United States and those with industry sponsorship were more likely to adhere to >50% of the reporting standards (P < 0.05). Journal impact factor, year of publication, and number of authors had no correlation to the percent adherence to guidelines in specific categories or adherence overall. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to reporting standard guidelines for endovascular treatment of lower extremity PAD specifically outlined by the SVS is suboptimal regardless of the quality of the journal the research is published in. Increasing adherence to reporting standards to provide a framework for comparison of studies across techniques used should be prioritized by authors, journal editors, and vascular societies.

Fast and accurate newborn heart rate monitoring at birth: A systematic review.

Aim: To examine speed and accuracy of newborn heart rate measurement by various assessment methods employed at birth. Methods: A search of Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Cochrane was conducted between January 1, 1946, to until August 16, 2023. (CRD 42021283364) Study selection was based on predetermined criteria. Reviewers independently extracted data, appraised risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence. Results: Pulse oximetry is slower and less precise than ECG for heart rate assessment. Both auscultation and palpation are imprecise for heart rate assessment. Other devices such as digital stethoscope, Doppler ultrasound, an ECG device using dry electrodes incorporated in a belt, photoplethysmography and electromyography are studied in small numbers of newborns and data are not available for extremely preterm or bradycardic newborns receiving resuscitation. Digital stethoscope is fast and accurate. Doppler ultrasound and dry electrode ECG in a belt are fast, accurate and precise when compared to conventional ECG with gel adhesive electrodes. Limitations: Certainty of evidence was low or very low for most comparisons. Conclusion: If resources permit, ECG should be used for fast and accurate heart rate assessment at birth. Pulse oximetry and auscultation may be reasonable alternatives but have limitations. Digital stethoscope, doppler ultrasound and dry electrode ECG show promise but need further study.

Crossbow Injuries: Predictors of Mortality.

INTRODUCTION: Crossbow injuries are rare but carry significant morbidity and mortality, and there is limited evidence in the medical literature to guide care. This paper reviews the case reports and case series of crossbow injuries and looks for trends regarding morbidity and mortality based on the type of arrow, anatomic location of injury, and intent of injury. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for cases of crossbow injuries and data were abstracted into a spreadsheet. Statistics were done in SPSS. RESULTS: 358 manuscripts were returned in the search. After deduplication and removal of nonclinical articles, 101 manuscripts remained. Seventy-one articles describing 90 incidents met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 36.5 years. There were 10 female and 79 male victims. Fatality was 36% for injuries by field tip arrows and 71% for broadhead arrows, p = .024. Assaults were fatal in 84% of cases, suicides in 29%, and accidental injuries in 17%, p < .001. Mortality was similar for wounds to the head and neck (41%), chest (42%), abdomen (33%), extremities (50%), and multiple regions, p = .618. CONCLUSIONS: Crossbows are potentially lethal weapons sold with fewer restrictions than firearms. Injuries caused by broadhead arrows are more likely to be fatal than injuries from field tip arrows. The anatomic location of injury does not correlate with fatality. More than half of crossbow injuries are due to attempted suicide, with a high case-fatality rate.

Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of the Use of Chemotherapy Alone.

Introduction. Childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is often curable, but in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), access to standard treatments like combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of using chemotherapy alone for children with HL in SSA. Methods. We searched Medline, Embase, Cinahl Plus and Cochrane Central databases for records of studies that evaluated childhood HL survival outcomes from January 2000 to December 2022. Results. Six observational studies were identified for inclusion, and 3 were included in the meta-analysis. Most HL cases included in the analysis presented with lymphadenopathy and the nodular sclerosing subtype, with a high percentage (80%) in advanced stages. The GRADE certainty of the evidence for the assessed outcomes was rated as very low. Overall survival with chemotherapy was 67.8% (95% CI: 42.1%-88.8%). Conclusion. Chemotherapy is a potential treatment choice for childhood HL in SSA. However, it is crucial to approach this option cautiously due to the limited certainty of the supporting evidence. To improve outcomes for affected children in SSA, more robust studies are needed, along with a focus on early detection and supportive care.

Identifying indicators for the evaluation of community interventions and initiatives in a multi-site public health programme.

INTRODUCTION: Measuring success of community-level programmes and interventions is important, and indicators can provide valuable information to achieve this. However, identifying appropriate indicators can be challenging. Indicators can be identified by official local stakeholders such as local authorities, but involving communities can add value and trust to the project, with community involvement likely to improve programme sustainability. METHODS: As part of the evaluation of multi-site community initiatives, we used local health profiles to identify core indicators that overlapped sites. In addition, we engaged with members of the community during a pilot data collection training day to identify issues they identified as important for measuring health and well-being locally. RESULTS: A total of 313 indicators were identified from local profiles, with 31 indicators meeting inclusion criteria. The community identified 26 issues, collated into eight categories, only three of which were identified in core indicators. Tools were sourced or created for the other community-identified categories. DISCUSSION: The methodology identified validated indicators comparable across all sites, based on local health profiles. It also identified tools for measuring issues identified by members of the community. The exercise demonstrated disconnect between priorities of official bodies, researchers and communities, indicating multiple approaches should be considered when evaluating community initiatives.

Journals accepting case reports.

Background: Few resources exist to support finding journals that accept case reports by specialty. In 2016, Katherine Akers compiled a list of 160 journals that accepted case reports, which many librarians continue to use 7 years later. Because journals' editorial policies and submission guidelines evolve, finding publication venues for case reports poses a dynamic problem, consisting of reviewing a journal's author guidelines to determine if the journal accepts case report manuscripts. This project aimed to create a more up to date and extensive list of journals that currently accept case reports. Case Presentation: 1,874 journal titles were downloaded from PubMed. The team reviewed each journal and identified journal titles that accept case reports. Additional inclusion factors included being indexed in MEDLINE, accessible on the internet, and accepting and publishing English language submissions. Discussion: The new journal list includes 1,028 journals covering 129 specialties and is available on the Open Science Framework public page.

Estimating cancer incidence in Uganda: a feasibility study for periodic cancer surveillance research in resource limited settings.

BACKGROUND: Population based cancer registries (PBCRs) are accepted as the gold standard for estimating cancer incidence in any population. However, only 15% of the world's population is covered by high quality cancer registries with coverage as low as 1.9% in settings such as Africa. This study was conducted to assess the operational feasibility of estimating cancer incidence using a retrospective "catchment population" approach in Uganda. METHODS: A retrospective population study was conducted in 2018 to identify all newly diagnosed cancer cases between 2013 and 2017 in Mbarara district. Data were extracted from the medical records of health facilities within Mbarara and from national and regional centres that provide cancer care services. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-0-03). Data was analysed using CanReg5 and Excel. RESULTS: We sought to collect data from 30 health facilities serving Mbarara district, southwestern Uganda. Twenty-eight sources (93%) provided approval within the set period of two months. Among the twenty-eight sources, two were excluded, as they did not record addresses for cancer cases, leaving 26 sources (87%) valid for data collection. While 13% of the sources charged a fee, ranging from $30 to $100, administrative clearance and approval was at no cost in most (87%) data sources. This study registered 1,258 new cancer cases in Mbarara district. Of the registered cases, 65.4% had a morphologically verified diagnosis indicating relatively good quality of data. The Age-Standardised Incidence Rates for all cancers combined were 109.9 and 91.9 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. In males, the most commonly diagnosed cancers were prostate, oesophagus, stomach, Kaposi's sarcoma and liver. In females, the most common malignancies were cervix uteri, breast, stomach, liver and ovary. Approximately, 1 in 8 males and 1 in 10 females would develop cancer in Mbarara before the age of 75 years. CONCLUSION: Estimating cancer incidence using a retrospective cohort design and a "catchment population approach" is feasible in Uganda. Periodic studies using this approach are potentially a precious resource for producing quality cancer data in settings where PBCRs are scarce. This could supplement PBCR data to provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of the cancer burden over time, facilitating the direction of cancer control efforts in resource-limited countries.

Prevalence, trends and distribution of lifestyle cancer risk factors in Uganda: a 20-year systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is becoming an important public health problem in Uganda. Cancer control requires surveillance of lifestyle risk factors to inform targeted interventions. However, only one national Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) risk factor survey has been conducted in Uganda. This review assessed the prevalence, trends and distribution of lifestyle risk factors in Uganda. METHODS: The review identified studies up to January 2019 by searching Medline, Embase, CINAL and Cochrane databases. Further literature was identified from relevant websites and journals; scanning reference lists of relevant articles; and citation searching using Google Scholar. To be eligible, studies had to have been conducted in Uganda, and report prevalence estimates for at least one lifestyle cancer risk factor. Narrative and systematic synthesis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were included in the review. Overall, unhealthy diet (88%) was the most prevalent lifestyle risk factor for both males and females. This was followed by harmful use of alcohol (range of 14.3% to 26%) for men, and being overweight (range of 9% to 24%) for women. Tobacco use (range of 0.8% to 10.1%) and physical inactivity (range of 3.7% to 4.9%) were shown to be relatively less prevalent in Uganda. Tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol were more common in males and more prevalent in Northern region, while being overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) and physical inactivity were more common in females and more prevalent in Central region. Tobacco use was more prevalent among the rural populations compared to urban, while physical inactivity and being overweight were more common in urban than in rural settings. Tobacco use has decreased overtime, while being overweight increased in all regions and for both sexes. CONCLUSION: There is limited data about lifestyle risk factors in Uganda. Apart from tobacco use, other lifestyle risk factors seem to be increasing and there is variation in the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors among the different populations in Uganda. Prevention of lifestyle cancer risk factors requires targeted interventions and a multi-sectoral approach. Most importantly, improving the availability, measurement and comparability of cancer risk factor data should be a top priority for future research in Uganda and other low-resource settings.

DNA Gyrase as a Target for Quinolones.

Bacterial DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils to DNA substrates and is a clinically-relevant target for the development of new antibacterials. DNA gyrase is one of the primary targets of quinolones, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and are used as a first-line drug for various types of infections. However, currently used quinolones are becoming less effective due to drug resistance. Common resistance comes in the form of mutation in enzyme targets, with this type being the most clinically relevant. Additional mechanisms, conducive to quinolone resistance, are arbitrated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid-gene uptake that can alter quinolone cellular concentration and interaction with the target, or affect drug metabolism. Significant synthetic strategies have been employed to modify the quinolone scaffold and/or develop novel quinolones to overcome the resistance problem. This review discusses the development of quinolone antibiotics targeting DNA gyrase to overcome bacterial resistance and reduce toxicity. Moreover, structural activity relationship (SAR) data included in this review could be useful for the development of future generations of quinolone antibiotics.

Feasibility study of brief Group Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Treatment delivered via Zoom for anxiety and depression in primary care.

AIM: To report the feasibility of delivering and the effectiveness of brief Group Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TCBT) via Zoom for anxiety and/or depression in primary care. METHODS: Participants were eligible for this open-label study if their primary care clinician recommended brief psychological intervention for clinically diagnosed anxiety and/or depression. Group TCBT included an individual assessment followed by four x 2-hour manualised therapy sessions. Primary outcome measures assessed recruitment, adherence to treatment and reliable recovery measured using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. RESULTS: Twenty-two participants received TCBT over three groups. Recruitment and adherence to TCBT met feasibility thresholds for delivering group TCBT via Zoom. Improvements in the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and reliable recovery were present 3 and 6 months following treatment commencement. CONCLUSION: Brief TCBT delivered using Zoom is a feasible treatment for anxiety and depression diagnosed in primary care. Definitive RCTs are required to provide confirmatory evidence of efficacy for brief group TCBT in this setting.

A Full Systematic Review on the Effects of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Mental Health Symptoms in Child Refugees.

Global conflict in 2019 created record numbers of displaced children. These children have experienced multiple traumas and subsequently suffer high levels of mental health symptoms. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is commonly used for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, however the current evidence-base of CBT in child refugees is sparse, with mixed results. This study aimed to assess the effects of CBT on symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety in child refugees/AS. Ethics were reviewed and granted by the University of Manchester ethics committee. Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched. Studies were included if CBT was delivered to refugee/AS children with pre and post-intervention measures of symptoms. Sixteen studies fulfilled criteria. In all studies, mental health symptom scores post-intervention had reduced, suggesting an improvement in mental health following CBT. This reduction was statistically significant in twelve studies (p < 0.001-0.5), clinically significant in eight studies and maintained at follow-up periods. No adverse effects of CBT were identified. This is the first systematic review to focus solely on CBT in child refugee populations, with unanimously positive results. Its use is cautiously recommended, however the need for more methodologically rigorous studies in this population is highlighted.

A Novel Partnership Between Physicians and Medical Librarians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

An ongoing collaboration between physicians and librarians provided critical information during the COVID-19 pandemic. A development team, which consisted of the hospital and medical school disaster preparedness medical director, the medical library director, professional librarians, and the Departments of IT and Marketing in a multi-state healthcare system worked together to develop a shared website to distribute and curate timely resources during COVID-19. The initial impacts of this collaboration and the website show the benefits of this novel partnership.

Why are they not accessing it? User barriers to clinical information access.

The Medical Library Association's InSight Initiative provides an open and collaborative environment for library and industry partners to discuss vexing problems and find solutions to better serve their users. The initiative's fifth summit, continuing work from the previous summit, focused on understanding how users discover and access information in the clinical environment. During the summit, participants were divided into working groups and encouraged to create a tangible product as a result of their discussions. At the end of the summit, participants established a framework for understanding users' pain points, discussed possible solutions to those points, and received feedback on their work from an End User Advisory Board comprising physicians, clinical researchers, and clinical faculty in biomedicine. In addition to the pain point framework, participants are developing MLA InSight Initiative Learning content with modules to educate librarians and publishers about critical aspects of user behavior. The 2020 Insight Initiative Fall Forum will serve as a virtual home for constructive dialogue between health sciences librarians and publishers on improving discovery and access to information.

A Web-Based Game for Young Adolescents to Improve Parental Communication and Prevent Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (The Secret of Seven Stones): Development and Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND: Early adolescent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention are significant public health challenges in the United States. Parental influence can help adolescents make responsible and informed sexual health decisions toward delayed sexual debut; yet parents often feel ill equipped to communicate about sex-related topics. Intergenerational games offer a potential strategy to provide life skills training to young adolescents (aged 11-14 years) while engaging them and their parents in communication about sexual health. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the development of a web-based online sexual health intergenerational adventure game, the Secret of Seven Stones (SSS), using an intervention mapping (IM) approach for developing theory- and evidence-based interventions. METHODS: We followed the IM development steps to describe a theoretical and empirical model for young adolescent sexual health behavior, define target behaviors and change objectives, identify theory-based methods and practical applications to inform design and function, develop and test a prototype of 2 game levels to assess feasibility before developing the complete 18-level game, draft an implementation plan that includes a commercial dissemination strategy, and draft an evaluation plan including a study design for a randomized controlled trial efficacy trial of SSS. RESULTS: SSS comprised an adventure game for young adolescent skills training delivered via a desktop computer, a text-based notification system to provide progress updates for parents and cues to initiate dialogue with their 11- to 14-year-old child, and a website for parent skills training and progress monitoring. Formative prototype testing demonstrated feasibility for in-home use and positive usability ratings. CONCLUSIONS: The SSS intergenerational game provides a unique addition to the limited cadre of home-based programs that facilitate parent involvement in influencing young adolescent behaviors and reducing adolescent sexual risk taking. The IM framework provided a logical and thorough approach to development and testing, attentive to the need for theoretical and empirical foundations in serious games for health.

The impact of a volunteer-led community cancer awareness programme on knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms, screening, and barriers to seeking help.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact of a community cancer awareness programme on knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms, screening, and barriers to seeking help. METHODS: Personalised information through peer-led champions was delivered to 5500 people in a range of settings and Cancer Awareness Measures questionnaires were completed by 119 participants at pre-arranged sessions (convenience sampling) before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using McNemar tests, Mann-Whitney U test and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. RESULTS: Data showed increase in knowledge after the intervention for cancer screening programmes (p < 0.05), recognition of warning signs for cancer (p < 0.05), and recognition of risk factors for cancer in seven of the eleven options (p < 0.001). Results suggest a decrease in perception of barriers to seeking help (p < 0.05). The intervention had a stronger impact on recognition of cancer symptoms for people who have been affected by cancer (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The Cancer Awareness Measures questionnaire proved an effective tool for evaluation and awareness improved after the intervention amongst those who completed it. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Enhancing the perceived personal relevance of information to those with experience of cancer may improve information processing and retention. The study highlights cancer awareness gaps among the public for future intervention development.

To Really Know the Disease: Creating a Participatory Community Education Workshop about Taenia solium Focused on Physical, Economic, and Epidemiologic Evidence.

Cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium, is a neglected disease that causes preventable epilepsy. We conducted an experiential learning workshop in northern Peru to educate community members on T. solium transmission and motivate participation in community-led prevention and control. The workshop included presentation of local economic and epidemiologic data, followed by hands-on participation in pig dissection, group discussion of the T. solium life cycle, and viewing of eggs and nascent tapeworms with light microscopes. Among heads of household, we used community survey data to compare knowledge of the three-stage parasite life cycle at baseline and 2 months postworkshop. Knowledge of the life cycle increased significantly after the workshop, with greater gains for workshop attendees than non-attendees. Prior knowledge and workshop attendance were significant predictors of postworkshop knowledge. The use of local evidence and experiential learning positively affected knowledge of T. solium transmission, laying the foundation for subsequent community-engaged control efforts.

Evaluating Urban Taeniasis as a Threat to Cysticercosis Elimination in Northern Peru.

Reintroduction of Taenia solium into a region in Peru where it had been eliminated prompted evaluation of the possibility of reintroduction from an urban reservoir of taeniasis. In a cross-sectional study of an adjacent urban area, we found low prevalence of taeniasis (4/1,621; 0.25%), suggesting minimal risk of parasite reintroduction into rural areas through this route.

Barriers to Participation in a Community-Based Program to Control Transmission of Taenia solium in Peru.

Infection of the brain with Taenia solium larvae (neurocysticercosis) is a leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. Effective and sustainable strategies to control parasite transmission in rural endemic communities are needed to prevent the disease. Surveillance and targeted intervention around infected pigs (ring control strategy) have been shown to be effective when carried out by research teams. However, this strategy has not been implemented or tested as a community-based program. In this small trial in northern Peru, eight villages were randomly assigned to community-led surveillance and treatment (five villages, 997 residents) or control (three villages, 1,192 residents). In intervention villages, community-led surveillance and reporting were promoted by community health workers, radio advertisement, and school and household education. Each suspected pig infection was verified, with confirmed cases resulting in treatment with niclosamide for taeniasis and oxfendazole for pigs in clusters of homes nearby. No incentives beyond human and pig treatment were offered. Control villages received basic disease education but no treatment intervention in response to reports. Despite 14 case reports, community-based replication of ring control strategy did not replicate prior results. After 12 months, there was no change in seroincidence in intervention villages between the baseline and study end, and no difference compared with control villages. There was no difference in prevalence of taeniasis or porcine cysticercosis at study end. Community members described lack of knowledge as the main reason for not reporting infected pigs. Further exploration of methods to transfer ring strategy and other control interventions for cysticercosis to the community is needed.