Design and synthesis of novel N-[3-(benzimidazol-2-ylamino)phenyl]amine and N-[3-(benzoxazol-2-ylamino)phenyl]amine derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

In this contribution, we report the design, synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of a series of N-[3-(benzimidazol-2-yl-amino)phenyl]amine and N-[3-(benzoxazol-2-ylamino)phenyl]amine derivatives. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of 26 selected compounds was carried out at National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. Out of them, compounds 10e (NSC D-762842/1) and 11s (NSC D-764942/1) have shown remarkable cytotoxicity with GI50 values ranging between "0.589-14.3 µM" and "0.276-12.3 µM," respectively, in the representative nine subpanels of human tumor cell lines. Further, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that compound 10e exerted cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and showed dose-dependent enhancement in apoptosis in K-562 leukemia cancer cells.

Comparison of provision of maxillofacial emergency service during the two COVID-19 national lockdowns in the United Kingdom.

We previously published a study on the provision of emergency maxillofacial services during the first UK COVID-19 pandemic national lockdown. We repeated the study during the second lockdown and now present our findings that highlight the main differences and learning issues as the services have evolved.

Lipoma of the temporal region: a rare case series.

Lipomas are common benign tumours that can occur in most parts of the body. Lipomas arising from the deep temporal fat pad, found between the two layers of the deep temporal fascia, are rare, however; there has been only one documented case report to our knowledge. We describe a second case arising from the temporal fat pad in a patient treated at our unit, having previously reported the first one, and discuss the relevant anatomy and management.

Provision of Emergency Maxillofacial Service During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Collaborative Five Centre UK Study.

The global pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents one of the greatest challenges to healthcare systems, and has forced medical specialties to rapidly adapt their approaches to patient care. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is considered particularly at risk of disease transmission due to aerosol generation during surgical interventions, patient proximity and operating environment. On day 2 (26th March, 2020) of when severe restrictions in population movement were instigated in the United Kingdom, we began a study to prospectively monitor the presentation and management of maxillofacial emergencies at five hospital trusts. Data was collected onto an online live database fed through a smartphone application. Of the total 529 patients over six weeks, 395 attended for face-to-face consultations and 134 patients received remote consultations via telephone or video link. There were 255 trauma related cases, 221 infection and 48 cases of postoperative complications. Most trauma cases were minor soft tissue injury related to slip, trip or fall at home. There were 44 cases of facial fractures with a tendency for conservative treatment. 19 cases were related to domestic violence or self-harm. Of the 216 dental related emergencies, 68% could have been managed in the primary care setting. A quarter of all emergency patients were satisfactorily managed by remote consultations. There was a significant change in the provision of emergency maxillofacial service during the pandemic lockdown. We discuss the study findings as well as the potential implications in relation to planning for possible further COVID- 19 spikes and future pandemics.

Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors in OMFS: a review.

It is increasingly common in OMFS to treat patients who are taking therapeutic doses of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, or both. These patients have a high risk of postoperative bleeding ranging from minor oozing that can be managed using local measures, to a major haemorrhage necessitating transfusion. The risk of bleeding associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) taken orally is not well-known in the specialty. We report a case series of two patients treated with them and discuss this group of drugs.

Intraosseous venous malformation of the craniofacial region: diagnosis and management.

Vascular lesions mainly affect soft tissues, and less than 1% affect bone. In 1982, they were categorised by Mulliken and Glowacki as haemangiomas or vascular malformations, and an updated classification was subsequently published by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. These lesions, however, continue to be termed haemangiomas and there is little attempt to differentiate between them. We report eight cases of intraosseous venous malformation that were inappropriately labelled as haemangioma by clinicians, pathologists, and radiologists. We highlight tailored management, and describe the clinical features, results of investigations to aid accurate designation (histological and immunohistochemical, including GLUT1 staining and cross-sectional imaging), and outcomes.

Streptococcus constellatus causing bony destruction secondary to odontogenic infection: three rare cases.

Streptococcus constellatus is part of the Str milleri subgroup. It is a commensal organism that is often present in the oral flora, and has been implicated in pyogenic infections of the central nervous system, abdomen, and deep neck spaces. We present three patients within our unit who developed bony destruction in the facial bones and base of the skull after odontogenic infections. Str constellatus, a known oral and gut commensal that may cause atypical presentations in odontogenic abscesses, was cultured in all cases.

Modal decomposition of Laguerre Gaussian beams with different radial orders using optical correlation technique.

In this paper, we explore the use of an optical correlation technique to decompose different radial as well as azimuthal order modes of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams. We experimentally demonstrate the decomposition of single as well as composite LG beams and compare it with simulations. We report the modal decomposition with 27 dB extinction over several radial and azimuthal orders. Finally, we show that our modal decomposition is capable of sorting mode spectrum consisting of up to 10 LG modes with an accuracy of better than 97.8%.

Investigation of propagation dynamics of truncated vector vortex beams.

In this Letter, we experimentally investigate the propagation dynamics of truncated vector vortex beams generated using a Sagnac interferometer. Upon focusing, the truncated vector vortex beam is found to regain its original intensity structure within the Rayleigh range. In order to explain such behavior, the propagation dynamics of a truncated vector vortex beam is simulated by decomposing it into the sum of integral charge beams with associated complex weights. We also show that the polarization of the truncated composite vector vortex beam is preserved all along the propagation axis. The experimental observations are consistent with theoretical predictions based on previous literature and are in good agreement with our simulation results. The results hold importance as vector vortex modes are eigenmodes of the optical fiber.

Anesthetic considerations in a parturient with renal tubular acidosis and hypothyroidism undergoing cesarean delivery.

Renal tubular acidosis, associated with hypothyroidism, is rare. We present the case of a woman with known renal tubular acidosis and treated hypothyroidism who underwent emergency cesarean delivery under uneventful combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The rationale for choosing the anesthetic technique and the potential risks associated with anesthesia and renal tubular acidosis are discussed.

Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma: a 10-year comparative study.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slow-growing and locally aggressive skin cancer. Despite its high incidence, good quality epidemiological data are sparse. We therefore organised a retrospective study of two separate years' incidence of BCC in one county within the United Kingdom (Dorset) with an interval of 10 years between them. There were 2455 patients in 2006, and 3797 in 2016, who had a new diagnosis with corresponding crude incidences of 459.99 and 491.92/100,000 person-years. The male:female ratio was 1:071 for both years. The head and neck was the most common site, with the cheek, nose, and forehead being the most common subsites. This is a substantial increase in the incidence of BCC, and is much higher than previous reported rates for the UK. More stringent local and national registries are required to monitor the increasing numbers of BCC and help health care systems to plan preventive strategies and provide the most effective treatment.

Orbital angular momentum beam excitation using an all-fiber weakly fused mode selective coupler.

Orbital angular momentum beam excitation through direct phase-matched coupling is experimentally demonstrated using an all-fiber weakly fused mode selective coupler consisting of a single-mode fiber and a ring-core fiber. Experimental results showing the excited OAM mode purity of up to 75% measured through the standard ring technique not only demonstrate the proof of concept but also provide a baseline for further improvement.

Surgical Correction of Brodie Bite in Adults: A Novel Surgical Splint.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of telescopic bite is a rare occurrence. Brodie bite malocclusions manifest with severe skeletal and dental transverse, sagittal and vertical problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient presenting with a telescopic bite and mandibular retrognathism was treated by orthognathic approach. A unique surgical splint was used as an aid in performing the maxillary constriction and segmental osteotomy. CONCLUSION: The telescopic bite was corrected successfully and occlusal rehabilitation was achieved.

Incident Type 2 diabetes and the effect of early regression to normoglycaemia in a population with impaired glucose regulation.

AIMS: To report contemporary regression rates from impaired glucose regulation to normal glucose tolerance, identify modifiable factors associated with early regression, and establish whether it affects subsequent diabetes risk in a population-based cohort. METHODS: Participants with impaired glucose regulation (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test) at baseline in the UK-based ADDITION-Leicester study had annual Type 2 diabetes re-screens for 5 years or until diabetes diagnosis. Logistic regression models investigated modifiable risk factors for regression to normal glucose tolerance at 1 year (n = 817). Cox regression models estimated subsequent diabetes risk (n = 630). RESULTS: At 1 year, 54% of participants had regressed to normal glucose tolerance, and 6% had progressed to diabetes. Regression to normal glucose tolerance was associated with weight loss of 0.1-3% [adjusted odds ratio 1.81 (95% CI 1.08, 3.03) compared with maintaining or gaining weight] and a waist circumference reduction of > 3 cm [adjusted odds ratio 1.78 (95% CI 1.03, 3.06) compared with maintaining or increasing waist circumference]. Those with normal glucose tolerance at 1 year subsequently had lower diabetes risk than those who remained with impaired glucose regulation [adjusted hazard ratio 0.19 (95% CI 0.10, 0.37)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early regression to normal glucose tolerance was associated with reduced diabetes incidence, and might be induced by small reductions in weight or waist circumference. If confirmed in experimental research, this could be a clear and achievable target for individuals diagnosed with impaired glucose regulation.

An unusual complication of nasolabial flap reconstruction.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in the oral cavity. Resection of these cancers often requires reconstruction. Nasolabial flaps are a robust and reliable local flap that provide a satisfactory outcome. We report two cases where an epidermoid cyst developed within the scar of the nasolabial flap and review the literature.

Loss of orofacial tissue secondary to septic shock caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Purpura fulminans is a rare complication of septic shock with a high mortality. It can result in a severe loss of skin, and often amputation of limbs. Managing the loss of tissue is a challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Addison's disease as a presentation of metastatic malignant melanoma.

Melanoma accounts for 5% of all skin cancers. The risk of metastasis is related to the thickness of the tumour, and can affect local, regional and distant sites. Adrenal metastasis from melanoma of the head and neck is uncommon and often asymptomatic. Addison's disease as a presentation of metastatic melanoma is extremely rare and we are unaware of previous reports in the world literature. We report a case of a patient with metastatic melanoma presenting with signs and symptoms of Addison's disease.