Music in Care (MIC) by Nurses: Initial Validation of a Questionnaire to Characterize Nurses' Attitudes and Feasibility of Implementation on the Use of Music in Patient Care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize nurses' attitudes toward music and implementation of music into patient care and to characterize barriers and facilitators toward the implementation of music into patient care. Design: A cross-sectional, quantitative, web-based questionnaire with minor qualitative elements. Methods: The questionnaire contained both open- and closed-ended questions. It was developed in Qualtrics and sent via email to nurses working on inpatient units at an academic medical center hospital in the southeastern United States. Findings: A total of 348 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Eighty-nine percent of nurses reported having used music in their care. The methods of implementation most employed by nurses were streaming (90%) or encouraging a patient to play music on the patient's personal device (76.8%). Eighty-eight percent of nurses reported that access to music streaming services (e.g., Spotify) would be very helpful or extremely helpful. In response to the open-ended questions, nurses indicated a lack of equipment as the primary barrier to implementing music in care. Conclusion: Nurses reported having a positive attitude toward the use of music, strongly endorsing its utility in patient care. Although most nurses reported implementing music, many nurses reported barriers and facilitators to the implementation of music in patient care.

Perceived Success After Participation in the Summer Health Professions Education Program.

Importance: The number of active health care professionals has not kept pace with the increasing number of minoritized individuals in the US. The Summer Health Professions Education Program (SHPEP) was developed to alleviate this underrepresentation in the health workforce. Objective: To evaluate students' changes in perceived barriers and motivators for entering and succeeding in professional school after SHPEP participation. Design, Setting, and Participants: For this cohort study, anonymous electronic surveys were sent to the 2017 to 2021 SHPEP participants at an academic health center at a large university in the southern US. Participants were first- and second-year undergraduates interested in the health professions and enrolled in the SHPEP. Program participants were invited to complete the study. Exposures: An anonymous electronic survey was administered before and immediately after program completion. Main Outcomes and Measures: The SHPEP Career Barriers Survey (SCBS) is composed of 22 questions on motivators and 20 questions on barriers to entering and succeeding in health professional school. Students responded using a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating strongly disagree and 5 indicating strongly agree. Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the program's latent factors. Results: Of all 402 SHPEP participants (mean [SD] age, 19.32 [0.88] years) from 2017 to 2021, 325 completed the preprogram survey and 259 also completed the postprogram survey. Of the 325 initial participants, 4 identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander (1.2%); 12 as Asian (3.7%); 188 as Black (57.8%); 95 as Hispanic or Latino (29.2%); 7 as White (2.2%); and 16 as multiracial (4.9%). Two hundred twelve participants were female (65.2%), and 226 were first-generation college students (69.5%). Results of the SCBS indicate that the SHPEP had a significant small to moderate association on perceived motivators (mean [SD] x̅ = 84.60 [9.67] vs 80.95 [8.93]; P = .001) and decreases in perceived barriers (mean [SD] x̅ = 48.02 [13.20] vs 51.72 [11.39]; P = .008). There was no significant difference in program success between studied years. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, the SHPEP appeared to provide essential support for underrepresented students as measured by improved perceived motivators and reduced perceived barriers to entering professional education. Knowledge from this study can assist educators and health care professionals who wish to implement similar enrichment programs.

Hepatitis E Prevalence in Vulnerable Populations in Goiânia, Central Brazil.

A transversal study was conducted among 472 vulnerable individuals (recyclable waste pickers, immigrants and refugees, homeless individuals, as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transexual individuals) in Goiânia City, the capital of the State of Goiás, Brazil, to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. A total of 459 (97.2%) serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies using fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays (Liaison® Murex Anti-HEV IgG and IgM assays, DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). Positive samples were tested for the presence of HEV RNA by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. A seroprevalence of 0.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-2.22) was found for anti-HEV IgG. Furthermore, anti-HEV IgM was detected in only one individual (0.22%; 95% CI: 0.04-1.22), who was also negative for HEV RNA. These findings revealed that HEV infection is infrequent in vulnerable individuals in Central Brazil, with low seroprevalence of past and recent HEV infections.

Strès ak Pwoblèm Pap Janm Fini: Deciphering migration-related stress from the perspectives of Haitian immigrants in Florida.

Relocating and starting a new life in a foreign country may entail a constellation of new stressors for Haitian immigrants; thus, research that enhances our understanding of how this vulnerable population contextualizes migration-related stress is necessary. The objectives of this study were to: (a) identify what factors are associated with migration-related stress, and (b) describe which and why specific migration-related stressors were most significant from the perspective of those suffering from high migration-related stress post migration via the stress proliferation lens of the stress process model. In this mixed-methods, sequential, explanatory pilot study, first-generation Haitian immigrants (N = 76) were recruited to operationalize migration-related stress, using the Demands of Immigration Scale (DIS). Participants (n = 8), who scored 25 or higher on the DIS, completed an in-depth audio-recorded follow-up interview that consisted of open-ended questions and a stressor-ranking questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression (quantitative), and thematic analysis with a double-coded approach (qualitative) were employed to analyze the data. Female gender, older age, English fluency, and migration after the age of 18 years were associated with higher migration-related stress. However, only gender and English fluency predicted migration-related stress. In interviews, participants ranked five migration-related stressors as most stressful: language barriers, financial strains, loss of social networks, family conflicts, and exposure to discrimination/stigma. A nuanced depiction of migration-related stressors and proliferation mechanisms of migration-related stress may help identify areas where support and preventive efforts should be directed to improve social integration, stress levels, and mental well-being among immigrants.

Influence of social determinants of health in family-effectiveness / Influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la eficacia familiar / Influência dos determinantes sociais da saúde na eficácia familiar / Influence of social determinants of health in family-effectiveness

Introduction: The Social Determinants of Health are defined by the living conditions of the population, how they are born, grow, live, work and age, and are considered as the main responsible for the health of populations. Objective: To evaluate the influence of social determinants of health on effectiveness of family functioning. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was carried out with 200 participants between 2017 and 2018. To assess the correlation between proximal, intermediate and distal social determinants of health and the level of effectiveness of family functioning, home visits were made to 100 families who responded the Assessment of strategies in Family Effectiveness instrument and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by simple frequency, Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) (p <0.05), and subjected to descriptive analysis from the perspective of systemic organization. Results: The social determinants that showed a positive correlation coefficient with the level of effectiveness of family functioning were the years of study and the fixed family income. There was a negative correlation with the main source of income (number of occupations) or source of income and the presence of other members or relatives in the family. Discussion: Investments in education can improve the family's ability to organize, solve or prevent adverse events, increase income and provide more time for family relationships and the achievement of congruence, as evidenced by other authors. Conclusions: The proximal and intermediate social determinants of health influenced the level of effectiveness of family functioning.

Introducción: Los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud están definidos por las condiciones de vida de la población, cómo nacen, crecen, viven, trabajan y envejecen, y son considerados como los principales responsables de la salud de las poblaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la efectividad del funcionamiento familiar. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con 200 participantes entre 2017 y 2018. Para evaluar la correlación entre los determinantes sociales de salud proximales, intermedios y distales y el nivel de efectividad del funcionamiento familiar, se realizaron visitas domiciliarias a 100 familias que respondieron el instrumento Evaluación de estrategias en Efectividad Familiar y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos fueron analizados por frecuencia simple, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman ( ρ ) (p <0,05 ), y sometidos a análisis descriptivo desde la perspectiva de la organización sistémica. Resultados: Los determinantes sociales que mostraron un coeficiente de correlación positivo con el nivel de efectividad del funcionamiento familiar fueron los años de estudio y el ingreso familiar fijo. Hubo una correlación negativa con la principal fuente de ingresos (número de ocupaciones) o fuente de ingresos y la presencia de otros miembros o familiares en la familia. Discusión: Las inversiones en educación pueden mejorar la capacidad de la familia para organizarse, solucionar o prevenir eventos adversos, aumentar los ingresos y brindar más tiempo para las relaciones familiares y el logro de la congruencia, como lo evidencian otros autores. Conclusiones: Los determinantes sociales proximales e intermedios de la salud influyeron en el nivel de efectividad del funcionamiento familiar.

Introdução: Os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde são definidos pelas condições de vida da população, como nascem, crescem, vivem, trabalham e envelhecem, sendo considerados como os principais responsáveis pela saúde das populações. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos determinantes sociais da saúde na eficácia do funcionamento familiar. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com 200 participantes entre 2017 e 2018. Para avaliar a correlação entre os determinantes sociais proximais, intermediários e distais da saúde e o nível de eficácia do funcionamento familiar, foram realizadas visitas domiciliares a 100 famílias que responderam o instrumento Avaliação de estratégias em eficácia familiar e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados por frequência simples, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman ( ρ ) (p < 0,05 ), e submetidos à análise descritiva sob a ótica da organização sistêmica. Resultados: Os determinantes sociais que apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação positiva com o nível de efetividade do funcionamento familiar foram os anos de estudo e a renda familiar fixa. Houve correlação negativa com a principal fonte de renda (número de ocupações) ou fonte de renda e a presença de outros membros ou parentes na família. Discussão: Investimentos em educação podem melhorar a capacidade da família de se organizar, resolver ou prevenir eventos adversos, aumentar a renda e proporcionar mais tempo para as relações familiares e para o alcance da congruência, conforme evidenciado por outros autores. Conclusões: Os determinantes sociais proximais e intermediários da saúde influenciaram o nível de efetividade do funcionamento familiar.

A systematic review and proposed conceptual model of sleep disturbances during pediatric hospitalizations.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The current review aims to examine factors that influence pediatric inpatient sleep and determine the effectiveness of sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. Studies included children with a mean age between 1 and 18 years old that either described factors affecting the sleep of children who are hospitalized on a non-intensive care unit or reported on sleep-related intervention outcomes. We conducted separate narrative reviews for each of the two aims and then synthesized findings from quantitative and qualitative studies across both aims. RESULTS: Forty-five articles were included for review. Despite most sleep disturbances being attributed to environmental disruptions (e.g. noise, staff interruptions), most interventions targeted the child level using relaxation techniques. Although the majority of interventions were small pilot studies, preliminary findings appear to positively impact sleep duration. The Pediatric Inpatient Sleep Model was proposed to illustrate connections between sleep disturbances, factors influencing sleep, and existing intervention components. CONCLUSIONS: Replication studies are needed, including larger-scale sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. Given the identification of environmental factors as the main cause of night wakings, environmental modifications are crucial. Additional research examining contributors to intraindividual variability in disrupted sleep patterns during hospitalizations as well as the consequences of these disturbances is warranted.

"They're Not Willing To Accommodate Deaf patients": Communication Experiences of Deaf American Sign Language Users in the Emergency Department.

Deaf people who use American Sign Language (ASL) are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) than their hearing English-speaking counterparts and are also at higher risk of receiving inaccessible communication. The purpose of this study is to explore the ED communication experience of Deaf patients. A descriptive qualitative study was performed by interviewing 11 Deaf people who had used the ED in the past 2 years. Applying a descriptive thematic analysis, we developed five themes: (1) requesting communication access can be stressful, frustrating, and time-consuming; (2) perspectives and experiences with Video Remote Interpreting (VRI); (3) expectations, benefits, and drawbacks of using on-site ASL interpreters; (4) written and oral communication provides insufficient information to Deaf patients; and (5) ED staff and providers lack cultural sensitivity and awareness towards Deaf patients. Findings are discussed with respect to medical and interpreting ethics to improve ED communication for Deaf patients.

Interventions for Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: Is There Racial and Ethnic Representation in Stroke Caregiver Studies?

PURPOSE: The specific aims of this scoping review of the literature are to (1) map the current scope of literature regarding nonpharmacological interventions for informal stroke caregivers and (2) explore the degree to which racial/ethnic minority groups were represented in nonpharmacological interventions for stroke caregivers in the United States. DESIGN AND METHODS: Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used to conduct this scoping review. The framework entails formulating research questions, developing criteria for selecting relevant studies, charting the data, and synthesizing results. FINDINGS: The scoping review yielded 11 studies that varied in intervention design, methods of implementation, and outcome measurements. The review indicated that racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to be represented in nonpharmacological intervention studies for stroke caregivers. CONCLUSION: Currently, there is sparse research that focuses on interventions with family caregivers of varying racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

Validity and reliability of the brazilian version of the instrument the assessment strategies in families-effectiveness (asf-e) / Validez y confiabilidad de la versión brasileña del instrumento the strategies in families-effectiveness asf-e/brasil / Validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira do instrumento the strategies in families-effectiveness asf-e/brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to test the psychometric validity of an instrument to assess family effectiveness strategies and its reliability for use with Brazilian families. Method: this is a methodological study, content validation, construct, criterion, which used exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability. The sample consisted of 100 families. Data were collected from October 2017 to March 2018. Results: the percentage of agreement among family health experts was 100%, with a perfect Content Validity Index and reliability (1.00). For the target audience (pre-test), 89.3% of agreement and Content Validity Index of 0.89 were obtained. Construct validity had a total explained variance of 73.8%. The concurrent criterion validity presented a correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.75 (p = 0.004). Reliability had a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.82 for the full scale and a range of 0.62 to 0.82 in the instrument's goals. Conclusion: the instrument proved to be valid and reliable to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of Brazilian families.

RESUMEN Objetivo: probar la validez psicométrica del instrumento para evaluar las estrategias de efectividad familiar y su confiabilidad para su uso con familias brasileñas. Método: estudio metodológico, validación de contenido, constructo, criterio, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio y confiabilidad. La muestra estuvo formada por 100 familias. Los datos se recopilaron desde octubre de 2017 hasta marzo de 2018. Resultados: el porcentaje de concordancia entre los especialistas en Salud de la Familia fue del 100%, con un perfecto Índice de Validez de Contenido y confiabilidad (1,00). Para la población objetivo (pre-test), se obtuvo 89,3% de acuerdo y un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,89. La validez de constructo tuvo una varianza explicada total del 73,8%. La validez del criterio concurrente presentó un coeficiente de correlación (ρ) de 0,75 (p = 0,004). La confiabilidad tuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0.82 para la escala completa y un rango de 0.62 a 0.82 en las metas del instrumento. Conclusión: el instrumento demostró ser válido y confiable para evaluar la efectividad del funcionamiento de las familias brasileñas.

RESUMO Objetivo: testar a validade psicométrica do instrumento de avaliação das estratégias de efetividade familiar e a confiabilidade para uso com famílias brasileiras. Método: estudo metodológico, de validação de conteúdo, construto, critério, pela Análise Fatorial Exploratória e confirmatória e confiabilidade. A amostra foi composta por 100 famílias. Os dados foram coletados no período de outubro de 2017 a março de 2018. Resultados: o percentual de concordância entre os especialistas em Saúde da Família foi de 100%, com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e confiabilidade perfeitos (1,00). Para a população-alvo (pré-teste), obtiveram-se 89,3% de concordância e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,89. A validade de construto apresentou variância total explicada de 73,8%. A validade do critério concorrente apresentou coeficiente de correlação (ρ) de 0,75 (p=0,004). A confiabilidade apresentou coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,82 para a escala total e variação de 0,62 a 0,82 nas metas do instrumento. Conclusão: o instrumento mostrou-se válido e confiável para avaliar a efetividade do funcionamento das famílias brasileiras.

Influencias de factores estructurales y de desarrollo sobre el funcionamiento familiar

Objective: To assess the influence of structural and developmental factors on family functioning. Material and Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study with 200 individuals from 100 Brazilian families. Data were collected with the instrument The Assessment of Strategies in Family-Effectiveness (ASF-E/Brasil); a form to characterize the participants, to identify the roles, the development cycle and a field diary to describe family arrangements. For analysis, data were evaluated for simple frequency, means and Spearman correlation coefficient (p) (p 50.0% and the predominant role was that of mother. More than 75.0% families were in more than one development cycle, with a predominance of the phase of "launching" their children. The cycle with the best mean value of effectiveness in family functioning was "Family with preschool children (older child between 30 months and 6 years old)". There was a significant correlation between all the arrangements and there was no correlation between roles and development cycles with the effectiveness of family functioning. Conclusions: The structural, developmental and functional assessment of the family showed the influence of the arrangements on family functioning.

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de factores estructurales y de desarrollo en el funcionamiento familiar. Material y Método: Estudio analítico transversal con 200 individuos de 100 familias brasileñas. Los datos fueron recolectados con el instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); se aplicó un formulario para caracterizar a los participantes, identificar los roles, el ciclo de desarrollo y se usó un diario de campo para describir los arreglos familiares. Para el análisis, se evaluaron los datos con frecuencia simple, medias y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% y el papel predominante fue el de madre. Más del 75,0% de las familias se encontraban en más de un ciclo de desarrollo, con un predominio de la fase de "lanzamiento" de los hijos. El ciclo con el mejor valor medio de efectividad en el funcionamiento familiar fue "Familia con niños en edad preescolar (niños mayores entre 30 meses y 6 años)". Hubo una correlación significativa entre todos los arreglos y no hubo correlación entre los roles y los ciclos de desarrollo con la efectividad del funcionamiento familiar. Conclusiones: La evaluación estructural, de desarrollo y funcional de la familia mostró la influencia de los arreglos en el funcionamiento familiar.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de fatores estruturais e de desenvolvimento no funcionamento familiar. Material e Método: Estudo analítico transversal com 200 indivíduos de 100 famílias brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados com o instrumento Avaliação das Estratégias de Efetividade Familiar (ASF-E/Brasil); um formulário para caracterizar os participantes, identificar os papéis, o ciclo de desenvolvimento e um diário de campo para descrever os arranjos familiares. Para a análise, foram avaliados os dados de frequência simples, médias e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (p) (p 50,0% e o papel predominante foi o da mãe. Mais de 75,0% das famílias estavam em mais de um ciclo de desenvolvimento, com predomínio da fase de "lançamento" dos filhos. O ciclo com melhor valor médio de eficácia no funcionamento familiar foi "Família com filhos em idade pré-escolar (filhos mais velhos entre 30 meses e 6 anos)". Houve uma correlação significativa entre todos os arranjos e não houve correlação entre papéis e ciclos de desenvolvimento com a eficácia do funcionamento familiar. Conclusões: A avaliação estrutural, de desenvolvimento e funcional da família mostrou a influência dos arranjos no funcionamento familiar.

Achieving Health Equity Through Eradicating Structural Racism in the United States: A Call to Action for Nursing Leadership.

PURPOSE: To advocate for strategic actions by U.S. nursing leadership that denote the presence, customs, and implications of racism that has been institutionalized within the structures of U.S. nursing leadership and the profession. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCTS: A racial equity framework is used to examine the barriers to quality health care and equitable health outcomes and to present evidence-based actions to dismantle structural inequities embedded in the nursing profession. METHODS: This article was developed through a comprehensive literature review and synthesis of relevant research, data, peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and organizational guidelines. FINDINGS: A commitment by U.S. nursing leadership to eradicate structural racism in nursing must be made in order to effect sustainable transformative change toward more equitable systems of health care. CONCLUSIONS: This article presents recommendations for nursing leadership in the United States to renew its commitment to quality health care through dismantling structural racism at all levels of direct and systems nursing practice and education, at the bedside, and in the boardrooms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Structural racism in nursing and health care also persists globally as a key social determinant of health. Its elimination aligns with international health care and nursing's policy priorities, yet change can only occur when senior leaders clearly understand it as a key barrier to health, and commit to transformative change in how their "systems" work. These recommendations can also be culturally adapted by global nursing for use in antiracism work.

Stress and depression in the context of migration among Haitians in the United States.

Our global communities are becoming increasingly more diverse and interwoven; thus, research that enhances our understanding of the multidimensional relationship between depression and migration among distinct ethnic groups is imperative. This study examined the relationship between migration-related stress and depression and the extent to which that relationship is modified by other factors, through the lens of the stress process model. This cross-sectional pilot study used purposive sampling methods to recruit 76 first-generation Haitian immigrants living in South and West Florida from February 2018-May 2018. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple regressions were utilized to assess associations among migration-related stress (Demands of Immigration Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD), Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI)), and key demographic variables. Findings showed a strong positive correlation between migration-related stress and depression (CESD (ß =.606, 95% CI [.296, .556]) and ZLDSI (ß = .624, 95% CI [.242, .440]). Relative to the standardized coefficient, migration-related stress was the strongest predictor of depression after controlling for other predictors. Presence at the 2010 earthquake was the only significant moderator, showing an amplifying effect between migration-related stress and depression (ZLDSI) for those in Haiti during the 2010 earthquake. Consideration of pre-migration factors and the degree of migration-related stress encountered while adapting to life post-migration is critical because they play a significant role in shaping immigrants' depression realities. Community-based services that incorporate or partner with established immigrants to strengthen support for the most vulnerable immigrants early on after migration could serve to mitigate migration-related stressors and facilitate mental health promotion and prevention.

Esforços, sacrifícios e liderança heróicos: é tudo em um dia de trabalho para os enfermeiros antes, durante e após a crise do COVID-19 / Heroic efforts, sacrifices and leadership: it's all in a day's work for nurses before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis / Esfuerzos heroicos, sacrificios y liderazgo: todo es un día de trabajo para las enfermeras antes, durante y después de la crisis de COVID-19

O novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 que surgiu na cidade de Wuhan, na China, no ano passado, produziu uma pandemia de coronavírus em larga escala (COVID-19). Enquanto escrevemos isso, em todo o mundo existem mais de um milhão de casos e o número de mortos chegou a mais de 100.000 pessoas. No Brasil e em outros países, alguns indivíduos teorizaram que o vírus foi "criado" em laboratórios, e alguns grupos religiosos levantaram a ideia de que o vírus sinalizava o início do apocalipse. No entanto, um estudo científico recente concluiu que o vírus é o produto da evolução natural, encerrando qualquer boato sobre engenharia genética deliberada. No Brasil, o COVID-19 foi diagnosticado pela primeira vez em 26 de fevereiro e já se espalhou por todos os estados e territórios.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China last year has produced a large-scale coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As we are writing this, across the world there are more than a million cases, and the death toll has reached more than 100,000 people. In Brazil as well as other countries, some individuals theorized that the virus was "created" in laboratories, and some religious groups raised the idea that the virus signaled the onset of the apocalypse. However, a recent scientific study has concluded that the virus is the product of natural evolution, ending any rumor about deliberate genetic engineering. In Brazil, COVID-19 was first diagnosed on February 26th and has already spread throughout all the states and territories.

El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 que surgió en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, el año pasado produjo una pandemia de coronavirus a gran escala (COVID-19). Mientras escribimos esto, en todo el mundo hay más de un millón de casos, y el número de muertos ha llegado a más de 100,000 personas. En Brasil, así como en otros países, algunas personas teorizaron que el virus fue "creado" en laboratorios, y algunos grupos religiosos plantearon la idea de que el virus señalaba el inicio del apocalipsis. Sin embargo, un estudio científico reciente ha concluido que el virus es el producto de la evolución natural, poniendo fin a cualquier rumor sobre ingeniería genética deliberada. En Brasil, COVID-19 fue diagnosticado por primera vez el 26 de febrero y ya se ha extendido a todos los estados y territorios.

Pesquisa participante baseada na comunidade: fundamentos, requisitos e desafios ao pesquisador / Community based participatory research: foundations, requirements and challenges to researcher / Investigación participante basada en la comunidad: fundamentos, requisitos y desafíos para el investigador

Objetivo: descrever fundamentos teórico-filosóficos e possíveis aplicações da Pesquisa Participante Baseada na Comunidade. Método: reflexão teórica focada no potencial transformador dessa abordagem no âmbito da Saúde Pública. Resultados: nessa modalidade de pesquisa, parceiros da comunidade são valorizados em todas as fases do processo investigativo, auxiliando no delineamento de intervenções que atendam suas necessidades. Além disso, são criados espaços, instrumentos de produção e divulgação de ideias, práticas e alternativas de cuidado, a fim de facilitar a transposição de barreiras de linguagem e comunicação entre profissionais dos serviços, pesquisadores e usuários do sistema de saúde. No contexto da Pesquisa Participante Baseada na Comunidade o gerenciamento diário do cuidado fundamenta-se no diálogo cultural e do fazer compartilhado, o que desenvolve confiança mútua e sustentabilidade do processo de interação pesquisador - comunidade. Considerações finais: a Pesquisa Participante Baseada na Comunidade é importante abordagem metodológica para compreender a complexidade humana e avanços da enfermagem comunitária.

Objective: To describe theoretic and philosophic foundations and possible applications of Community Based Participatory Research. Method: theoretical reflection focused on this approach's transformative potential in Public Health scope. Results: in this research modality, community partners are valued at all stages of the investigative process, helping to design interventions that meet their needs. In addition, spaces and production instruments are created, and ideas, practices and care alternatives are disseminated, in order to facilitate the transposition of language and communication barriers between service professionals, researchers and health system users. In the Community Based Participatory Research context, daily care management is based on cultural dialogue and sharing of chores, which develops mutual trust and sustainability of the researcher-community interaction process. Final Considerations: Community Based Participatory Research is an important methodological approach to understand the human complexity and advances in community nursing.

Objetivo: Describir fundamentos teóricos-filosóficos y posibles aplicaciones de la investigación participante basada en la comunidad. Método: reflexión teórica con foco en el potencial transformador del abordaje en el ámbito de la salud pública. Resultados: En esa modalidad de investigación, compañeros de la comunidad son valorizados en todas las fases de investigación, auxiliando en el delineamiento de intervenciones que atiendan sus necesidades. Son creados espacios, instrumentos de producción y divulgación de ideas, prácticas y alternativas de cuidado, así facilitar y transponer barreras de lenguaje y comunicación entre profesionales, investigadores y usuarios del sistema de salud. La investigación participante basada en la comunidad, el gerenciamiento del cuidado se fundamenta en el dialogo cultural y realizar en conjunto, lo que desenvuelve confianza mutua y sustentabilidad de interacción investigador-comunidad. Consideraciones finales: La pesquisa participante basada en la comunidad es importante el abordaje metodológico para comprender la complexidad humana y avances de la enfermería comunitaria.

EMBRACE: Developing an Inclusive Leadership Program With and for Undergraduate Nursing Students.

In order to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse patient population, nursing schools around the United States have been trying to recruit future nurses from a variety of racial/ethnic backgrounds, with limited success. To date, the literature does not describe how to develop culturally appropriate engagement models that can successfully transform minority nursing students into nurse researchers and leaders. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe a promising research and leadership program for underrepresented undergraduate students entitled, "EMBRACE - Engaging Multiple-communities of BSN students in Research and Academic Curricular Experiences". More specifically, this article will: 1) describe the steps one College of Nursing has taken toward developing the EMBRACE program; 2) describe the theoretical framework developed for the program; and 3) present the initial challenges and positive outcomes of the program. The theoretical framework of the program is based on principles of excellence for diversity and inclusion as well as student and faculty engagement. The EMBRACE framework includes components of education, faculty contributions, social connections and emotional intelligence. The EMBRACE program consists of group mentoring with peers, one-on-one mentoring with faculty and graduate students, and working on a hands-on project relating to research or leadership.

Who and Where: A Socio-Spatial Integrated Approach for Community-Based Health Research.

Social and spatial characteristics of a population often interact to influence health outcomes, suggesting a need to jointly analyze both to offer useful insights in community health. However, researchers have used either social or spatial analyses to examine community-based health issues and inform intervention programs. We propose a combined socio-spatial analytic approach to develop a social network with spatial weights and a spatial statistic with social weights, and apply them to an ongoing study of mental and physical well-being of rural Latino immigrants in North Florida, USA. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to calculate measures, such as social network centrality, support contact dyads, and spatial kernel density based on a health survey data. Findings reveal that the integrated approach accurately reflected interactions between social and spatial elements, and identified community members (who) and locations (where) that should be prioritized for community-based health interventions.

The emergence of team science: Understanding the state of adoption research through social network analysis.

The notion of team science has recently gained popularity in European and American health sciences considering increasing evidence that scientific collaboration produces higher-impact research and that complex scientific problems are better investigated by interdisciplinary teams. While publication metrics indicate adoption research is expanding, the comprehensive structure of adoption studies as a scientific field has not been formally evaluated for collaborative and cross-disciplinary activity. This article aims to elucidate the structure, composition, and dynamics of scientific relationships within adoption research that may inform research and practice strategies, competencies, and cohesion within the field. Using social network analysis, we extracted bibliographic data on 2767 peer-reviewed adoption-related articles from 1930s to 2014 and evaluated the resulting co-authorship and co-citation networks. We found that adoption research has grown substantially over the last 25 years, and is conducted in varied disciplines, with increasing collaboration across geography and disciplinary areas. The co-authorship and co-citation networks are approaching numeric thresholds and structural configurations distinctive of well-established and more institutionalized fields of study. These findings reveal the maturation of adoption studies as a team science and argue for the development of institutional mechanisms that support such evolution. Implications for professional and research planning are discussed.

Review of the Literature: A Rural-Urban Comparison of Social Networks of Older Adults Living With HIV.

Globally, aging populations and older persons living with HIV (OPLWH) are emerging socioeconomic and health care concerns. Aging adults living in rural communities have less access to and lower utilization of health care services; they rely heavily on available peer and family networks. Although social networks have been linked to positive mental and physical health outcomes, there is a lack of understanding about social networks in rural-dwelling OPLWH. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to compare emerging themes in the social network components of rural versus urban-dwelling OPLWH and network benefits and barriers. Overarching themes include: limited and/or fragile networks, social inclusion versus social isolation, social capital, and health outcomes. Results demonstrate an overall lack of rural-focused research on OPLWH and a universal lack of informal and formal networks due to isolation, lack of health care services, and omnipresent HIV stigma.

FBO Leaders' Perceptions of the Psycho-social Contexts for Rural Latinos.

Latinos comprise the largest minority rural population in the US, and they are often exposed to adverse social health determinants that can detrimentally affect their mental health. Guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, this study aimed to describe faith-based organizations (FBOs) leaders' perceptions of the contexts affecting the mental well-being of rural Latino immigrants and potential approaches to mental health promotion for these immigrants. This is a descriptive, qualitative arm of a larger study in which community-academic members have partnered to develop a culturally-tailored mental health promotion intervention among rural Latinos. FBO leaders (N = 15) from different denominations in North Florida were interviewed until saturation was reached. FBO leaders remarked that in addition to religiosity, which Latinos already have, more community building and involvement are necessary for the promotion of mental health.

An individual-based rurality measure and its health application: A case study of Latino immigrants in North Florida, USA.

Rurality has been frequently noted by researchers as pathways to understand human health in rural and remote areas. Current measures of rurality are mostly oriented to places, not individuals, and have not accounted for individual mobility, thus inappropriate for studying health and well-being at an individual level. This research proposed a new concept of individual-based rurality by integrating personal activity spaces. A feasible method was developed to quantify individuals' rural experience using household travel surveys and geographic information systems (GIS). For illustration, the proposed method was applied to understand the well-being and social isolation among rural Latino immigrants, who had participated in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) study in North Florida, USA. The resulting individuals' rurality indices were paired with their scores of well-being and social isolation to identify potential associations. The correlation analysis showed that the proposed rurality can be related to the social isolation, mental and physical well-being of individuals in different gender groups, and hence could be a suitable tool to investigate rural health issues.