Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report about a Male Patient with Pectoral Implants.

Introduction: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is still a rare extralymphatic lymphoma. As of March 1, 2023, approximately 1,355 cases of BIA-ALCL have been reported worldwide. However, no such case has yet been described with pectoral implants in male patients. Most patients with BIA-ALCL present with nonspecific implant-associated symptoms such as late-onset seroma, swollen breasts, and deformation of implants. Case Presentation: Here, we describe BIA-ALCL in a 76-year-old male patient who presented with a late-onset seroma in order to raise awareness for BIA-ALCL also in men after esthetic chest surgery with silicone pectoral implants. The patient had undergone augmentation of the pectoralis muscle with implants for esthetic reasons 9 years before. First cytological specimens showed no malignancy. A repeated cytological assessment after 6 weeks from recurring seroma showed characteristic CD30+ T-cell clones. Surgery with complete bilateral capsulectomy and implant removal was performed. Due to the early-stage ALCL being limited only to the capsule and no evidence of systemic disease, adjuvant systemic treatment was not considered necessary. Conclusion: Any persisting late-onset seroma also in male patients with pectoral implants should raise suspicion of ALCL as differential diagnosis and should be assessed with cytological examination.

Automated Prognosis Marker Assessment in Breast Cancers Using BLEACH&STAIN Multiplexed Immunohistochemistry.

Prognostic markers in routine clinical management of breast cancer are often assessed using RNA-based multi-gene panels that depend on fluctuating tumor purity. Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) holds the potential for an improved risk assessment. To enable automated prognosis marker detection (i.e., progesterone receptor [PR], estrogen receptor [ER], androgen receptor [AR], GATA3, TROP2, HER2, PD-L1, Ki67, TOP2A), a framework for automated breast cancer identification was developed and validated involving thirteen different artificial intelligence analysis steps and an algorithm for cell distance analysis using 11+1-marker-BLEACH&STAIN-mfIHC staining in 1404 invasive breast cancers of no special type (NST). The framework for automated breast cancer detection discriminated normal glands from malignant glands with an accuracy of 98.4%. This approach identified that five (PR, ER, AR, GATA3, PD-L1) of nine biomarkers were associated with prolonged overall survival (p ≤ 0.0095 each) and two of these (PR, AR) were found to be independent risk factors in multivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.0151 each). The combined assessment of PR-ER-AR-GATA3-PD-L1 as a five-marker prognosis score showed strong prognostic relevance (p < 0.0001) and was an independent risk factor in multivariate analysis (p = 0.0034). Automated breast cancer detection in combination with an artificial intelligence-based analysis of mfIHC enables a rapid and reliable analysis of multiple prognostic parameters. The strict limitation of the analysis to malignant cells excludes the impact of fluctuating tumor purity on assay precision.

Health behavior change among breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: Changes in health behavior among women with breast cancer with respect to food intake, exercise and smoking habits are considered. We aimed to analyze (1) significant modifications of these behaviors about a year after breast cancer surgery and (2) the impact of social, medical and behavioral patient characteristics on these changes. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal study of 229 women (age < 70) in Germany with a first manifestation of breast cancer. Food intake, physical activity and smoking were assessed by means of personal interviews immediately after surgery (T0) and 14 months later (T1). RESULTS: The intake of fruits and vegetables and physical exercise increased significantly over the observation period. Socio-demographic and medical parameters were largely irrelevant for behavioral changes while smoking status turned out as most important for changes in daily fruit consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that breast cancer patients change their lifestyle habits in a significant way even without intervention. Patients who smoke are in particular need of professional support to implement health-promoting behavior, and intervention should especially focus on this group.