Revision of the genus Allocotaphis Börner, 1950 (Hemiptera, Homoptera, Aphididae, Macrosiphini).

Allocotaphis Börner, 1950 (Hemiptera, Homoptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) and its three species are fully revised. The history of the descriptions of the involved taxa is critically presented. Descriptions of the known morphs of these species and complete information on the biology and distribution of the species are presented. Three subjective synonymies are established: Spinaphis L.K. Ghosh, 1986 syn. n. and Longisiphoniella Chakrabarti, Saha & Mandal, 1988 syn. n. of Allocotaphis Börner, 1950, and Longisiphoniella subterranea Chakrabarti, Saha & Mandal, 1988 syn. n. of Allocotaphis multisetosa (L.K. Ghosh, 1986) comb. n. An hypothesis for the formation of the genus and the speciation that took place within it is proposed.

Review and new data on the aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam with a description of a new genus and a new species of the family Hormaphididae.

An up-to-date information on aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) of Vietnam based on literature data and original material is presented. The updated check-list of aphids includes 47 species, and also 15 species identified only to genus level. Protastegopteryx vietnamensis gen. nov., sp. nov. from Bambusa sp., collected in Ct Tin National Park (Dong Nai Province), is described. The species is illustrated and its biometric data is provided. The described aphid genus is closely related to Astegopteryx Karsch, 1890. The taxonomic position of the genus is discussed.

A contribution to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) of Republic of Mali.

The first study of the aphid fauna from the Republic of Mali has been made. Ten species are reported and keyed from this territory. The diagnostic key and the list of host plants of the species found are given. In total, only 69 colonies of aphids were found during the research, which indicates a very low population density of aphids in the territory of Mali. There is a significant difference between the number of aphid colonies found in the dry and rainy seasons. Aphids in Mali, both in the dry and in the rainy season, were found more often in biotopes along rivers, on artificially irrigated areas. About 70% of all colonies in both the dry and rainy seasons were very small or small. It is very likely that originally aphids were absent in the territory of West Africa to the south of the Sahara. They probably penetrated the Sahel zone and the surrounding territories from the Mediterranean coast along the Red Sea coast and from the Arabian Peninsula through Ethiopia and then later they moved further to the west. The progress of crop production could lead to the introduction of a small number of species into this territory only in a relatively recent time.

Revision of the aphid subgenus Ramitrichophorus Hille Ris Lambers of genus Macrosiphoniella (Hemiptera, Homoptera: Aphididae, Macrosiphini), with redescriptions of all known species and identification keys.

Revision of the aphid subgenus Ramitrichophorus of genus Macrosiphoniella with redescriptions of all known species has been made. Geographical points of species registrations are listed. All known data on the biology of the studied species have been specified and analyzed. It was established that Macrosiphoniella (Ramitrichophorus) paradoxa (Bozhko, 1957) (syn. n.) is a synonym of Macrosiphoniella (Ramitrichophorus) hillerislambersi Ossiannilsson, 1954. It was confirmed that Macrosiphoniella nikolajevi Kadyrbekov, 1999 does not belong to the subgenus Ramitrichophorus. The first descriptions of males and oviparous females of M. (R.) hillerislambersi and M. (R.) medvedevi (Bozhko, 1950), and also alate viviparous females and oviparous females of M. (R.) janckei Brner, 1939 are given. Identification keys to the species of the subgenus is proposed. A possible way of the formation of the subgenus and the speciation that took place in it are discussed.

Revision of the genus Neoceruraphis Shaposhnikov, 1956 (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The genus Neoceruraphis Shaposhnikov, 1956 with two species, is restored as a separate genus and not a synonym of Ceruraphis. This genus is fully revised, with descriptions or redescriptions of all known morphs of each species. Geographical points of species registrations are listed. All known and new data on the biology and life cycles of the species of genus are specified and analyzed. The genus Viburnaphis Pashtshenko, 1988 is considered a synonym of Neoceruraphis Shaposhnikov, 1956. Sappaphis viburnicola Sorin, 1983 becomes a secondary homonym of Neoceruraphis viburnicola (Gillette, 1909), so it must be replaced by the next oldest available name from among its synonymsViburnaphis pseudosensoriata Pashtshenko, 1988, which now becomes Neoceruraphis pseudosensoriata (Pashtshenko, 1988) comb. n. A possible way of the formation of the genus and the speciation that took place in it is discussed.

Rubiaphis, a new aphid genus from the Altai Republic (Homoptera: Aphididae, Macrosiphini).

Rubiaphis altaicus gen. nov., sp. nov. from Rubus idaeus, collected in the Altai Republic, is described. The species is illustrated and biometric data are provided. This aphid genus is closely related to Myzaphis van der Goot, 1913. The taxonomic position of the genus is discussed.

Contribution to the aphid fauna (Homoptera, Aphidinea) of the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District and the krai city of Norilsk, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Metopolophium.

The aphid fauna of the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District and the krai city of Norilsk (Russia) was studied; 50 species are reported from this territory, the most northern of the Palaeartic Region. Eight aphid species were collected in tundra landscapes (3 of the 5 species found in the northern part are adventive), 25 species in the forest-tundra strip, and 32 species in the northern taiga subzone. Two new species, Metopolophium arcticum sp. nov. and Metopolophium taimyricum sp. nov., are described from the tundra of the Taymyr  Peninsula. Their generic placement and systematic relationships to other closely related species are discussed, as is the distribution of Metopolophium species in the polar region.

Additions to the aphid fauna of Wrangel Island due to climate change withbr />redescription of the oviparous female of Pterocomma groenlandicum Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea).

The article contains new data on the Aphidoidea of Wrangel Island collected in 2015. Previously, at least four species were known. Two of them, Aphis polaris Stekolshchikov et Khruleva, 2014 and Metopolophium sabihae Prior, 1976, were regularly observed on the island in the 1980s and 1990s. Pterocomma groenlandicum Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) polaris Hille Ris Lambers, 1952, were first collected in 2006. In 2015 three more species were found: Brachycaudus (Mordvilkomemor) rumexicolens (Patch, 1917), Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763), and Pemphigus saliciradicis (Börner, 1950). This last species represents a first record for the territory of Russia whereas C. aegopodii had not previously been collected in tundra landscapes. In 2015, a total of seven aphid species were collected. For one of the four previously noted species, M. sabihae, a sharp increase in its abundance is recorded. We propose that the increase in aphid species diversity is due to climate warming in the Russian High Arctic. A detailed redescription of the oviparous female of P. groenlandicum is also provided.

Emendation of incorrect original spellings of two aphid species names recently established (Hemiptera, Aphididae).

The names of the species established by Stekolshchikov and Buga in Zootaxa, volume 4527, number 4, Aphis khrulevi and Dysaphis karyakini, are incorrect original spellings according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In accordance with the Code, they are amended to Aphis khrulevae Stekolshchikov and Buga, 2018 and Dysaphis koryakini Stekolshchikov and Buga, 2018, respectively.

The aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) of Murmansk province (Russia), with description of Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. and males of Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987.

An updated aphid (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) check-list of Murmansk province (European Russia) is presented, it includes 162 species. Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987, Schizaphis nigerrima (Hille Ris Lambers), Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) zirnitsi Hille Ris Lambers, Nasonovia (Kakimia) vannesii Stenseth, Plocamaphis flocculosa goernitzi Börner and Schizaphis graminum gigjai Stroyan are recorded for the first time from Russia. Both apterous and alate males of Chaitophorus nigricantis nigricantis Pintera are described. Two new aphid species are described: Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. from fundatrices and  apterous viviparous females, living on Veronica longifolia and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. from apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males, living on Cenolophium denudatum. Comments about the distribution and biology of aphids in this Northern part of Europe, and on the completeness of the list are given.

The taxonomic status of Aphis rostellum (Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999) and description of the fundatrix and sexual morphs of Aphis umbrella (Börner, 1950) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea).

Aphis rostellum (Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999) is placed as a new subjective synonym of A. umbrella (Börner, 1950). Detailed descriptions are provided of the fundatrix, oviparous female and male of this species.

Contributions to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug with descriptions of five new species.

The first study of the aphid fauna from Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has been made; 18 species are reported from this territory, the most north-eastern of Russia and of the Palaeartic Region. Five new species are described: Aphis aquilonalis sp. nov. on Rumex arcticus Trautv.; Aphis beringiensis sp. nov. were collected by yellow trap; Macrosiphoniella (Asterobium) jaroslavi sp. nov. on Artemisia arctica Less. and Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.; Macrosiphum chukotense sp. nov., a polyphagous species found on plants in nine different families; and Pleotrichophorus tuberculatus sp. nov. on Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. In addition, the male and oviparous female of Acyrthosiphon boreale Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 and the fundatrix and male of Pleotrichophorus knowltoni Corpuz-Raros and Cook, 1974 are described for the first time.

General trends of chromosomal evolution in Aphidococca (Insecta, Homoptera, Aphidinea + Coccinea).

Parallel trends of chromosomal evolution in Aphidococca are discussed, based on the catalogue of chromosomal numbers and genetic systems of scale insects by Gavrilov (2007) and the new catalogue for aphids provided in the present paper. To date chromosome numbers have been reported for 482 species of scale insects and for 1039 species of aphids, thus respectively comprising about 6% and 24% of the total number of species. Such characters as low modal numbers of chromosomes, heterochromatinization of part of chromosomes, production of only two sperm instead of four from each primary spermatocyte, physiological sex determination, "larval" meiosis, wide distribution of parthenogenesis and chromosomal races are considered as a result of homologous parallel changes of the initial genotype of Aphidococca ancestors. From a cytogenetic point of view, these characters separate Aphidococca from all other groups of Paraneoptera insects and in this sense can be considered as additional taxonomic characters. In contrast to available paleontological data the authors doubt that Coccinea with their very diverse (and partly primitive) genetic systems may have originated later then Aphidinea with their very specialised and unified genetic system.

Sap-feeding insects on forest trees along latitudinal gradients in northern Europe: a climate-driven patterns.

Knowledge of the latitudinal patterns in biotic interactions, and especially in herbivory, is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern ecosystem functioning and for predicting their responses to climate change. We used sap-feeding insects as a model group to test the hypotheses that the strength of plant-herbivore interactions in boreal forests decreases with latitude and that this latitudinal pattern is driven primarily by midsummer temperatures. We used a replicated sampling design and quantitatively collected and identified all sap-feeding insects from four species of forest trees along five latitudinal gradients (750-1300 km in length, ten sites in each gradient) in northern Europe (59 to 70°N and 10 to 60°E) during 2008-2011. Similar decreases in diversity of sap-feeding insects with latitude were observed in all gradients during all study years. The sap-feeder load (i.e. insect biomass per unit of foliar biomass) decreased with latitude in typical summers, but increased in an exceptionally hot summer and was independent of latitude during a warm summer. Analysis of combined data from all sites and years revealed dome-shaped relationships between the loads of sap-feeders and midsummer temperatures, peaking at 17 °C in Picea abies, at 19.5 °C in Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens and at 22 °C in B. pendula. From these relationships, we predict that the losses of forest trees to sap-feeders will increase by 0-45% of the current level in southern boreal forests and by 65-210% in subarctic forests with a 1 °C increase in summer temperatures. The observed relationships between temperatures and the loads of sap-feeders differ between the coniferous and deciduous tree species. We conclude that climate warming will not only increase plant losses to sap-feeding insects, especially in subarctic forests, but can also alter plant-plant interactions, thereby affecting both the productivity and the structure of future forest ecosystems.

A contribution to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of Wrangel Island.

Five aphid species collected on Wrangel Island (Russia) are presented. One species, Aphis polaris sp. nov., feeding on Astragalus alpinus L. and Oxytropis sp., is described, and the fundatrix morph of two others, Pterocomma groenlandicum Hille Ris Lambers, 1952 and Metopolophium sabihae Prior, 1976., is described for the first time.

Miyazakia, a new aphid genus from Japan (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini).

Miyazakia gen. nov. with type species Miyazakia ranunculi (Miyazaki, 1971) comb. nov. is described. The species is illustrated and biometric data are provided for all morphs, except the fundatrix. This aphid genus is closely related to Sappaphis Matsumura, 1919. M. ranunculi is a heteroecious species; its primary host is probably Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC and its secondary host is Ranunculus. 

Taxonomic notes on some species and subspecies of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Subspecies Dysaphis pavlovskiana indica Chakrabarti & Medda, 1993 is given species status (Dysaphis indica Chakrabarti & Medda, 1993, new status). Aphis plantaginis asiatica Daniyarova, 1979 is a synonym of Aphis taraxacicola (Börner, 1940). The nomen nudum Uroleucon (Uromelan) lehri Zaitzev, Lelej, Storozhenko & Kurzenko, 2006 is recognized as referring to Uroleucon (Uromelan) campanulae (Kaltenbach, 1843).