RESUMO
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used widely in surgery to mitigate blood loss by inhibiting the fibrinolytic degradation of clots. The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with TXA has not been reported in the plastic surgery literature. In the realm of plastic surgery, abdominoplasty has the highest rate of VTE. The purpose of this study is to report 5 cases of VTE with TXA. A single surgeon reviewed the records of 5 patients who incurred VTE with TXA. TXA was added to the tumescent fluid, 20â mg/kg total. Four of the 5 patients underwent abdominoplasty combined with liposuction and breast surgery, and the fifth, fat transfer to the breast. The abdominoplasty patients had received chemoprophylaxis. Upon presentation of symptoms, the patients were sent to the hospital for anticoagulation and hematology consultation. The 5 patients survived their VTE events; 2 only required oral anticoagulation, 2 required IV heparin then oral, and 1 required tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) then oral. VTE with abdominoplasty occurred in 0 of 399 cases prior to the use of TXA and in 4 of 98 cases after the use of TXA in the tumescent. Although the occurrence of VTE with abdominoplasty increased with the use of TXA for the senior author, this retrospective case study does not prove a causal relationship between TXA and VTE.
RESUMO
BugGuide.net is a website where arthropod photographs submitted by the public are identified by professional and amateur entomologists. In April 2023 posts containing "bitten" or "stung" were reviewed. Of 39 verified bites, 10 were blood-feeding insects. Others included 9 Heteroptera, 6 spiders, 6 lacewings. 110 posts of stings included 44 social Hymenoptera, 33 solitary Hymenoptera, 5 Heteroptera, 20 caterpillars and 4 scorpions. Injury from lacewing larvae, true bugs, solitary Hymenoptera and caterpillars was unexpectedly common.