RESUMO
Human type II hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (HADH II/ABAD) is an oxidoreductase whose salient features include broad substrate specificity, encompassing 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA derivatives, hydroxysteroids, alcohols and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the capacity to bind amyloid-beta peptide, leading to propagation of amyloid-induced cell stress. In this study, we examine the structure and enzymatic activity of the homologous rat HADH II/ABAD enzyme. We report the crystal structure of rat HADH II/ABAD as a binary complex with its NADH cofactor to 2.0 A resolution, as a ternary complex with NAD(+) and 3-ketobutyrate (acetoacetate) to 1.4 A resolution, and as a ternary complex with NADH and 17 beta-estradiol to 1.7 A resolution. This first crystal structure of an HADH II confirms these enzymes are closely related to the short-chain hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and differ substantially from the classic, type I 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases. Binding of the ketobutyrate substrate is accompanied by closure of the active site specificity loop, whereas the steroid substrate does not appear to require closure for binding. Despite the different chemical nature of the two bound substrates, the presentation of chemical groups within the active site of each complex is remarkably similar, allowing a general mechanism for catalytic activity to be proposed. There is a characteristic extension to the active site that is likely to accommodate the CoA moiety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA substrates. Rat HADH II/ABAD also binds amyloid-beta (1-40) peptide with a K(D) of 21 nM, which is similar to the interaction exhibited between this peptide and human HADH II/ABAD. These studies provide the first structural insights into HADH II/ABAD interaction with its substrates, and indicate the relevance of the rodent enzyme and associated rodent models for analysis of HADH II/ABAD's physiologic and pathophysiologic properties.
Assuntos
3-Hidroxiacil-CoA Desidrogenases/química , 3-Hidroxiacil-CoA Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Oxirredutases do Álcool/química , Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , Acetoacetatos/metabolismo , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Catálise , Coenzima A/metabolismo , Sequência Conservada , Cristalografia por Raios X , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estrona/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , NAD/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Ratos , Alinhamento de Sequência , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
One of the great challenges in America today is the stewardship of its not-for-profit institutions. While the profit motive may be absent in the running of such organizations, the demand for thoughtful budgeting, cost accounting, and financial skills still exists. Voluntary community hospitals in particular--given the economic realities of the day--need leadership, reciprocal education, and future planning. Speaking from his own experience, the author presents an activist's perspective on hospital boards; but service to other types of not-for-profit institutions involves similar demands for change.