The utility of point-of-care dynamic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of subtle isolated ligamentous Lisfranc injuries: a cadaveric study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess if Lisfranc injury can be detected by US with and without abduction stress. METHODS: Eight cadaveric feet were obtained. The following measurements were obtained in the uninjured feet: C1M2 and C1C2 intervals and TMT1 and TMT2 dorsal step-off distances. Measurements were obtained both with and without abduction stress using ultrasound. The injury model was created by transecting the Lisfranc ligament complex, after which the observers performed the measurements again. Statistical analysis was used to identify differences between intact and injured models, to determine diagnostic cut-off values for identifying Lisfranc injuries, and to assess interobserver/intraobserver reliability. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the mean C1M2 interval, both with and without abduction stress, between the intact and torn Lisfranc ligament (p < 0.001). A C1M2 interval with stress of > 2.03 mm yielded 81% sensitivity and 72% specificity for Lisfranc disruption. There was no significant difference in the mean C1C2 interval of the torn versus intact Lisfranc ligament without stress (p = 0.10); however, the distance was significantly different with the application of stress (p < 0.001). The C1C2 interval of > 1.78 mm yielded 72% sensitivity and 69% specificity for Lisfranc injury under stress. There were no significant differences in the mean TMT1 or TMT2 dorsal step-off measurements between the intact and torn Lisfranc ligaments. All observers showed good intraobserver ICCs. The interobserver ICCs for all measurements were good or excellent, except for TMT1, which was moderate. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is a promising point-of-care imaging tool to detect Lisfranc ligamentous injuries when measuring C1M2 and C1C2 distances under abduction stress.

Lower extremity ultrasound-guided interventions: tendon, ligament, and plantar fascia.

Lower extremity tendinopathy and soft tissue injury are common clinical problems that can cause significant disability. Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive treatments using orthobiologics and image-guided percutaneous treatments continue to gain relevance with an ever-growing body of literature. We review the indications, technique, risks, and benefits according to the literature of common ultrasound-guided interventions utilized in the lower extremities.

Safety of local anesthetics in cervical nerve root injections: a narrative review.

Severe neurological adverse events have been reported after fluoroscopically guided cervical nerve root injections. Particulate corticosteroids inadvertently injected intraarterially and iatrogenic vertebral artery trauma have been implicated in these outcomes. This has raised concern for the potential consequences of including local anesthetic with these injections. As a result, some providers have now discontinued the routine administration of local anesthetic with corticosteroid when performing cervical nerve root injections. At present, there is no consensus regarding whether the use of local anesthetic in this context is safe. Here, the current literature is synthesized into a narrative review aiming to clarify current perspectives of the safety of local anesthetics in cervical nerve root injections.

Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Citrobacter koseri in a Patient With Spina Bifida, an Ileal Conduit and Renal Caluli Progressing to Peri-nephric Abscess and Empyema.

Urological problems are common in spina bifida and are often treated with urinary diversions. Spina bifida and ileal conduits put patients at increased risk for ascending urinary tract infections. Here we present a novel case of a Citrobacter koseri urinary tract infection complicated by a perinephric abscess with pleural extension. To our knowledge, no case of an ascending C. koseri UTI progressing to peri-nephric abscess and empyema by direct extension exists in the literature.