[The specific features of the serum pattern in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The specific features of the serum pattern were studied in 340 tuberculosis patients with different forms and phases of a specific process, by using wedge dehydration. In patients with tuberculosis, the predominant serum morphological type was established to be an ordered one with the radial pattern being preserved (50.3%) (r = 0.95); out of the pathological masses, toxic plaques (77.65%) and protein zone folds (66.2%) were prevalent (r = 0.98). In patients with circumscribe pulmonary tuberculosis and the productive course of the process, there was a preponderance of an ordered serum morphological type and indistinct markers of intoxication and lung tissue sclerosis. Disseminated tuberculosis with decay and complications was marked by a depressive serum morphological type [37.6% (r = 0.72)], severe metabolic disturbances, and markers of intoxication and lung tissue sclerosis.

[Influence of environmental factors on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Astrakhan region]. / Vliianie ékologicheskikh faktorov na épidemiologiiu tuberkuleza v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

The epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Astrakhan Region depends on many causes among which environmental factors do not take last places; a significant positive correlation with which was observed in 41.5 and 52% cases in the rural areas of the Astrakhan Region and in Astrakhan, respectively. The proportion of environmental factors among the causes in noticeably higher in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, in chronic destructive forms in particular, and in first detected bacillary patients.

Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid by molecular biological methods.

Mutations in the rpoB, katG, inhA, oxyR/ahpC genes in rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis strains isolated from residents of Moscow, Astrakhan', and Moldova Republic were studied by molecular biological methods (heteroduplex analysis, single strand conformational polymorphism, biochips). Twenty-five combinations of mutations were detected. Some differences in the type distribution of detected mutations were found. The use of biochips is the most perspective method for determining the type of mutation.

[Laser therapy and cryomassage in rehabilitation of patients with facial nerve neuropathy]. / Lazeroterapiia i kriomassazh v vosstanovitel'nom lechenii bol'nykh s nevropatiei litsevogo nerva.

Cryomassage and its combination with low-intensity infra-red laser radiation have been introduced as a novel treatment of facial nerve neuropathy (FNN) in 32 patients. Electrophysiological investigations (facial thermography, classical electrodiagnosis, electromyography of the mimic muscles) and clinical data including those of long-term follow-up show that neither cryomassage nor infra-red laser radiation studied promote transformation of facial tissues in FNN patients. Use of the above factors is effective in a preclinical stage of forming contracture of the mimic muscles. Special techniques of application of local hypothermia and laser radiation can be used in multimodality treatment of both the established contracture and sluggish paresis of the facial muscles.

[The optimization of an early rehabilitation program for cerebral stroke patients: the use of different methods of magneto- and laser therapy]. / Optimizatsiia programmy rannei reabilitatsii bol'nykh tserebral'nym insul'tom: primenenie razlichnykh metodik magnito- i lazerterapii.

Magnetotherapy and laser therapy were used in complex and complex-combined regimens in 75 patients after cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke starting on the poststroke week 4-5. Clinico-neurologic, neurophysiological and cerebrohemodynamic findings evidence for the highest effectiveness of neurorehabilitation including complex magneto-laser therapy in hemispheric ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke of subcortical location in the absence of marked clinico-tomographic signs of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Complex-combined magneto-laser therapy is more effective for correction of spastic dystonia. Mutual potentiation of magnetotherapy and laser therapy results in maximal development of collateral circulation and cerebral hemodynamic reserve (84% of the patients). Complex effects manifest in arteriodilating and venotonic effects. Complex magneto-laser therapy is accompanied by reduction of hyperthrombocythemia and hyperfibrinogenemia.

[The comparative efficacy of methods for the cryo-electropulse therapy of osteoarthrosis patients]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' metodov krioélektroimpul'snoi terapii bol'nykh osteoartrozom.

Comparative trials of two methods of cryoelectroimpulse therapy in combination with kinesitherapy and massage performed in 132 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) demonstrated that both methods relieve pain syndrome, improve peripheral circulation, condition of the neuromuscular system. Overall course effectiveness of parallel use of cryotherapy and transcutaneous electroneurostimulation (cryo-TCENS) combined with exercise and massage was found less than that of cryotherapy and sinusoidal modulated currents (cryoamplipulsetherapy). However, the effect of a single cryo-TCENS procedure was rather high. This may be explained by a labile technique which allows impact on the most painful (trigger) zones in OA patients. Thus, cryo-TCENS should be applied in short courses (maximum 6 procedures) or in single impacts in severe OA pain while cryoamplipulstherapy is more effective in courses consisting of 10-12 procedures.

[The skin tuberculin sensitivity of students at the Astrakhan Medical Institute and its dynamics over the course of 36 years (1957-1993)]. / Kozhnaia tuberkulinovaia chuvstvitel'nost' studentov Astrakhanskogo meditsinskogo instituta i ee dinamika na protiazhenii 36 let (1957--1993 gg.).

More than 10,000 first-to-sixth year students have undergone the Mantoux test (MT) for 36 years. Before 1980, the tuberculin sensitivity of the students declined rapidly (as high as 3% per year), then more slowly (1%), persons with tuberculin hypersensitivity reduced in number, and the previously observed rise in the proportion of tuberculin-positive persons among the first-to-second year students becoming fourth-to-sixth year ones. Recently, the number of MT-positive students has stopped increasing, but there has been a growth in the share of persons with an indurate of MT with 2 TE in 10-20 min (from 36.1e4.0 to 51.3e4.0%) with the still permanent proportion of tuberculin-hypersensitive students and without any increase in the incidence of tuberculosis among pupils. The authors hold that this phenomenon is the first sign of poor epidemiology. In this connection, they consider that mass MT with 2 TE performed in individuals with an indurate of above 10 mm is noteworthy as this is a growth index of the specific sensitization of the population and they are to be systematically tested.

[The use of interference currents with patients in the late recovery period after an ischemic stroke and with patients with cervical osteochondrosis and a pain syndrome]. / Primenenie interferentsionnykh tokov u bol'nykh v pozdnem vosstanovitel'nom periode posle ishemicheskogo insul'ta i u bol'nykh sheinym osteokhondrozom s bolevym sindromom.

The authors' experience in the use of interference currents (IC) in postapoplectic (PA) and cervical osteochondrosis (CO) patients led them to the following conclusions: a course of IC treatment (dynamic field) brings the response in 62-70% of PA patients, but a complete response is not reached because of the disease severity; in CO patients the response is achieved in 86% of patients; a single IC procedure entails a significant reduction in heart rate; IC course in CO patients increases blood filling of brachial vessels and decreases vascular tone on the affected side; IC course in PA patients significantly increases blood filling and reduces vascular tone in the vessels on both affected and unaffected sides; single and course IC improves hemodynamics in the external carotid arteries and normalizes venous outflow in the region of vertebral and external carotid arteries in 1/3 of PA patients; in CA patients cerebral circulation improves in 90%. In the above diseases optimal parameters are thought to be: frequency change per second 40-60 Hz within 7 minutes and 100-120-100-40-60-40 Hz during 7 minutes.

[The temperature reaction of rabbits to local microwave exposures]. / Temperaturnaia reaktsiia krolikov na lokal'nye vozdeistviia mikrovolnami.

A rapid increase of skin temperature after discontinuation of local microwave (MW) exposure of the heart and thyroid indicates a vasomotor response in the exposed and adjacent zones. The infrared radiation (IR) of the particular parts of skin surface before and after local MW exposures (460 MHz, current density 10, 120 and 230 mW/cm2) of the rabbit heart and thyroid regions was registered by IR thermograph. The investigations were performed on un-narcotized, narcotized (nembutal 40 mg/kg) animals, on rabbits with anaesthetized skin receptors (lidocaine 100 mg) and on carcasses. The changes observed depended on the exposure site, functional status of the rabbits and MW current density. The energy-depending reactions are attributed to direct myocardial reactions and extracardiac vegetative responses in the cardiac and thyroid exposures, respectively.

[The dynamics of the cerebral circulation under the influence of laser therapy in patients with circulatory encephalopathy]. / Dinamika mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia pod vliianiem lazeroterapii u bol'nykh s distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatiei.

The cerebral circulation was rheoencephalographically studied in 23 patients before the first session and after a course of pulse laser exposures at 80 Hz and at a wavelength of 0.89 microns. There was a positive dynamics in 42.9 and 56.1% of cases, as evidenced by rheoencephalography of the vertebral and internal carotid artery beds, respectively. Negative vascular responses were likely to occur as impaired intracranial venous circulation. Rheoencephalographic changes were found to be associated with the Doppler ultrasound findings of the capital great vessels and with neurological data.

[The effect of cryo- and cryoelectrotherapy on regional hemodynamics in coxarthrosis patients]. / Vliianie krio- i krioélektroterapii na regional'nuiu gemodinamiku u bol'nykh koksartrozom.

Physiotherapy (cryo-, cryoelectrotherapy or sinusoidal modulated currents) and therapeutic exercise were included in the course of rehabilitation given to 110 coxitis patients. Less pronounced reduction in microcirculation in the cooled tissue was registered in the exposure to a single cryoelectrotherapy procedure than to a single cryotherapy one, activation of the blood flow that followed was more intensive. Positive trends in the local and peripheral circulation were more evident after cryo- or cryoelectrotherapy.