RESUMO
The autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) refers to a combination of autoimmune endocrine disorders. It is rarely described in dogs. The most common combinations are hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism, followed by diabetes mellitus, and less often hypoparathyroidism and orchitis. The diagnosis of the APS is based on the diagnosis of each endocrinopathy, as is the therapy, which involves the substitution of deficient hormones. If a patient was previously stable under treatment and is showing further signs (e.g. polyuria, polydipsia, or weight loss), the development of additional endocrinopathies like hypoadrenocorticism or diabetes mellitus should be considered. The diagnosis of the initially diagnosed endocrinopathy should also be critically questioned. This article summarizes some cases of our own animal hospital and selected cases published in the available literature.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Doenças do Cão , Hipoparatireoidismo , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes , Masculino , Cães , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/veterinária , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes/terapia , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes/veterinária , Síndrome , Hipoparatireoidismo/diagnóstico , Hipoparatireoidismo/terapia , Hipoparatireoidismo/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/terapiaRESUMO
Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathies in dogs. In rare cases, it may be associated with further endocrinopathies. The most common combination is the con-currence of hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on the measurement of thyroid hormones (T4/fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). As thyroid hormone concentrations in the blood are influenced by various factors (e.â g. systemic diseases or drugs), test results must be interpreted in conjunction with complaints demonstrated by the patient. In cases when diagnosis is not definite, stimulating tests or diagnostic imaging techniques (ultrasound, scintigraphy) are advisable. Dogs with hypothyroidism should be diagnosed and treated with thyroid hormones. When addiditional clinical signs are not consistent with hypothyroidism, co-existing additional endocrinopathies need to be considered. Furthermore, when treatment fails to result in the expected clinical response, the diagnosis of hypothyroidism must be subject to critical re-evaluation. This article provides an overview of the current diagnostic and treatment methods in canine hypothyroidism.