RESUMO
A 1,2,4-triazole motif was employed as a bioisostere for the ester commonly used in muscarinic antagonists, and subsequent integrative conjugation to a ß2 agonist quinolinone furnished a new class of bifunctional MABAs for the treatment of COPD. Medicinal chemistry optimization using the principles of 'inhalation by design' furnished a clinical candidate with desirable pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties.
Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/síntese química , Broncodilatadores/síntese química , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/síntese química , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Triazóis/síntese química , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/farmacocinética , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/farmacologia , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Broncoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Broncodilatadores/farmacocinética , Broncodilatadores/farmacologia , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Cães , Humanos , Ipratrópio/farmacologia , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacocinética , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptor Muscarínico M3/antagonistas & inibidores , Xinafoato de Salmeterol/farmacologia , Brometo de Tiotrópio/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacocinética , Triazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
A novel tertiary amine series of potent muscarinic M(3) receptor antagonists are described that exhibit potential as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Geminal dimethyl functionality present in this series of compounds confers very long dissociative half-life (slow off-rate) from the M(3) receptor that mediates very long-lasting smooth muscle relaxation in guinea pig tracheal strips. Optimization of pharmacokinetic properties was achieved by combining rapid oxidative clearance with targeted introduction of a phenolic moiety to secure rapid glucuronidation. Together, these attributes minimize systemic exposure following inhalation, mitigate potential drug-drug interactions, and reduce systemically mediated adverse events. Compound 47 (PF-3635659) is identified as a Phase II clinical candidate from this series with in vivo duration of action studies confirming its potential for once-daily use in humans.
Assuntos
Azetidinas/síntese química , Broncodilatadores/síntese química , Ácidos Difenilacéticos/síntese química , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor Muscarínico M3/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Azetidinas/química , Azetidinas/farmacologia , Broncodilatadores/química , Broncodilatadores/farmacologia , Células CHO , Linhagem Celular , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Ácidos Difenilacéticos/química , Ácidos Difenilacéticos/farmacologia , Cães , Feminino , Cobaias , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Ensaio Radioligante , Ratos , Receptor Muscarínico M3/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueia/fisiologiaRESUMO
This paper describes the successful design and development of dual pharmacology ß-2 agonists-M3 antagonists, for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder using the principles of 'inhalation by design'. A key feature of this work is the combination of balanced potency and pharmacodynamic duration with desirable pharmacokinetic and material properties, whilst keeping synthetic complexity to a minimum.
Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2 , Desenho de Fármacos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Administração por Inalação , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/administração & dosagem , Animais , Compostos Benzidrílicos/administração & dosagem , Cresóis/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Cobaias , Estrutura Molecular , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administração & dosagem , Fenilpropanolamina/administração & dosagem , Tartarato de TolterodinaRESUMO
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists is described leading through to human pharmacokinetic data for a clinical candidate.
Assuntos
Agonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/química , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Químicos , Fenetilaminas/química , Purinas/química , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. A strategy of minimizing side-effect liability by maximizing systemic clearance was followed and pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists described. A sevenfold improvement in potency and 150-fold reduction in side-effect liability over the lead compound CGS-21680, were obtained.