[Clinical study of lumbar stability after unilateral biportal endoscopy in the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases].

Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease (DLD) and its impact on postoperative lumbar stability. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. A total of 109 cases of DLD treated with UBE in the Department of Orthopaedic, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2020 to June 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 47 males and 62 females, aged (53.3±8.2) years (range: 21 to 80 years). The surgical segments were single segment in 80 cases, two segments in 25 cases, and three segments in 4 cases. The low back pain and leg pain of visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were evaluated before and after operation. The modified MacNab criteria were used for evaluation of the clinical consequences. Postoperative three-dimensional lumbar CT was performed to observe the preservation of the facet joints and the angle of the medial surface of the facetectomy(ß angle). At 12 months after surgery, X ray of the flexion and extension lumbar spine were reviewed. The comparison and analysis of the data were conducted using paired sample t tests or generalized estimation equations. Results: All 109 patients underwent operative procedures successfully. The operation time was (94.5±37.1) minutes (range:56 to 245 minutes), the times of X ray was 6.8±4.0 (range:4 to 16 times), and the days of hospitalization was (5.3±3.7) days (range:4 to 14 days). Complications included dural tears in 4 cases, transient lower limb numbness in 4 cases, epidural hematoma in 2 case. The follow-up time was (19.6±7.2) months (range:12 to 36 months). The postoperative low back pain VAS, leg pain VAS, JOA score and ODI were significantly improved(all P<0.05). According to the modified MacNab criteria, the excellent and good rate was 88.99%(97/109) at 12 months after surgery. One case underwent revision surgery because of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. In term of radiographic evaluation, the area of the surgical side facet joints after UBE surgery was reserved more than 60%. The ß angle was less than 90° in all patients. After 12 months of surgery, there was no surgical segment instability or spondylolisthesis by the X-ray of the flexion and extension lumbar spine. Conclusion: UBE can achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of DLD, and maintain the stability of the lumbar spine.

[Interaction of SENP6 with PINK1 Promotes Temozolomide Resistance in Neuroglioma Cells via Inducing the Mitophagy].

Temozolomide resistance is a major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in neuroglioma. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that mitophagy is involved in drug resistance in various tumor types. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in temozolomide resistance in glioma remain unclear. In this study, mitophagy levels in temozolomide-resistant and -sensitive cell lines were evaluated. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitophagy were explored through RNA sequencing, and the roles of differentially expressed genes in mitophagy and temozolomide resistance were investigated. We found that mitophagy promotes temozolomide resistance in glioma. Specifically, small ubiquitin-like modifier specific protease 6 (SENP6) promoted temozolomide resistance in glioma by inducing mitophagy. Protein-protein interactions between SENP6 and the mitophagy executive protein PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) resulted in a reduction in small ubiquitin-like modifier 2 (SUMO2)ylation of PINK1, thereby enhancing mitophagy. Our study demonstrates that by inducing mitophagy, the interaction of SENP6 with PINK1 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Therefore, targeting SENP6 or directly regulating mitophagy could be a potential and novel therapeutic target for reversing temozolomide resistance in glioma.

[Merkel cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 10 cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 10 patients with MCC were collected at the 940th Hospital of PLA. The histological characteristics were examined. Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1), broad-spectrum cytokeratin (CKpan), CK20, S-100, Ki-67, CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and other markers in the 10 cases. Results: Intradermal MCC of the skin showed a nested, cord-like, cribriform distribution, polygonal cells, uniform size, and lack of cytoplasm. Tumor cell nuclei were large and round, with clear nuclear membranes, fine and scattered chromatin, absence of nucleoli, and mitotic figures of 10 per 50 high power fields. Among them, one patient had sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ, one patient had squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and one patient had unique cell morphology. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all cancer cells expressed CKpan, synaptophysin and CD56. There were seven cases with perinuclear dot-like positivity of CK20. Six MCCs expressed chromogranin A to varying degrees, while 2 MCCs were weakly positive for p63. The nuclear positive index in the Ki-67 hotspot area was 60%. Conclusion: The histology of MCC varies. Rendering a correct diagnosis of MCC requires adequate sampling, close correlation with clinical history and rational use of immunohistochemical staining. The treatment requires standardized surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and multimodal chemotherapy. Immunotherapy may replace the traditional treatment in the future.

[The clinical effect of percutaneous curved kyphoplasty for osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of percutaneous curved kyphoplasty (PCK) for osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Methods: This is a prospective study.Patients with OVCF who underwent PCK at the Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2018 to June 2019 were included.All the operations were performed by the same surgeon.X-ray examination was performed before and after the operation to measure the vertebral height and Cobb angle.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were evaluated before and after the operation,and the amount of bone cement injected was record.The leakage rate and distribution of bone cement was observed by CT examination after the operation,and the postoperative complications was collected during the follow-up.Paired-t test was used to compare the related indexes before and after operation. Results: There were 32 patients in our study,including 8 males and 24 females,aged (74.9±9.9) years (range:64 to 81 years).The intraoperative bone cement injection volume was (4.2±1.5) ml(range:2 to 6 ml).According to the classification of distribution of bone cement,28 cases were rated as type Ⅰ and 4 cases were rated as type Ⅱ. Bone cement leakage was observed in 12 cases (37.5%),and there was no intraspinal leakage or venous leakage.The vertebral height was improved from (21.9±6.2) mm preoperatively to (24.3±4.3) mm postoperatively(t=-2.836,P=0.008),Cobb angle improved from(M(QR))14°(15°)preoperatively to 12.5°(12.75°)postoperatively(Z=-1.950,P=0.051),VAS improved from 6.8±0.7 preoperatively to 1.7±0.8 postoperatively (t=28.946,P<0.01),ODI score improved from 73.4±7.3 preoperatively to 21.3±5.7 postoperatively (t=32.250,P<0.01).The patients were followed up for (19.7±3.7) months (range:15 to 29 months).One patient had refracture (3.1%,1/32),and no other complications such as neurological dysfunction and pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions: The clinical effect of PCK in the treatment of OVCF was satisfactory.This technique could reduce the difficulty of puncture to a certain extent,and be beneficial to the distribution of bone cement.

[Attaches the great importance of routine biopsy in vertebral augmentation].

Vertebral compression fractures(VCFs) are severe and common complications of osteoporosis. Most VCFs were caused by osteopenia or osteoporosis. Nevertheless, spinal metastases probably result in pathological fractures that easily confused with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs). Using biopsy during vertebral augmentation(VA) is considered as the golden standard protocol to rule out pathological VCFs. Up to data, conventionally using biopsy during VA is suggested by more and more researchers to confirm the etiology of VCFs and to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of spinal metastases with pathological vertebral fractures as the first manifestation. For patients with spinal metastases, histological evaluation of vertebral biopsy specimens is convenient for further treatment.

Drug efficacies on bone mineral density and fracture rate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Globally, a great number of elderly suffer from osteoporosis, especially postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis results in low bone mineral density (BMD) and high risk of fragility fracture. However, there is no defined strategy to select the most suitable anti-osteoporotic drugs for osteoporosis patients. Therefore, this study aims to select the most effective anti-osteoporotic drug for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Raw data from the related randomized clinical trials were extracted. A pairwise and network meta-analysis model was utilized to assess the efficacy of ten drugs on the percentage change of BMD in the lumbar spine and total hip from baseline to one year of treatment. Risks of vertebral fracture and non-vertebral fracture were evaluated as well. We reported the effect size with a weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous outcomes and odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes. All the drugs were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value. Furthermore, the heterogeneity, consistency and publication bias of enrolled literature were assessed. RESULTS: With regard to lumbar spine BMD, the ten selected drugs all showed significant efficacy compared with placebo. In regard to total hip BMD and vertebral fracture, with the exception of calcitonin, the remaining nine drugs all showed significant efficacy compared with placebo. Six drugs - abaloparatide, alendronate, risedronate, strontium ranelate, teriparatide, and zoledronate - were significantly more effective compared with placebo for the treatment of non-vertebral fractures. As the SUCRA values indicated, abaloparatide performed the best on improving lumbar spine BMD, vertebral fracture and non-vertebral fracture, while denosumab was the best choice to improve total hip BMD. CONCLUSIONS: To sum up, abaloparatide, denosumab, and teriparatide showed the best efficacy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially abaloparatide.

[Surgical results and sagittal alignment analysis of different fusion levels for degenerative scoliosis].

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the effects of long segment fusion and short segment fusion on lumbar sagittal alignment and quality of life in patients with degenerative scoliosis. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2014, 75 patients with degenerative scoliosis were treated with pedicle screw fixation. Total of 56 females and 19 males were included in this study. Fifty-four patients underwent short-segment fusion (≤3 segments) and 21 patients underwent long-segment fusion (>3 segments). The average age of the patients was (63±8) years. The patients were followed-up for a mean time of (2.9±1.3) years. The postoperative follow-up included Cobb angle, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, visual analogue scale of pain on lumbar and lower extremities and Oswestry disability index. Fusion levels, blood loss, surgery length and postoperative hospital stay were recorded. All above parameters were evaluated statistically with Student's t test. Results: The short segment fusion group averaged (1.8±0.7) segments, and the long segment fusion group averaged (5.2±1.6) segments. Coronal Cobb angle changed from (21.3±7.8) degrees preoperatively to (15.3±5.6) degrees at final follow-up in short-segment fusion group (t=2.315, P=0.024) and from (44.5±11.2) degrees preoperatively to (11.4±5.8) degrees at the final follow-up in long-segment fusion group (t=8.214, P<0.01). In the short segment fixation group, the preoperative lumbar lordosis changed from (44.3±9.7) degrees to (48.9±8.2) degrees at final follow-up (t=2.123, P=0.038), and it changed from (25.3±9.5) degrees to (52.1±11.2) degrees in the long segment fusion group (t=5.982, P<0.01). The sacral slope in the short segment fusion group increased from (22.6±6.8) degrees preoperatively to (34.1±7.5) degrees at the final follow-up (t=2.872, P=0.006), and it increased from (12.1±9.5) degrees to (37.8±8.4) degrees in long segment fusion group (t=7.314, P<0.01). The pelvic tilt in the short segment fusion group changed from (23.5±5.5) degrees preoperatively to (19.5±4.7) degrees at final follow-up (t=2.217, P=0.031), and it decreased from (27.1±6.1) degrees to (22.9±4.3) degrees in the long segment fusion group(t=2.131, P=0.045). The visual analogue scale of pain on lumbar and lower extremities and Oswestry disability index were all improved after the operation in both groups. Conclusions: Both short segment fusion and long segment fusion can achieve satisfactory surgical results and improves the spinal-pelvic parameters. Short segment fusion can reduce surgery trauma and shorten hospital stay relative to long segment fixation.

[Topping-off surgery versus double-segment fusion for treatment of lumbar degenerative disease with mid-long term follow-up].

Objective: To compare the mid-long term clinical effect of Topping-off surgery and lumbar fusion surgery for two-segmental lumbar degenerative disease. Methods: From March 2009 to March 2012, one hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients (Topping-off surgery and two-segment PLIF surgery) were studied in Orthopedics Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University.The VAS and ODI were used to assess clinical symptoms.All patients underwent flexion/extension radiographs examinations before surgery, 1, 2 years and last follow-up postoperatively.Lumbar lordosis, sacral slop, data of Coflex segment and adjacent segment (disc height index, range of motion, foraminal height, foraminal width and Pfirrmann classification of intervertebral disc in MRI) were recorded.The paired double-tailed t test was used to analyze the differences in the results from baseline to each postoperative time point.The paired double-tailed t test was used in both groups to analyze the differences in the results from baseline to each postoperative time point.The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences between the incidences of adjacent segment degeneration(ASD) in the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for developing radiographic ASD. Results: In topping-off group, 60 patients, average operation time was (134.5±10.2) min. The average blood loss was (301.5±64.6) ml.In fusion group, 68 patients, average age (58.3±4.6) years.The average follow-up time was (47.5±5.1) months.The average operation time was (158.6±19.3) min (P=0.000). The average blood loss was (413.6±131.3) ml (P=0.000). Sex, age, body mass index and intervertebral disc grading were matched between the two groups.Better improvement in VAS back pain score was noted in the topping-off group over the fusion group (P=0.030). Both groups achieved good recovery in ODI and improvement in VAS leg pain and back pain scores at last follow-up postoperatively.In the Topping-off group, FH increased from 10.5 mm at baseline to 11.8 mm at 1 year after surgery (P=0.000) and then decreased mildly in the third postoperative year, while in the fusion group, showed no significant change at all postoperative time points.In the fusion group, the disc height and FW at the same segment were no significant change after first year follow-up, while ROM was significantly decreased after surgery (P=0.000). Foraminal height, foraminal width and intervertebral disc height of adjacent segment of Coflex implant level were found decreased at the end of the postoperative follow-up, while compared with preoperative data no significant difference (P>0.05). At last follow-up, eight patients (13.3%) in the Topping-off group and eighteen patients (26.5%) in the fusion group developed ASD (P=0.033). Conclusions: Topping-off surgery compared with two-segment lumbar fusion surgery can achieve a good result in cases with pre-existing mild or moderate adjacent segment degeneration, restrict the adjacent segment's range of motion and reduce the adjacent segment degeneration. Under strict indications, Topping-off surgery is an acceptable alternative to fusion surgery for the treatment of two-segment lumbar disease.

Evaluation of the predictors of postoperative aggravation of shoulder imbalance in severe and rigid thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the predictors of postoperative aggravation of shoulder imbalance in severe and rigid thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis. METHODS: In this study, 49 patients with severe and rigid thoracic or thoracolumbar scoliosis were analyzed retrospectively. The patients underwent whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiography preoperatively and postoperatively. On the radiographs, we measured parameters, including T1 tilt, radiographic shoulder height (RSH), proximal curve, middle curve, distal curve, apical vertebral translation (AVT) of the middle curve, thoracic trunk shift (TTS), coronal balance, and sagittal balance. We regarded RSH and T1 tilt as postoperative shoulder balance parameters and divided the patients into improved and aggravated groups of shoulder imbalance. Univariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS: The RSH was -17.01 ± 21.85 mm before surgery and 4.76 ± 18.11 mm at follow-up. The T1 tilt angle was -10.20° ± 19.53° before surgery and -2.72° ± 13.48° at follow-up. The results of the univariate analysis suggest that preoperative RSH and proximal to middle curve change ratio were significantly higher in the patients in the improved RSH group (p < 0.01). In addition, preoperative RSH, preoperative T1 tilt, and apical vertebral translation of the middle curve were significantly higher, and preoperative proximal curve, postoperative proximal curve, and preoperative distal curve were significantly lower in the patients with improved T1 tilt group (p < 0.01). In a binary logistic regression analysis, preoperative RSH [B = -0.120, odds ratio (OR) = 0.887, p = 0.006] was found to be an independent predictor of postoperative aggravation of RSH. Similarly, preoperative T1 tilt (B = -0.488, OR = 0.614, p = 0.001) was found to be an independent predictor of postoperative aggravation of T1 tilt. Moreover, the relationship between changes in RSH and T1 tilt was either concordant or discordant. CONCLUSION: Several radiographic parameters were found to affect postoperative aggravation of RSH and T1 tilt. In particular, preoperative RSH and T1 tilt were found to be independent predictive factors of postoperative aggravation of RSH and T1 tilt, respectively.

Alcoholic Extract of Lotus Leaves Improves Lipid Profile in Rats with HIV Protease Inhibitor-induced Dyslipidaemia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the alcoholic extract of lotus leaves (AELL) on antiretroviral treatment-induced dyslipidaemia in a rat model. METHODS: Lotus leaves were extracted by 95% ethanol. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were given lopinavir/ritonavir for six weeks. At week 0 and 6, sera were collected for measurement of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Rats meeting the criteria for dyslipidaemia were assigned to four groups and received once daily for another four weeks lopinavir/ritonavir (group A), lopinavir/ritonavir plus 0.52 g/kg AELL (group B), lopinavir/ritonavir plus 0.26 g/kg AELL (group C), or lopinavir/ritonavir plus 0.13 g/kg AELL (group D), respectively. At weeks 8 and 10, blood samples were collected again for measurement of TC or TG. RESULTS: Both TC and TG increased over time in group A during the observation period (weeks 6 to 10), however, TC and TG decreased in group B, and TG declined in group C. Neither TC nor TG could be reduced to a level near baseline. CONCLUSION: Alcoholic extract of lotus leaves may have the potential to treat dyslipidaemia related to highly active antiretroviral therapy, but may not be potent enough to reduce TC or TG concentrations to goal levels when used alone.

Using the modified Delphi method to establish a new Chinese clinical consensus of the treatments for cervical radiculopathy.

PURPOSE: Although cervical radiculopathy is very common, there is no standard treatment for this condition, with little high-level evidence available to guide the treatment choice. Thus, this study aimed to review the current data on the management of cervical radiculopathy; and, further, to establish a new Chinese clinical consensus of the treatments for cervical radiculopathy using the Delphi method. METHODS: First, a systematic review of the previously established treatment guidelines and of articles related to cervical radiculopathy was conducted to establish a protocol for the clinical consensus of the treatment for cervical radiculopathy. Second, from February 2012 to June 2014, we performed a modified Delphi survey in which the current professional opinions from 30 experienced experts, representing almost all of the Chinese provinces, were gathered. Three rounds were performed, and consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement. RESULTS: Consensus of the treatments for cervical radiculopathy was reached on seven aspects, including the proportion of patients requiring only non-surgical therapies; the effectiveness of neck immobilization, physiotherapy, pharmacologic treatment; surgical indications; contraindications; surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Delphi study conducted herein reached a consensus concerning several treatment issues for cervical radiculopathy. In the absence of high-level evidence, at present, these expert opinion findings will help guide health care providers to define the appropriate treatment in their regions. Items with no consensus provide excellent areas for future research.

DIAN: a novel algorithm for genome ontological classification.

Faced with the determination of many completely sequenced genomes, computational biology is now faced with the challenge of interpreting the significance of these data sets. A multiplicity of data-related problems impedes this goal: Biological annotations associated with raw data are often not normalized, and the data themselves are often poorly interrelated and their interpretation unclear. All of these problems make interpretation of genomic databases increasingly difficult. With the current explosion of sequences now available from the human genome as well as from model organisms, the importance of sorting this vast amount of conceptually unstructured source data into a limited universe of genes, proteins, functions, structures, and pathways has become a bottleneck for the field. To address this problem, we have developed a method of interrelating data sources by applying a novel method of associating biological objects to ontologies. We have developed an intelligent knowledge-based algorithm, to support biological knowledge mapping, and, in particular, to facilitate the interpretation of genomic data. In this respect, the method makes it possible to inventory genomes by collapsing multiple types of annotations and normalizing them to various ontologies. By relying on a conceptual view of the genome, researchers can now easily navigate the human genome in a biologically intuitive, scientifically accurate manner.