Association of GCKR rs780094 polymorphism with circulating lipid levels in type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia in Uygur Chinese.

To investigate the relationship between a GCKR rs780094 polymorphism and lipid profiles in the Xinjiang Uygur population in China. 980 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, 1017 hyperuricemia (HUA) and 1185 healthy controls were included in this study. After genotyping of rs780094 by Sequenom Mass ARRAY system, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for association analysis as well as a genotype-phenotype analysis. We found that the serum concentration of TC (P<0.001) was significantly higher and HDL-C (P<0.001) was lower in T2DM than in control participants. Subjects with HUA had a significantly higher TG (P=0.003) and lower HDL-C (P<0.001) than control participants. Additionally, under the recessive model, rs780094 was shown to be associated with the risk of HUA (P=0.015, OR=1.311), particularly in males (P=0.047, OR=1.330). Subsequent interaction analysis between rs780094 and lipid parameters showed that the TG level was positively correlated with HUA in the rs780094- AA+AG carriers (P=0.005). The TC concentrations showed to be associated with T2DM in the rs780094- AA+AG carriers (P<0.001). The association between lipid parameters and gender showed that significantly higher TG levels (P<0.001) and lower HDL-C levels (P<0.001) were observed in female HUA. Higher LDL-C levels were found in male HUA (P=0.015). Moreover, statistically higher TC levels and lower HDL-C levels were found both in male and female T2DM cases (TC: male: P<0.001, female: P=0.014. HDL-C: male: P<0.001, female: P<0.001.).To conclude, our results demonstrated that different genotypes of rs780094 had different effects on blood lipids in HUA and T2DM patients in a Uygur population. Gender was also one of the factors influencing blood lipid levels.

Metabolic Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Correlated Glycemic Control/Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study between Rural and Urban Uygur Residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a major global public health problem driven by a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To describe the differences of metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes, as well as glycemic control and complicated diabetic complications between rural and urban Uygur residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study, conducted among 2879 urban and 918 rural participants in Xinjiang, China, assessed the metabolic risk factors of diabetes and related complications differences between urban and rural settlements. RESULTS: Compared to rural areas, urban participants had higher education level and more average income, little physical activity, less triglycerides and higher HDL-c (p < 0.05 respectively). Differences in metabolic risk factors by urban/rural residence included overweight or obesity, triglycerides (≥1.71mmol/l), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), alcohol intake, and physical inactivity (p < 0.01 respectively). There was significant difference regarding the prevalence of HbA1c >8% (48.1% versus 54.5%, p = 0.019) between rural and urban diabetic participants. No significant difference in the prevalence of type 2 diabetic complications between urban and rural participants (74.9% versus 72.2%; p = 0.263) was detected. Compared to rural participants, the most prevalent modifiable risk factors associated with diabetic complications in urban participants were obesity (BMI ≥ 28 Kg/m2), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), physical inactivity and irregular eating habits (p = 0.035, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Urban settlers were significantly more likely to have metabolic risk factors highlighting the need for public health efforts to improve health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Diabetes related complications risk factors were prevalent amongst rural and urban diabetes settlers.

Association Between KCNQ1 Genetic Variants and Type 2 Diabetes in the Uyghur Population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between KCNQ1 gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an admixed ethnic minority, Uyghur population, living in the Northwest region of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We genotyped three tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs2283171, rs11023485, and rs2283208 of the KCNQ1 gene in 1006 T2D participants and 1004 controls and conducted association analysis. RESULTS: The frequencies of the AG and GG genotypes and the G allele of rs2283171 were higher in the control group (51.4%, 22%, and 47.7%, respectively) than in the case group (49%, 17.6%, and 42.1%, respectively). The minor G allele decreased the risk of T2D with a per-allele odds ratio of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.90) for the additive genetic model in univariate analysis (p = 0.0001). After adjustment for the covariates of age, gender, smoking, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), the diabetic protective effect of the rs2283171-G allele remained. No difference was observed in the frequency distributions of the rs11023485 and rs2283208 genotypes between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We identified a novel association between rs2283171 of KCNQ1 and T2D in the Uyghur population. Further association and functional studies are required to identify the causal functional variant that is in linkage disequilibrium with this polymorphism.