Effects of saponins Rb1 and Re in American ginseng combined intervention on immune system of aging model.

Aging is a major risk factor for the development of many pathological processes, such as reduced immunity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases or neurodegenerative diseases, while age-related chronic diseases are the most common causes of death. This paper studies the effects of American ginseng saponin Rb1 and Re alone and combined intervention on the immune system of aging mouse models, by using 30 mg/kg Rb1, 15 mg/kg Re, and Rb1 + Re (30 mg/kg Rb1 and 15 mg/kg Re (co-intervention) was used to intervene in the aging model, and immune indicators such as thymus index, spleen index, interleukin and interferon were detected to evaluate the impact of Rb1 and Re on immune function. The results show that Rb1 and Re intervention alone can increase the spleen index by 7%-12% and the thymus index by 12%-19% in the aging model. After Rb1 or Re alone intervened, the apoptotic cells in the thymus were slightly reduced, and the proportion of apoptotic cells was reduced. The combination of Rb1 + Re can promote the thymus index and spleen index to increase by 23.40% and 25.5% respectively, which is more advantageous than Rb1 or Re alone. In addition, Rb1 and Re intervention can reduce the level of interferon INF to a level comparable to that of young mice. Rb1 + Re can not only reduce the INF content, but also reduce the TNF content. The above results show that American ginseng saponin Rb1 and Re can delay the decline of the immune system in the aging model, and the combined intervention of the two is significantly better than individual intervention in the recovery of the immune system. This paper can provide theoretical basis and data support for the development of American ginseng nutritional supplements and its application in aging groups products to improve immunity.

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pectin from Actinidia arguta Sieb.et Zucc (A. arguta) extracted by ultrasonic.

Pectin was extracted from Actinidia arguta Sieb. et Zucc (A.arguta) using the ultrasound-assisted acid method and the single acid method. The physicochemical properties, structure, and antioxidant properties of two different pectins were investigated. The results showed that the extraction yield of the ultrasound-assisted acid method is higher than that of the single acid method. The molecular structure of A. arguta pectin extracted by the ultrasound-assisted acid method belongs to a mixed structure of RG-I and HG-type domains. Through structural feature analysis, the ultrasound-assisted extraction pectin (UAP) has a more branched structure than the single acid-extracted pectin (SAP). The SAP has a higher degree of esterification than the UAP. The physical property results show that the viscosity, solubility, and water-holding capacity of the UAP are better than those of the SAP. The antioxidant test results show that the hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing powers of the UAP are superior to those of the SAP. This study shows the composition, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity of A. arguta pectin extracted by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to provide a theoretical basis for its application as an antioxidant and other food additives in the food industry.

[Effect of Staphylococcal Nuclease and Tudor Domain Containing 1/SLC7A11 on the Occurrence and Development of Osteosarcoma by Inhibiting Ferroptosis].

Objective To investigate the effect of staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1(SND1) on the biological function of osteosarcoma cells and decipher the mechanism of SND1 in regulating ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells via SLC7A11. Methods Human osteoblasts hFOB1.19 and osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2,U2OS,HOS,and 143B were cultured,in which the expression level of SND1 was determined.Small interfering RNA was employed to knock down the expression of SND1(si-SND1) in the osteosarcoma cell line HOS and 143B.The CCK8 assay kit,colony formation assay,and Transwell assay were employed to examine the effect of SND1 expression on the biological function of osteosarcoma cells.Furthermore,we altered the expression of SND1 and SLC7A11 in osteosarcoma cells to investigate the effect of SND1 on osteosarcoma ferroptosis via SLC7A11. Results The mRNA and protein levels of SND1 in Saos-2,U2OS,HOS,and 143B cells were higher than those in hFOB1.19 cells(all P<0.01).Compared with the control group,transfection with si-SND1 down-regulated the expression level of SND1 in HOS and 143B cells(all P<0.01),decreased the viability of HOS and 143B cells,reduced the number of colony formation,and inhibited cell invasion and migration(all P<0.001).The ferroptosis inducer Erastin promoted the apoptosis of HOS and 143B cells,while the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 improved the viability of HOS and 143B cells(all P<0.001).After SND-1 knockdown,Erastin reduced the viability of HOS and 143B cells,while Ferrostatin-1 restored the cell viability(all P<0.001).After treatment with Erastin in the si-SND1 group,the levels of iron and malondialdehyde were elevated,and the level of glutathione was lowered(all P<0.001).The results of in vivo experiments showed that SND1 knockdown inhibited the mass of the transplanted tumor in 143B tumor-bearing nude mice(P<0.001).Knocking down the expression of SND1 resulted in down-regulated SLC7A11 expression(all P<0.001) and increased ferroptosis in HOS and 143B cells(P<0.001,P=0.020). Conclusions SND1 presents up-regulated expression in osteosarcoma cells.It may inhibit ferroptosis by up-regulating the expression of SLC7A11,thereby improving the viability of osteosarcoma cells.