RESUMO
We derive constraints on cosmological parameters and the properties of the lensing galaxies from gravitational lens statistics based on the final Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey data. For a flat universe with a classical cosmological constant, we find that the present matter fraction of the critical density is Omega(m)=0.31(+0.27)(-0.14) (68%)+0.12-0.10 (syst). For a flat universe with a constant equation of state for dark energy w=p(x)(pressure)/rho(x)(energy density), we find w<-0.55(+0.18)(-0.11) (68%).
RESUMO
One of the key goals of health promotion strategies in the UK and other developed countries is to reduce the prevalence of cigarette consumption. While overall smoking rates in the UK have fallen over the last few decades, they have barely fallen for the least advantaged adults (Department of Health, 1998a). There is a need for interventions that are suitable for lower socio-economic status (SES) smokers that have undergone rigorous evaluation. This study describes a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with smokers from a deprived area of London. At 6 months follow-up, 21 (17.2%) of 122 participants receiving therapy were abstinent and 14 (11.5%) had reduced cigarette consumption by at least 25% of pre-treatment level. Six (5.6%) of 107 participants in the control group were abstinent and none had reduced consumption. These results suggest that this self-help CBT intervention has the potential to reduce the prevalence of smoking among lower SES smokers.
Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Fumar/psicologia , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Londres , Masculino , Motivação , Folhetos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Autocuidado/psicologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/psicologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The European Union has funded numerous projects on Alzheimer disease and associated disorders (ADAD). In the funding years of 1995 and 1996, six million Euro were spent on ADAD projects. In 1996, 21% of applications were funded. Having had the opportunity to review all these projects, we offer insight into the funding procedure and some of our conclusions from reviewing all these projects.