Radical prostatectomy trends between 2010 and 2020 in Ehime, Japan, identified using data from the Medical Investigation Cancer Network (MICAN) study.

OBJECTIVES: The use of radical prostatectomy is increasing with the rising incidence of prostate cancer. We assessed the surgical trends related to radical prostatectomy using data from a multi-center, retrospective cohort study, the MICAN (Medical Investigation Cancer Network) study, which was conducted in all the urology-related medical facilities in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. METHODS: We compared data from the MICAN study with prostate biopsy registry data collected in Ehime between 2010 and 2020 and recorded the surgical trends. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the mean age of patients with positive biopsies, and the positivity rate increased from 46.3% in 2010 to 60.5% in 2020, while the number of biopsies obtained decreased. The number of radical prostatectomies performed increased over the years, with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy becoming the predominant procedure. In 2020, robot-assisted radical prostatectomies accounted for 96.0% of the surgeries performed. The age at surgery also gradually increased. Of the registered patients aged ≤75 years, 40.5% underwent surgery in 2010, compared with 83.1% in 2020. The prevalence of surgery also increased from 4.6% to 29.8% in patients aged >75 years. There was a gradual increase in the proportion of high-risk cases, from 29.3% to 44.0%, but a decrease in that of low-risk cases, from 23.8% in 2010 to 11.4% in 2020. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the number of radical prostatectomies performed in Ehime is increasing in patients aged both ≤75 and >75 years. The proportion of low-risk cases has decreased, while that of high-risk cases has increased.

Quantifying the effectiveness of rehabilitation for post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence: Novel pelvic floor function assessment using M-mode ultrasonography.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a method for evaluating pelvic floor function using M-mode ultrasound imaging and quantify the effectiveness of urinary incontinence rehabilitation. Case presentation: Eight participants aged 66-76 years, with urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy, underwent pelvic floor muscle training. Using M-mode ultrasound, we compared bladder base elevation time, length, and speed during pelvic floor muscle contraction. The results showed that four patients recovered urinary continence. Four patients displayed a 38.4%-80.1% reduction in urinary incontinence volume. Bladder elevation time was significantly reduced in all patients. Moreover, elevation speed increased significantly. Bladder base elevation time was 0.1 s in all patients in the acquired urinary continence group. Conclusions: Reducing bladder base elevation time to <0.2 s might be essential to achieve urinary continence. An elevation time of ≥0.3 s indicated significant pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.

[Low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone for hormone-refractory prostate cancer].

PURPOSE: Efficacy and tolerability of docetaxel-based chemotherapy against hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) has been shown lately. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients, with a median age of 69.5 years (range 54-85 years), diagnosed with HRPC were administered a treatment regimen consisting of docetaxel (60-80 mg/body or 50 mg/m2) once every 3 or 4 weeks and dexamethasone 1 mg daily at our institution between November, 2004 and March, 2010. RESULTS: The patients received a median of 11.5 cycles of treatment (range, 2-35 cycles). Eleven of 16 patients (68.8%) had a > or = 50% decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen. The median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 7.1 and 20.3 months, respectively. Grade 3 neutropenia occurred only in 2 patients. Infective endocarditis, gastrointestinal or cerebral hemorrhage, and compressive fracture were occurred in each patient. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low-dose docetaxel every 3-4 weeks and dexamethasone daily was effective and well tolerated in patients with HRPC. However, it is necessary to pay continuous attention to side effects due to the frequent presence of comorbid diseases particularly in the elderly.

Spontaneous integration of transmembrane peptides into a bacterial magnetic particle membrane and its application to display of useful proteins.

An antimicrobial peptide, temporin L, and its derivative (TL-A2) were employed as anchor peptides and displayed streptavidin on a bacterial magnetic particle (BMP) membrane. The ribotoxin L3 loop (L3) and the arginine-chain peptide (R(12)), which are carrier peptides permeable to eukaryotic cell membranes, were also used. The peptides were labeled with a fluorescent dye, 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD), at the N-terminal region (NBD-peptides) and mixed with BMPs. A specific integration of NBD-temporin L into a BMP membrane was observed. The basic amino acids in temporin L played an important role in the integration into BMPs. Biotin conjugated to the N-terminus of temporin L was integrated into a BMP membrane. The C-terminus of temporin L was incorporated into a BMP membrane, and the N-terminus was located on the BMP membrane surface. The present study shows that temporin L is a stable molecular anchor on BMPs by the binding of soluble protein to the N-terminus.

Rapid and sensitive detection of 17beta-estradiol in environmental water using automated immunoassay system with bacterial magnetic particles.

A fully automated immunoassay of 17beta-estradiol (E2) was performed using anti-E2 monoclonal antibody immobilized on bacterial magnetic particles (AntiE2-BMPs) and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated E2 (ALP-E2). E2 concentration in environmental water samples was evaluated by decrease in luminescence based on competitive reaction. A linear correlation between the luminescence intensity and E2 concentration was obtained between 0.5 and 5 ppb. The minimum detectable concentration of E2 was 20 ppt. All measurement steps were done within 0.5 h. The analysis of environmental water samples by a commercially available ELISA kit and the BMP-based immunoassay gave good correlation plots with a correlation efficient of 0.992. These results suggest that the fully automated system using the BMP-based immunoassay has some advantages in the high rapidity and sensitivity of the measurement. This system will enable us to determine low E2 concentrations without sample condensation.