Effects of Strength Training on Physical Fitness of Olympic Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify the effects of strength training programs on the physical fitness of Olympic combat sports (OCS) athletes. The systematic review included peer-reviewed articles that incorporated interventions that included pre- and post-intervention physical fitness assessment. The search was performed in the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science databases between April and September 2022. PRISMA and the TESTEX checklist were used to select and assess the methodological quality of the studies. Twenty studies with 504 participants (428 males and 76 females) were included. Significant improvements were found in athletes' maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power, flexibility, and balance. In addition, improvements in favor of the training groups in specific actions of judo, karate, fencing, and boxing were observed. In conclusion, interventions aimed at the development of muscle strength in OCS, specifically in judo, boxing, karate, wrestling, and fencing, proved to be beneficial at a physical fitness level, resulting in significant increases in favor of the training groups with OCS, which could be used by trainers and coaches to improve the physical performance of athletes.

Relation between VT1, VT2, and VO2max with the Special Wrestling Fitness Test in Youth Wrestlers: A Short Report.

This study investigated the relationship between peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) with the Special Wrestling Fitness Test variables. Thirteen wrestlers (male: six; female: seven) of Olympic freestyle wrestling were assessed. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was used to establish the relationship between variables. A positive correlation was found between VT1 with throws in set B (r = 0.77; p = 0.002; 95%CI = 0.37-0.93), total throws (r = 0.73; p = 0.004; 95%CI = 0.30-0.91), heart rate recovery (r = 0.58; p = 0.036; 95%CI = 0.05-0.86), and test index (r = -0.60; p = 0.031; 95%CI = -0.86-0.07); between VT2 and throws in set B (r = 0.57; p = 0.043; 95%CI = 0.01-0.86); and between peak oxygen uptake with throws in set B (r = 0.77; p = 0.002; 95%CI = 0.39-0.93), throws in set C (r = 0.64; p = 0.02; 95%CI = 0.12-0.89), and total throws (r = 0.72; p = 0.006; 95%CI = 0.28-0.91). In conclusion, the peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds correlated with specific Special Wrestling Fitness Test variables.

Effect of a Six Week In-Season Training Program on Wrestling-Specific Competitive Performance.

The effect of multi-component training on specific performance is under-researched in wrestlers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of multi-component training on The Special Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT) performances of wrestlers who were preparing for an international championship, and to, additionally, determine their inter-individual adaptive variability. The wrestlers (n = 13; 7 females; all international level) underwent technical-tactical and physical fitness training for the six weeks before the championship, 12 sessions per week (i.e., 36 h per week). Before and after the intervention the athletes were assessed with the SWFT, a wrestling-specific competitive performance test that includes measurements for throws, heart rate response to the SWFT, and the SWFT index. Significant pre-post intervention improvements were noted for throws (pre = 23.5 ± 2.9; post = 24.9 ± 3.6; p = 0.022) and SWFTindex (pre = 14.9 ± 2.2; post = 14.1 ± 2.2; p = 0.013. In conclusion, six weeks of multi-component training improved wrestling-specific competitive performances in highly-trained wrestlers, although with a meaningful inter-subject variability.

Effect of the COVID-19 quarantine on body mass among combat sports athletes.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: to combat the COVID-19 pandemic governments have adopted measures such as quarantine and social distancing. Objective: the main objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on body mass in combat sports athletes. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, multi-center study that evaluated 234 men (mean age and standard deviation, 29 ± 10 years) residing in Argentina (n = 38); Bolivia (n = 1); Brazil (n = 105); Chile (n = 30); El Salvador (n = 1); Spain (n = 22); Mexico (n = 22) and Peru (n = 15). Of these, 12 practiced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), 54 boxing, 67 judo, 13 karate, 52 kick boxing & muay thai (KB & MT), 9 mixed martial arts (MMA), and 27 taekwondo (TKD). An online survey was created using Google Forms. It was implemented between April 4th and April 17th, 2020. Athletes were consulted about their body mass before starting the quarantine and after 20 ± 5 days of quarantine. Results: athletes in all combat sports were heavier during quarantine as compared to pre-quarantine (p < 0.001, d = 0.12). Conclusions: combat sports athletes experienced an increase in body mass during the COVID-19 quarantine.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: para combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, los gobiernos han adoptado medidas como la cuarentena y el distanciamiento social. Objetivo: el principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto de la cuarentena por COVID-19 sobre la masa corporal en atletas de deportes de combate. Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal, prospectivo y multicéntrico que evaluó a 234 hombres (media de edad y desviación estándar, 29 ± 10 años) que residen en Argentina (n = 38); Bolivia (n = 1); Brasil (n = 105); Chile (n = 30); El Salvador (n = 1); España (n = 22); México (n = 22) y Perú (n = 15). De estos, 12 practicaban jiu-jitsu brasileño (BJJ), 54 boxeo, 67 judo, 13 karate, 52 kick boxing y muay thai (KB y MT), 9 artes marciales mixtas (MMA) y 27 taekwondo (TKD). Se creó una encuesta en línea usando Google Forms. Se implementó entre el 4 y el 17 de abril de 2020. Se preguntó a los deportistas sobre su masa corporal antes de comenzar la cuarentena y después de 20 ± 5 días de cuarentena. Resultados: los atletas de todos los deportes de combate resultaron más pesados durante la cuarentena que durante la precuarentena (p < 0,001, d = 0,12). Conclusiones: los atletas de deportes de combate presentaron una mayor masa corporal durante la cuarentena a causa de la COVID-19.

Rapid weight gain in wrestling athletes during the Panamerican Championship, Lima, 2018.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: To avoid rapid bodyweight fluctuations and the associated effects on health and performance, some combat sports federations have made changes to regulations. Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the Rapid Weight Gain on sporting success in elite Olympic Wrestling athletes under the new weighing modality. Methods: the bodyweight of 75 athletes was recorded during the Pan-American Olympic Wrestling Championship (Lima, 2018), corresponding to 29 % of the total universe of competitors (n = 255). Of these, 29 were Greco-Roman style, eight Freestyle, and 38 Women´s Wrestling. The official weighing was carried out between 8:00 and 8:30 hours. As for the second weighing, this was done with the same official weighing scale, immediately before the first match (between 10:00 and 11:00 hours). Rapid Weight Gain after weigh-in was compared between medalist and non-medalist athletes. Results: when analyzing the difference between medalists and non-medalists, no significant differences were found in Greco-Roman athletes (t = 0.114; p = 0.910; r = 0.022), in Freestyle (Mann-Whitney U = 5,500; p = 0.486; r = 0.000), in Women´s Wrestling (Mann-Whitney U = 163.0; p = 0.774; r = 0.124), and in all competitors (Mann-Whitney U = 641.5; p = 0.855; r = 0.037). Conclusions: no significant differences were found between medalist and non-medalist athletes in any of the Olympic Wrestling styles.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: para evitar fluctuaciones rápidas del peso corporal y los efectos asociados sobre la salud y rendimiento, algunas federaciones de deportes de combate han realizado cambios de reglamento. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto de la ganancia rápida de peso en el éxito deportivo en atletas de élite de la lucha olímpica bajo la nueva modalidad de pesaje. Métodos: se registró el peso corporal de 75 atletas durante el Campeonato Panamericano de Lucha Olímpica (Lima, 2018), correspondiente al 29 % del universo total de competidores (n = 255). De estos, 29 fueron de estilo grecorromano; 8, de estilo libre y 38, de lucha libre femenina. El pesaje oficial se realizó entre las 8:00 y las 8:30 horas. En cuanto al segundo pesaje, se hizo con la misma balanza oficial inmediatamente antes de la primera lucha (entre las 10:00 y las 11:00 horas). La ganancia de peso rápida después del pesaje se comparó entre atletas medallistas y no medallistas. Resultados: al analizar la diferencia entre medallistas y no medallistas, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los atletas de grecorromana (t = 0,114; p = 0,910; r = 0,022), en los de estilo libre (Mann-Whitney U = 5,500; p = 0,486; r = 0,000), en los de lucha libre femenina (Mann-Whitney U = 163,0; p = 0,774; r = 0,124) ni en todos los competidores (Mann -Whitney U = 641,5; p = 0,855; r = 0,037). Conclusiones: no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre atletas medallistas y no medallistas en ninguno de los estilos de lucha olímpica.

Asociación entre el pH de la mucosa del rodete tubárico y la presencia de reflujo faringolaríngeo / Association between the ph of the mucosal of eustachian torus tubarius and the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux

Introducción: El Reflujo Faringolaríngeo (RFL) es la presencia de contenido gástrico a nivel de laringe, faringe y nasofaringe. Ésta enfermedad se asocia a múltiples patologías otorrinolaringológicas, entre ellas la disfunción tubárica; debido a esto ha tomado gran importancia en la actualidad. La pHmetría en 24 horas es el estudio preferido para su diagnóstico, pero se trata de una técnica invasora con poca sensibilidad en nasofaringe. Por esto es necesario medir el pH en la nasofaringe para asociarlo a RFL y fue elegida la mucosa del rodete tubárico específicamente por ser la vía de entrada a oído medio. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del pH de la mucosa del rodete tubárico en pacientes con reflujo faringolaríngeo. Diseño: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico. 30 pacientes de ambos sexos entre 18 y 60 años, fueron evaluados con el Índice de Síntomas de Reflujo por medio del cuestionario de Belafsky dividiéndolos en pacientes con y sin RFL, midiéndoles posteriormente pH en mucosa del rodete tubárico. Resultados: Se encontró un pH 7.18 ± 0.40 en grupo sin RFL y de 6.57 ± 0.64 en grupo con RFL. El test t de Student, muestra cambios significativos entre ambos grupos (p = 0.005), con una correlación entre pH y RFL baja (r de Pearson = 0.25). Conclusión: Sí observamos cambios significativos en los valores de pH entre ambos grupos, pero su correlación con el RFL fue baja.

Background: Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (LPR) is the presence of gastric contents level of the larynx, pharynx and nasopharynx. This condition is associated with multiple ENT diseases, including tubal dysfunction, because of this has taken great importance today. pH monitoring in 24 hours is the study of choice for diagnosis, but it is an invasive technique with low sensitivity to nasopharynx. Therefore it is necessary to measure the pH in the nasopharynx to associate with RFL and was chosen specifically tubal mucosa impeller for being the gateway to the middle ear. Objective: Determine the association of pH in the mucosal at the opening eustachian tube in patients with reflux pharyngolaringeal. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Study analytical cross. 30 patients of both sexes between 18 and 60 years, were evaluated with the Reflux Symptom Index questionnaire of Belafsky by dividing in patients with and without RFL, thereafter measuring the pH in mucosa of tubal opening. Results: We found a pH 7.18 ± 0.40 in group without RFL and 6.57 ± 0.64 in group RFL. The Student t test shows significant changes between the two groups (p = 0.005), with a correlation between low pH and RFL (Pearson r = 0.25). Conclusion: We did observe significant changes in pH values between the two groups, but the correlation with the RFL was low.

Diez años de logros del programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana en comunidades vulnerables de Medellín y el área metropolitana / Ten years of achievements of the nursing program at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana in vulnerable communities in Medellin and the Metropolitan Area / Dez anos de ganhos do programa de enfermagem da Universidade Pontifícia Bolivariana em comunidades vulneráveis de Medellín e da Área Metropolitana

Objetivo: describir las actividades realizadas en la práctica de legislación y gestión de la salud pública de la Facultad de Enfermería de la UPB en Medellín y algunos municipios del área metropolitana durante los años 2000 a 2009. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se revisaron los diarios de campo contenidos en 150 libros, producto del registro de las experiencias de los estudiantes en las comunidades atendidas en Medellín y algunos municipios de su área metropolitana entre los años 2000 y 2009. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, de salud y de logros obtenidos. Se hizo un análisis estadístico descriptivo a través de medidas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Resultados: se atendieron 6.029 personas en los municipios de Medellín, Girardota, Copacabana, Caldas, Barbosa y Bello. Se enseñaron medidas relacionadas con estilos de vida saludables; se brindó cuidado integral y se realizaron actividades de inducción a la demanda y gestión con Secretarías municipales para el acceso a servicios como subsidios de vivienda, discapacidad, tercera edad, violencia y maltrato intrafamiliar, acompañamiento agropecuario, cobertura educativa de niños y jóvenes desescolarizados, entre otras. Conclusiones: la labor que tienen los profesionales de enfermería en el ámbito social comunitario es fundamental, así como la interacción a través de los mecanismos de participación comunitaria y las redes de apoyo social.

Objective: To describe the activities carried out in the law and public health management practicum at the UPB School of Nursing in Medellín and some municipalities in the metropolitan area between 2000 and 2009. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study involving the review of all the field journals contained in 150 books, which are a product of the recorded experiences of students who attended communities in Medellin and other municipalities within the metropolitan area between 2000 and 2009. Sociodemographic, health and achievement variables were included. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed through measurements of absolute and relative frequency.Results:Six thousand twenty-nine people were attended in the cities of Medellin, Girardota, Copacabana, Caldas, Barbosa and Bello. Healthy lifestyle strategies were taught, comprehensive care was provided and introductory activities based on demand and management activities were done with Municipal Departments in order to gain access to services related to issues such as housing allowances, disability, elderly, violence and domestic abuse, agricultural support, education for unschooled children and youth, among others.Conclusions: The job of professional nurses within the community is fundamental as well as the interaction through community participation and social support networks

Objetivo: descrever as atividades realizadas na prática de legislação e gestão da saúde pública da Faculdade de Enfermaria da UPB em Medellín e alguns municípios do área metropolitana durante os anos 2000 a 2009. Metodologia: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, no qual se revisaram todos os diários de campo contidos em 150 livros, produto do registo das experiências dos estudantes nas comunidades atendidas em Medellín e alguns municípios de sua área metropolitana entre o ano 2000 e o 2009. Incluíram-se variáveis sócio-demográficas, de saúde e de lucros obtidos. Realizou-se uma análise estatística descritivo através de medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: atenderam-se 6029 pessoas nos municípios de Medellín, Girardota, Copacabana, Caldas, Barbosa e Belo. Ensinaram-se medidas relacionadas com estilos de vida saudáveis; brindou-se cuidado integral e se realizaram atividades de indução à demanda e gestão com Secretarias Municipais para o acesso a serviços como subsídios de moradia, incapacidade, terceira idade, violência e maltrato intrafamiliar, acompanhamento agropecuário, cobertura educativa de meninos e jovens não escolarizados entre outras. Conclusão: o labor que têm os profissionais de enfermaria no âmbito social comunitário é fundamental, bem como a interação através dos mecanismos de participação comunitária e as redes de apoio social

[Experience with tigecycline compassionate use in pediatric patients infected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae]. / Experiencia con el uso compasivo de tigeciclina en pacientes pediátricos infectados por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas.

INTRODUCTION: Infections produced by multidrug-resistant pathogens represent a therapeutic challenge because of the few therapeutic options available. Tigecycline is a relatively new antibiotic, with a wide spectrum of activity including some of these resistant bacteria. In adults is prescribed for the treatment of some infections caused by carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae, however it has not been approved in children because of potential adverse effects in the dental enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series study. Medical records were reviewed in all children from 0 to 14 years of age that received tigecycline between January of 2008 and March of 2010. RESULTS: 9 patients received Tigecycline mainly for treatment of peritonitis, bacteremia, pneumonia and sepsis caused by carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. A dose of 1 mg/kg q 12 hours was administered to all patients. No adverse events were reported and a total of 6 patients had complete resolution of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Tigecycline could be considered a therapeutic option for treating infections produced by multidrug-resistant pathogens in children. The use in children is still compassionate and in this series of cases Tigecycline was well tolerated and safe.

Experiencia con el uso compasivo de tigeciclina en pacientes pediátricos infectados por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas / Experience with tigecycline compassionate use in pediatric patients infected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Introduction: Infections produced by multidrug-resistant pathogens represent a therapeutic challenge because of the few therapeutic options available. Tigecycline is a relatively new antibiotic, with a wide spectrum of activity including some of these resistant bacteria. In adults is prescribed for the treatment of some infections caused by carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae, however it has not been approved in children because of potential adverse effects in the dental enamel. Materials and Methods: Case series study. Medical records were reviewed in all children from 0 to 14 years of age that received tigecycline between January of 2008 and March of 2010. Results: 9 patients received Tigecycline mainly for treatment of peritonitis, bacteremia, pneumonia and sepsis caused by carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. A dose of 1 mg/kg q 12 hours was administered to all patients. No adverse events were reported and a total of 6 patients had complete resolution of the infection. Conclusions: Tigecycline could be considered a therapeutic option for treating infections produced by multidrug-resistant pathogens in children. The use in children is still compassionate and in this serie of cases Tigecycline was well tolerated and safe.

Introducción: Las infecciones causadas por bacterias multi-resistentes son difíciles de tratar debido a las pocas opciones terapéuticas disponibles. Tigeciclina es un antimicrobiano relativamente nuevo que tiene un amplio espectro de acción, incluyendo algunas de estas bacterias. En adultos se utiliza para el tratamiento de algunas infecciones producidas por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasas (Kpn KPC). Sin embargo, por pertenecer al grupo de las tetraciclinas, su uso no ha sido aprobado en niños temiendo los posibles efectos adversos sobre el esmalte dental. Material y Métodos: Estudio de serie de casos. Se realizó una revisión de las historias clínicas de todos los niños de 0 a 14 años que recibieron tigeciclina en forma compasiva entre enero de 2008 y marzo de 2010. Resultados: 9 pacientes recibieron tigeciclina para tratamiento de peritonitis, bacteriemia, neumonía y sepsis por Kpn KPC. La dosis utilizada fue de 1 mg/kg/dosis cada 12 horas. No se encontraron efectos adversos importantes. La infección se consideró curada en 6 pacientes. Conclusiones: Tigeciclina puede ser considerada como una alternativa en el tratamiento de infecciones por bacterias multi-resistentes en niños. Su uso en la edad pediátrica sigue siendo compasivo y en esta serie de casos fue seguro.

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de una cohorte de pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita / Characterization of a clinical and epidemiological cohort of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en historias clínicas de pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) evaluados en la consulta de Endocrinología infantil del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (HUSVP) en un periodo de cinco años. Se toma una cohorte de 82 pacientes (7 por ciento de la consulta del servicio), siendo diagnosticada la entidad durante el primer año de vida en el 67,4 por ciento de los casos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron la crisis salina (43,3 por ciento) y la ambigüedad genital (37,3 por ciento). Estos datos sugieren que la forma de presentación más frecuente de hiperplasia adrenal congénita en nuestro medio es la forma clásica asociada a déficit de la enzima 21 hidroxilasa. Un paciente con genotipo XY presentó ambigüedad genital lo que sugiere una mutación en el gen de la 17 alfa hidroxilasa o de la 3 beta hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa. Llama la atención que la mayoría de los padres proceden del Valle de Aburrá (35,5 por ciento) y del Oriente Antioqueño (27,7 por ciento), sugiriendo una desviación poblacional importante de la enfermedad según el número de habitantes de cada región, lo que motiva a hacer estudios de tamización y pruebas piloto en los municipios del Oriente Antioqueño.