RESUMO
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) comprises a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in children and adults, ranging from favorable lesions to aggressive disseminated disease. We present 2 cases where cytology introduced the diagnosis of LCH in the appropriate clinicoradioliogical settings. Cytology can serve accurately in LCH interpretation based on the characteristic cytomorphology and selected immunocytochemistry, so unwarranted biopsy can be overruled and treatment can be adjusted largely where histopathology services are unavailable. Diagnosis may be difficult in cases with scant or insufficient cellular material.
RESUMO
Unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presents as a solitary focal bone lesion characterized by clonal proliferation of CD1a (+) and langerin(+) dendritic cells, derived from the bone marrow. In 38-69% of cases BRAF-V600E mutation is revealed. It gains attention to maxillofacial surgeons due to involvement of the orofacial region and early onset of jaws symptoms. If overlooked, massive deconstruction of tissues, occurs. We present a case of LCH of the temporomandibular joint in a 14 aged child where fine needle aspiration favorably contributed in an accurate diagnosis combined with the appropriate clinicoradioliogical findings. This can overrule unwarranted biopsy and monitor the treatment largely where aproach to histopathology services is restricted.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Medula Óssea , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Humanos , Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Microscopic appearance of cells in urine cytological samples is the formal diagnostic approach adjunct to cystoscopy for the detection and follow-up of urinary tumors. However, cystoscopy is a surgical method and cytology may miss low-grade papillary tumors. Several assays and markers have been developed to assist in this. When combined with conventional cytology, uro-oncological diagnostic performance is improved. We review the value of these non-invasive modalities in comparison with urine cytomorphology in the work-up of urothelial malignancies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Neoplasias Urológicas , Humanos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Urológicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Cistoscopia/métodos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Diffuse glioma arises anywhere in the CNS, but most frequent in the cerebral hemispheres. The tumor tends to be seen in children and in younger adults aged 20-30. We report one such case in an older female patient presenting the intraoperative cytology of the tumor. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old female was diagnosed by MRI with a tumor of cerebellum. Cytologic material was obtained during the resection of the tumor and diagnosed cytologically as glioma. CONCLUSION: This case is presented to focus the ability of the intraoperative cytology in diagnosis of the glioma, using immunocytology and confirmed by histo- immunohistology.
Assuntos
Glioma , Adulto , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cerebelo/patologia , Criança , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Ependymomas are glial neoplasms of central nervous system originated from the ependymal lining of the brain ventricles and spinal cord central canal, and rarely exfoliated into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this case we report the cytomorphological and immunocytomorphological features of ependymoma in CSF and intraoperative squash preparations, confirmed by histology. Case report. The patient was a nineteen months old female presented at the University hospital of Heraklion, Crete, in a hemicoma, and was intubated. Computed tomography, scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were performed and a mass in the posterior fossa was found. A sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sent for cytologic evaluation. A diagnosis of ependymoma was rendered, followed by tumor resection, during which intraoperative squash smears for cytologic interpretation were obtained. Cytological consultation disclosed a grade II ependymoma (WHO grade II), with focally anaplastic features (WHO grade III).
Assuntos
Ependimoma , Ependimoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Osteoclast-like giant cell tumours are rare abdominal malignant neoplasms mainly arising in the pancreas. Because of their rarity, clinical and cytopathology reports are very limited, and sonographic features have not been clearly specified ; these tumors are easily misdiagnosed by ultrasound as mucinous cystic tumors (MCTs) or solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs). CASE STUDY: We report a case of osteoclast like giant cell tumor arising in the pancreas of an 80 year old female patient offered by EUS-FNA cytology on direct and cell block slides. A biphasic pattern composed by a malignant mononuclear cell component and a giant cell component were hallmarks to the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights the performance of EUS-FNA in the diagnostic approach of abdominal tumours and the significance of cell block method in the interpretation of osteoclast-like giant cell pancreatic tumour.
Assuntos
Tumores de Células Gigantes , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Tumores de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Células Gigantes , Humanos , Osteoclastos , Pâncreas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the retroperitoneum has been scarcely reported and the diagnostic workup is challenging due to difficulties in access to tissue. A 73-year-old female presented to the gastroenterology clinic, with recent-onset atypical abdominal pain and alternating constipation and diarrhea.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Idoso , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico por imagem , Espaço Retroperitoneal/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Citodiagnóstico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico , Pinealoma/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Glândula Pineal/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândula Pineal/patologia , Pinealoma/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Pinealoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Pinealoma/patologia , Saco Vitelino/patologiaRESUMO
Invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a relatively rare form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis characterized by invasion of the tracheobronchial tree by Aspergillus spp. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is predominantly detected in severely immunocompromised patients. Notably however, pulmonary and tracheobronchial cases of invasive aspergillosis have also been reported, particularly in the context of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Herein, we present a case of invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia and previous Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Assuntos
Bronquite/microbiologia , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/etiologia , Leucemia de Células Pilosas/complicações , Malária Falciparum/complicações , Traqueíte/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Schwannomas affect mainly head and neck peripheral nerves, are benign tumors and derive from Schwann cells. Schwannoma of right cerebellopontine angle is extremely rare to diagnose by cytology. We report one such rare case presenting the cytological features in material obtained during the resection of the tumor. Case report: A 47-year-old female was diagnosed by MRI with a tumor of right cerebellopontine angle.. Cytologic material from the tumor was obtained intraoperatively and diagnosed cytologically as a neurilemoma. Conclusion: This case is presented here to focus the ability of cytology in diagnosis of schwannoma in intraoperative material of the tumor, using immunohistochemistry and confirmed by histology- immunohistochemistry.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares/diagnóstico , Ângulo Cerebelopontino/patologia , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Cerebelares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cerebelares/patologia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/cirurgia , Ângulo Cerebelopontino/diagnóstico por imagem , Ângulo Cerebelopontino/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurilemoma/patologia , Neurilemoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
Small cell glioblastoma is a high anaplastic variant of GBM characterized by a monomorphic proliferation of small or medium cells with oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. CASE STUDY: The cytologic findings of a small cell glioblastoma in 11-year-old male and histologic features of the tumor using immunocytohistochemistry are reported. CONCLUSION: The accurate preoperative diagnosis of a small cell glioblastoma is crucial to developing a curative surgical plan. Cytology- confirmed by histology- provides a convenient, safe and effective approach to solving a challenging differential diagnosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Antígeno CD56/metabolismo , Criança , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malignant pericardial effusion occurs in one tenth of all cancers. It is a very serious disorder that is mainly a secondary process due to metastasis because primary neoplasms of the pericardium such as mesotheliomas, sarcomas being exceedingly rare [corrected]. Pericardial effusion specimens are uncommon and to the best of our knowledge the current study is the largest systematic evaluation of pericardial fluid cytology performed to date. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pericardial effusion specimens from 145 patients collected over a 25 [corrected] year period were studied by cytology [corrected]. The minimum pericardial fluid volume used for adequate cytologic diagnosis in these patients was more than 60 mL. RESULTS: Cytological diagnosis revealed malignant pericardial exudates in 100% of the studied patients [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS: Cytology provides an immediate and accurate means of diagnosis. Immunocytology is very important in the diagnostic evaluation.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/complicações , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologia , Derrame Pericárdico/patologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/patologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Derrame Pericárdico/terapia , PericardiocenteseRESUMO
Desmoplastic medulloblastoma is a rare subtype of medulloblastoma in childhood and more rare in adults. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurrence is frequent and important for treatment and prognosis. We report the CSF cytologic features of recurrent desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma in a 30-aged male.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Cerebelares/diagnóstico , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/citologia , Meduloblastoma/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Cerebelares/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/uso terapêutico , Prognóstico , Doenças Raras , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Solid masses of the pancreas represent a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms of the exocrine and endocrine tissues of the pancreas. A tissue diagnosis is often required to direct therapy in the face of uncertain diagnosis or if the patient is not a surgical candidate either due to advanced disease or comorbidities. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a relatively new technology that employs endoscopy and high-frequency ultrasound (US). EUS involves imaging of the pancreatic head and the uncinate from the duodenum and imaging of the body and tail from the stomach. It has been shown to be a highly sensitive method for the detection of pancreatic masses. It is superior to extracorporeal US and computed tomographic (CT) scans, especially when the pancreatic tumor is smaller than 2-3 cm. Although EUS is highly sensitive in detecting pancreatic solid masses, its ability to differentiate between inflammatory masses and malignant disease is limited. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) brushing, CT-guided biopsies, and transabdominal ultrasound (US) have been the standard nonsurgical methods for obtaining a tissue diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, but a substantial false-negative rate has been reported. Transabdominal US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) has been used for tissue diagnosis in patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma. It has been shown to be highly specific, with no false-positive diagnoses. With the advent of curvilinear echoendoscopes, transgastric and transduodenal EUS-FNAB of the pancreas have become a reality EUS with FNAB has revolutionized the ability to diagnose and stage cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and assess the pancreas. Gastrointestinal cancers can be looked at with EUS and their depth of penetration into the intestinal wall can be determined. Any suspicious appearing lymph nodes can be biopsied using EUS/FNAB. The pancreas is another organ that is well visualized with EUS. Abnormalities such as tumors and cysts of the pancreas can be carefully evaluated using EUS and then biopsied with FNAB. There are many new applications of EUS using FNAB. Researchers are looking to deliver chemotherapeutics into small pancreatic cancers and cysts. Nerve blocks using EUS/FNAB to inject numbing medicines into the celiac ganglia, a major nerve cluster, are now routinely performed in patients with pain due to pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to perform a review of the literature regarding the usefulness of EUS/FNAB in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico/métodos , Linfonodos/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth more common cause of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and non surgical modalities in the treatment of HCC, a number of controversies regarding appropriate diagnostic procedures continue to evolve. A consensus statement from the European Association for the study of Liver Diseases (EASL) has been formulated to help clinicians standardize diagnostic approaches. In nodules greater than 2 cm diameter in size, diagnosis can be made if any 2 imaging studies (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or hepatic arteriography) show increased vascularity. Alternatively only one imaging study with an Alpha fetoprotein level more than 400ng/mL is diagnostic. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) should be performed in cases of indeterminate radiology and in lesions sized between 1 and 2 cm. The aim of this review is to familiarize pathologists in the FNAB diagnosis of HCC in an appropriate and timely fashion.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lesions of the tongue have a broad differential diagnosis ranging from benign idiopathic processes to infections, cancers, and infiltrative disorders. An important thing to remember is that most tongue lesions will resolve spontaneously or with simple therapy within a week, if not, they should be biopsied or evaluated further for a definitive diagnosis of a potentially serious disorder. Some tongue lesions may be clues to other underlying illnesses which require further evaluation Tongue lesions are traditionally evaluated by surgical biopsy. Most of them, however, are easily accessible by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or brushing. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen males and twelve females aged from 15 to 72 were examined in our institution over a period of 15 years and 27 lesions, were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or brushing cytology. RESULTS: The lesions were located at the mobile aspect of the tongue.10 malignant tumors were diagnosed: 9 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In addition, 13 benign tumors (7 cases of papillomas / fibromas, 3 cases of hemangiomas, 2 cases lymphangiomas, and 1 case of lipoma), and 4 nonneoplastic benign conditions (3 traumatic ulcers and 1 hematoma) were found. There were no false-positive diagnoses. There were no clinical complications resulting from FNA or brushing. CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination is rapid, safe, accurate, inexpensive, and patient-friendly for establishing preoperative diagnosis in tumors and tumor-like conditions of the tongue, and we recommend this method as the first diagnostic step in the evaluation of these lesions.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Neoplasias da Língua/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Boca , Língua , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A 76-year-old female presented at University hospital of Crete with a large painless mass (d<10 cm) of the left maxilla. The cytologic diagnosis in FNAB smears was of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the maxilla that was confirmed histologically. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in conjunction with immunocytochemistry can distinguish between benign and malignant lymphoid infiltrates and support a diagnosis of extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Neoplasias Maxilares/patologia , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Antígeno Ki-67 , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/classificação , Neoplasias Maxilares/classificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Eccrine porocarcinoma is an uncommon malignant adnexal tumor of the skin. Eccrine porocarcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the eccrine sweat gland with a propensity to recur locally and gives metastases to regional lymph nodes. This paper presents a cytologic diagnosis by fine needle aspiration of an eccrine porocarcinoma along with histopathology and immunocyto-histochemistry. CASE REPORT: The cytologic findings of an eccrine porocarcinoma in a 76-year-old female and histologic features of the skin tumor are reported. Cytologically in fine needle aspiration biopsy, the tumor was characterized by atypical malignant cells with basophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The cytologic diagnosis was confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS: The accurate preoperative diagnosis of eccrine porocarcinoma is crucial to developing a curative surgical plan. Fine needle aspiration cytology provides a convenient, safe and effective approach to solving a challenging differential diagnosis.
Introdução: O porocarcinoma écrino (PE) é um tumor maligno pouco comum dos anexos cutâneos. Trata-se de um adenocarcinoma da glândula sudorípara écrina com propensão para recorrer localmente e para originar metástases ao longo dos gânglios linfáticos regionais. Este artigo apresenta um diagnóstico por citologia aspirativa com agulha fina (CAAF) de um PE, associado ao exame histológico e de imunocito/histoquímica.Caso Clínico: São descritos os achados da citologia de um porocarcinoma écrino numa doente de 76 anos de idade, bem como as características histológicas do tumor cutâneo. A citologia aspirativa revelou que o tumor se caracterizava pela presença de células atípicas malignas com citoplasma basófilo, núcleos hipercromáticos e nucléolos proeminentes. O diagnóstico citológico foi confirmado pela histologia.Conclusões: É crucial obter um diagnóstico pré-operatório preciso de modo a desencadear um plano cirúrgico curativo. A CAAF possibilita uma abordagem pouco invasiva, segura e efectiva, de modo a esclarecer um diagnóstico diferencial exigente.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Porocarcinoma Écrino/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Feminino , Virilha , HumanosRESUMO
Occupational asbestos exposure is believed to be the primary etiologic link to mesothelioma. However, in the evaluation of familial mesothelioma, it is important to consider the possibility of household exposure to asbestos. In this study, we report a family in which the father with prolonged occupational asbestos exposure developed malignant pleural mesothelioma and his daughter 14 years later mesothelioma in situ with focally early invasion. Several reports of familial aggregations of mesothelioma strongly support that genetic factors in collaboration with environmental exposure may contribute etiologically to an as yet unknown fraction of occurrence of this disease.