IL-27 disturbs lipid metabolism and restrains mitochondrial activity to inhibit γδ T17 cell-mediated skin inflammation.

IL-17+ γδ T cells (γδ T17) are kick-starters of inflammation due to their strict immunosurveillance of xenobiotics or cellular damages and rapid response to pro-inflammatory stimulators. IL-27 is a well-recognized pleiotropic immune regulator with potent inhibitory effects on type 17 immune responses. However, its actions on γδ T17 mediated inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are less well understood. Here we find that IL-27 inhibits the production of IL-17 from γδ T cells. Mechanistically, IL-27 promotes lipolysis while inhibits lipogenesis, thus reduces the accumulation of lipids and subsequent membrane phospholipids, which leads to mitochondrial deactivation and ensuing reduction of IL-17. More importantly, Il27ra deficient γδ T cells are more pathogenic in an imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis model, while intracutaneous injection of rmIL-27 ameliorates psoriatic inflammation. In summary, this work uncovered the metabolic basis for the immune regulatory activity of IL-27 in restraining γδ T17 mediated inflammation, which provides novel insights into IL-27/IL-27Ra signaling, γδ T17 biology and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Pharmacokinetic enhancement of oncolytic virus M1 by inhibiting JAK‒STAT pathway.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs), a group of replication-competent viruses that can selectively infect and kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact, are emerging as promising living anticancer agents. Unlike traditional drugs composed of non-replicating compounds or biomolecules, the replicative nature of viruses confer unique pharmacokinetic properties that require further studies. Despite some pharmacokinetics studies of OVs, mechanistic insights into the connection between OV pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy remain vague. Here, we characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of oncolytic virus M1 (OVM) in immunocompetent mouse tumor models and identified the JAK‒STAT pathway as a key modulator of OVM pharmacokinetics. By suppressing the JAK‒STAT pathway, early OVM pharmacokinetics are ameliorated, leading to enhanced tumor-specific viral accumulation, increased AUC and Cmax, and improved antitumor efficacy. Rather than compromising antitumor immunity after JAK‒STAT inhibition, the improved pharmacokinetics of OVM promotes T cell recruitment and activation in the tumor microenvironment, providing an optimal opportunity for the therapeutic outcome of immune checkpoint blockade, such as anti-PD-L1. Taken together, this study advances our understanding of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship in OV therapy.

Predicting High-risk Capsular Features in Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland Through a Nomogram Model Based on ADC Imaging.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) images, a nomogram model is established to accurately predict the high-risk capsular characteristics associated with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland (PAP) recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 190 patients with PAPs. Significant clinical radiological factors were identified through univariate difference analysis and multivariate regression analysis. The optimal threshold was determined by analyzing the average ADC value of the entire tumor, using the best Youden index and sensitivity analysis, and tumor subregions were delineated accordingly. Three radiomic models were constructed for the whole tumor and for high/low ADC areas, with the best model determined through statistical analysis. Ultimately, a nomogram model was constructed by combining the independent predictive factor of high-risk capsular features with the optimal radiomic predictive score. Model performance was comprehensively assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: The best ADC division threshold as 1.25 × 10-3 mm2/s. Multivariate analysis identified High-ADC Zone Volume Percentage as an independent predictor for PAPs with high-risk capsular characteristics. The radiomic model based on the low ADC tumor subregion was optimal (AUC 0.899). The nomogram model, combining independent predictors and optimal imaging studies predictive score, demonstrated high performance (AUC 0.909). Decision curve analysis confirmed the nomogram's clinical applicability. CONCLUSION: The nomogram model constructed from ADC quantitative imaging can predict PAPs patients with high-risk capsular features. These patients require intraoperative preventive measures to avoid tumor spillage and residuals, as well as extended postoperative follow-up.

Low-level Nd:YAG laser inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts via AMPK/SIRT3 axis.

OBJECTIVE: Photobiomodulation is extensively employed in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study used low-level Nd:YAG laser to investigate the mechanism of photobiomodulation as well as the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuins (SIRT) 3 in it, providing new clues for the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were extracted from gingiva and stimulated with LPS. The suitable parameters of Nd:YAG laser were chosen for subsequent experiments by detecting cell viability. We assessed the level of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as AMPK and SIRT3. The mechanism for AMPK targeting SIRT3 modulating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of photobiomodulation was explored by the AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) test, cell transfection, western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: HGFs were isolated and identified, followed by the identification of optimal Nd:YAG laser parameters (60 mJ, 15 Hz, 10s) for subsequent experimentation. With this laser, inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, COX2, and iNOS) decreased as well as the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFκB-P65. SOD2 was up-regulated but reactive oxygen species (ROS) was down-regulated. The laser treatment exhibited enhancements in AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT3 expression. The above effects could all be reversed by Compound C. Silencing AMPK or SIRT3 by siRNA, the down-regulation of COX2, iNOS, and ROS by laser was inhibited. SIRT3 was down-regulated when the AMPK was silenced. CONCLUSION: Low-level Nd:YAG laser activated AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway, facilitating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity.

Identification and validation of immune-related methylated genes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy occurring in the head and neck. Identification of immune-related methylated biomarkers might be helpful for NPC detection and prognostic evaluation. METHODS: A co-methylation network based on WGCNA was constructed to identify modules associated with NPC and immune cells. In combination with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune-related genes from ImmPort database, the candidate immune-related methylated genes (IRMGs) were obtained. RESULTS: Our combined analysis identified 12 IRMGs. Among them, both the methylation and mRNA expression of CCL28, CSK, and PRKCB were correlated with the infiltration of B cells. CD1D, CR2, and GDF10 were favorable markers. Demethylation experiments validated that downregulation of GDF10, PRKCB, SLC40A1, and TGFBR3 in NPC resulted from promoter hypermethylation. Additionally, a diagnostic model was developed and exhibited high discriminative accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: These results provided a group of immune-related methylated biomarkers that may help with the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.

Rosavin: Research Advances in Extraction and Synthesis, Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Effects on Diseases of the Characteristic Active Ingredients of Rhodiola rosea L.

Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) is a popular plant in traditional medicine, and Rosavin, a characteristic ingredient of RRL, is considered one of the most important active ingredients in it. In recent years, with deepening research on its pharmacological actions, the clinical application value and demand for Rosavin have been steadily increasing. Various routes for the extraction and all-chemical or biological synthesis of Rosavin have been gradually developed for the large-scale production and broad application of Rosavin. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Rosavin has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, lipid-lowering, analgesic, antiradiation, antitumor and immunomodulation effects. Rosavin showed significant therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases, including neurological, digestive, respiratory and bone-related disorders during in vitro and vivo experiments, demonstrating the great potential of Rosavin as a therapeutic drug for diseases. This paper gives a comprehensive and insightful overview of Rosavin, focusing on its extraction and synthesis, pharmacological activities, progress in disease-treatment research and formulation studies, providing a reference for the production and preparation, further clinical research and applications of Rosavin in the future.

Nuclear VCP drives colorectal cancer progression by promoting fatty acid oxidation.

Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) fuels many cancers. However, knowledge of pathways that drive FAO in cancer remains unclear. Here, we revealed that valosin-containing protein (VCP) upregulates FAO to promote colorectal cancer growth. Mechanistically, nuclear VCP binds to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and facilitates its degradation, thus promoting the transcription of FAO genes, including the rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A). FAO is an alternative fuel for cancer cells in environments exhibiting limited glucose availability. We observed that a VCP inhibitor blocked the upregulation of FAO activity and CPT1A expression triggered by metformin in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Combined VCP inhibitor and metformin prove more effective than either agent alone in culture and in vivo. Our study illustrates the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of FAO by nuclear VCP and demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of VCP inhibitor and metformin combination treatment for colorectal cancer.

SLC38A5 aggravates DC-mediated psoriasiform skin inflammation via potentiating lysosomal acidification.

Amino acid (aa) metabolism is closely correlated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis; however, details on aa transportation during this process are barely known. Here, we find that SLC38A5, a sodium-dependent neutral aa transporter that counter-transports protons, is markedly upregulated in the psoriatic skin of both human patients and mouse models. SLC38A5 deficiency significantly ameliorates the pathogenesis of psoriasis, indicating a pathogenic role of SLC38A5. Surprisingly, SLC38A5 is almost exclusively expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) when analyzing the psoriatic lesion and mainly locates on the lysosome. Mechanistically, SLC38A5 potentiates lysosomal acidification, which dictates the cleavage and activation of TLR7 with ensuing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-23 (IL-23) and IL-1ß from DCs and eventually aggravates psoriatic inflammation. In summary, this work uncovers an auxiliary mechanism in driving lysosomal acidification, provides inspiring insights for DC biology and psoriasis etiology, and reveals SLC38A5 as a promising therapeutic target for treating psoriasis.

Osteoclast-Derived Exosomal miR-5134-5p Interferes with Alveolar Bone Homeostasis by Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 Axis.

Background: In chronic periodontitis, exosomes transport various informative substances between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in alveolar bone. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of exosomal micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA/miR)-5134-5p derived from osteoclasts on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and the development of periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The effects of OC-Exos on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were identified by Real-time quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot(WB), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining, etc. Exosomal miRNA expression was analyzed by sequencing. The sites of miRNA action were predicted through TargetScan and tested by double luciferase assay. After transfecting miR-5134-5p mimic/inhibitor into osteoblasts, we measured the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by ALP staining and WB, etc. Furthermore, OC-Exos were injected into the gingival sulcus at the ligation site. Inflammation was observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, the expression of inflammatory factors were detected by qRT-PCR, the resorption of alveolar bone was observed by Micro CT. Results: Osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation were negatively regulated by OC-Exos in vitro. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-5134-5p expression was significantly elevated in OC-Exos, which also increased in osteoblasts following OC-Exo intervention. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-5134-5p and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) had binding sites. miR-5134-5p-mimics could upregulate miR-5134-5p expression in osteoblasts while downregulating Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), phosphorylated-JAK2 (p-JAK2), and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) expression and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. However, miR-5134-5p-inhibitor had the opposite effect. In vivo, the OC-Exo group demonstrated morphological disruption of periodontal tissue, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, upregulation of inflammatory factors mRNA expression, a significant decrease in BV/TV, and an increase in the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest distance. Conclusion: Osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-5134-5p inhibits osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. OC-Exos exacerbate periodontal tissue inflammation and accelerate alveolar bone resorption in mice with experimental periodontitis.

Prognostic, Immunological, and Mutational Analysis of MTA2 in Pan-Cancer and Drug Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis-associated protein 2 (MTA2) is a member of the metastasis-associated transcriptional regulator family and is a core component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex. Despite growing evidence that MTA2 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers, no systematic pan-cancer analysis of MTA2 is available to date. Therefore, the aim of our study is to explore the prognostic value of MTA2 in 33 cancer types and to investigate its potential immune function. METHODS: by comprehensive use of databases from TCGA, GTEx, GEO, UCSC xena, cBioPortal, comPPI, GeneMANIA, TCIA, MSigDB, and PDB, we applied various bioinformatics approaches to investigate the potential role of MTA2, including analyzing the association of MTA2 with MSI, prognosis, gene mutation, and immune cell infiltration in different tumors. We constructed a nomogram in TCGA-LIHC, performed single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of MTA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and screened drugs for the treatment of HCC. Finally, immunohistochemical experiments were performed to verify the expression and prognostic value of MTA2 in HCC. In vitro experiments were employed to observe the growth inhibition effects of MK-886 on the HCC cell line HepG2. RESULTS: The results suggested that MTA2 was highly expressed in most cancers, and MTA2 expression was associated with the prognosis of different cancers. In addition, MTA2 expression was associated with Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) in 12 cancer types and MSI in 8 cancer types. Immunoassays indicated that MTA2 positively correlated with activated memory CD4 T cells and M0 macrophage infiltration levels in HCC. ScRNA-seq analysis based on the GEO dataset discovered that MTA2 was significantly expressed in T cells in HCC. Finally, the eXtreme Sum (Xsum) algorithm was used to screen the antitumor drug MK-886, and the molecular docking technique was utilized to reveal the binding capacity between MK-886 and the MTA2 protein. The results demonstrated excellent binding sites between them, which bind to each other through Π-alkyl and alkyl interaction forces. An immunohistochemistry experiment showed that MTA2 protein was highly expressed in HCC, and high MTA2 expression was associated with poor survival in HCC patients. MK-886 significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced cell death of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that MTA2 plays crucial roles in tumor progression and tumor immunity, and it could be used as a prognostic marker for various malignancies. MK-886 might be a powerful drug for HCC.

METTL3-mediated m6A methylation orchestrates mRNA stability and dsRNA contents to equilibrate γδ T1 and γδ T17 cells.

γδ T cells make key contributions to tissue physiology and immunosurveillance through two main functionally distinct subsets, γδ T1 and γδ T17. m6A methylation plays critical roles in controlling numerous aspects of mRNA metabolism that govern mRNA turnover, gene expression, and cellular functional specialization; however, its role in γδ T cells remains less well understood. Here, we find that m6A methylation controls the functional specification of γδ T17 vs. γδ T1 cells. Mechanistically, m6A methylation prevents the formation of endogenous double-stranded RNAs and promotes the degradation of Stat1 transcripts, which converge to prevent over-activation of STAT1 signaling and ensuing inhibition of γδ T17. Deleting Mettl3, the key enzyme in the m6A methyltransferases complex, in γδ T cells reduces interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and ameliorates γδ T17-mediated psoriasis. In summary, our work shows that METTL3-mediated m6A methylation orchestrates mRNA stability and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contents to equilibrate γδ T1 and γδ T17 cells.

Differences in BMI obesity measures in a workers compensation population: a cross-sectional study.

To assess the accuracy of BMI compared to directly measured dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry percent body fat (DEXA %BF) among a worker compensation population. Methods: The agreement between BMI and DEXA %BF was assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient among 1394 evaluable patients over a 5-year period. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to measure how well BMI can identify true obese and nonobese individuals. Results: Using at least 30kg/m2 to identify obesity, BNI had a specificity of 0.658 and a sensitivity of 0.735. The correlation was better in females at 0.66, compared to males at 0.55, and weaker in older age groups at 0.42, as compared to the youngest age group at 0.59. Overall, 29.8% of the population was reclassified based on their DEXA %BF measures. Conclusions: In a 5-year cohort worker compensation population, BMI was an inaccurate measure of true obesity.

Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Polygenic Risk Score for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Events.

Importance: Coronary artery calcium score and polygenic risk score have each separately been proposed as novel markers to identify risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but no prior studies have directly compared these markers in the same cohorts. Objective: To evaluate change in CHD risk prediction when a coronary artery calcium score, a polygenic risk score, or both are added to a traditional risk factor-based model. Design, Setting, and Participants: Two observational population-based studies involving individuals aged 45 years through 79 years of European ancestry and free of clinical CHD at baseline: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study involved 1991 participants at 6 US centers and the Rotterdam Study (RS) involved 1217 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Exposure: Traditional risk factors were used to calculate CHD risk (eg, pooled cohort equations [PCEs]), computed tomography for the coronary artery calcium score, and genotyped samples for a validated polygenic risk score. Main Outcomes and Measures: Model discrimination, calibration, and net reclassification improvement (at the recommended risk threshold of 7.5%) for prediction of incident CHD events were assessed. Results: The median age was 61 years in MESA and 67 years in RS. Both log (coronary artery calcium+1) and polygenic risk score were significantly associated with 10-year risk of incident CHD (hazards ratio per SD, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.08-3.26 and 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20-1.71, respectively), in MESA. The C statistic for the coronary artery calcium score was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71-0.79) and for the polygenic risk score, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63-0.71). The change in the C statistic when each was added to the PCEs was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.06-0.13) for the coronary artery calcium score, 0.02 (95% CI, 0.00-0.04) for the polygenic risk score, and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.07-0.14) for both. Overall categorical net reclassification improvement was significant when the coronary artery calcium score (0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.28) but was not significant when the polygenic risk score (0.04; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.10) was added to the PCEs. Calibration of the PCEs and models with coronary artery calcium and/or polygenic risk scores was adequate (all χ2<20). Subgroup analysis stratified by the median age demonstrated similar findings. Similar findings were observed for 10-year risk in RS and in longer-term follow-up in MESA (median, 16.0 years). Conclusions and Relevance: In 2 cohorts of middle-aged to older adults from the US and the Netherlands, the coronary artery calcium score had better discrimination than the polygenic risk score for risk prediction of CHD. In addition, the coronary artery calcium score but not the polygenic risk score significantly improved risk discrimination and risk reclassification for CHD when added to traditional risk factors.

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A Combined Analysis of MESA and GOLDR Cohorts.

PURPOSE: Inflammation is associated with diabetic retinopathy development and progression, and previous studies have demonstrated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are associated with decreased risk and severity of retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In a combined population of 1,356 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Genetics of Latino Diabetic Retinopathy cohorts, odds ratios using logistic regression were determined to assess the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and retinopathy. RESULTS: In 1,356 participants with type 2 diabetes, individuals in the fourth quartile of DHA were 17% less likely to have retinopathy compared with the first quartile ( P = 0.009, CI: 0.72-0.95). Secondary analysis revealed 38% lower severity of retinopathy in individuals in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile of DHA ( P = 0.006; CI: 0.44-0.87) and EPA + DHA ( P = 0.004; CI: 0.44-0.85). No significant associations were observed between EPA and retinopathy. CONCLUSION: DHA is inversely associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Increased intake of dietary sources of DHA may provide some protection against retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes and warrants more research as a preventative option.

Osteoblasts-Derived Exosomal lncRNA-MALAT1 Promotes Osteoclastogenesis by Targeting the miR-124/NFATc1 Signaling Axis in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.

Objective: Emerging studies have explained the crucial role of non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various pathological progressions. The study was designed to examine the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and miRNA-124 in the differentiation of osteoclasts, to provide new clues or evidences for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods: We constructed an osteoblast-osteoclast Transwell co-culture system and osteoblast-derived exosomes (OB-exo) intervention model. We assessed the osteoclastogenesis as well as the level of lncRNA-MALAT1 and miRNA-124. The mechanism for lncRNA MALAT1 targeting miR-124 modulating the differentiation of osteoclasts was investigated by cell transfection, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and Dual-Luciferase reporter assays. Results: Osteoblast-derived exosomes were isolated and identified. Co-culture and OB-exo intervention can promote osteoclastogenesis, also significantly up-regulate the expression of MALAT1, while the level of miR-124 is the opposite. Transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (si-MALAT1) and miR-124 mimic decreased the formation of TRAP+ osteoclasts and inhibited the expression of NFATc1. However, the effect was reversed when transfected with miR-124 inhibitor and si-MALAT1. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-124, and miR-124 and NFATc1. Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 functioned as an endogenous sponge by competing for miR-124 binding to regulate NFATc1 expression, accelerating the progression of osteoclastogenesis.

Enhance Hydrogen Isotopes Separation by Alkali Earth Metal Dopant in Metal-Organic Framework.

Kinetic quantum sieving (KQS) based on pore size and chemical affinity quantum sieving (CAQS) based on adsorption site are two routes of porous materials to separate hydrogen isotope mixtures. Alkali earth metals (Be, Mg, and Ca) were doped into UiO-67 to explore whether these metal sites can promote H2/D2 separation. Based on the zero-point energy and adsorption enthalpy calculated by density functional theory calculations, the Be dopant shows better H2/D2 separation performance than other alkali earth metal dopants and unsaturated metal sites in metal-organic frameworks based on CAQS. Orbital interaction strongly relates to the chemical affinity and further influences the D2/H2 selectivity. Moreover, the predicted D2/H2 selectivity of Be-doped sites (49.4) at 77 K is even larger than the best experimental result (26). Finally, the different dynamic behaviors of H2 and D2 on Be-doped UiO-67 indicate its strong H2/D2 separation performance via KQS.

Correlation between gut microbiota and glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) places both the mother and offspring at high risk of complications. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. However, it is still unclear whether the gut microbiota is related to blood biochemical traits, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), in GDM patients. AIM: To explore the correlation between the gut microbiota and blood biochemical traits, particularly GLP-1, in GDM patients. METHODS: The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene was sequenced based on the fecal samples of 35 pregnant women with GDM and was compared to that of 25 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). RESULTS: The results showed that Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Clostri-dium_sensu_stricto_1, and Streptococcus were more abundant in the NGT group than in the GDM group. Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium were more abundant in the GDM group than in the NGT group. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to identify the relationships between microbiota genera and blood biochemical traits. Paraprevotella, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 were significantly negatively correlated with glucose. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 was significantly negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c. Bacteroides was significantly positively correlated with glucose. Sutterella, Oscillibacter, and Bifidobacterium were significantly positively correlated with GLP-1. A random forest model showed that 20 specific genera plus glucose provided the best discriminatory power, as indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.94). CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal novel relationships between the gut microbiome, blood bio-chemical traits, particularly GLP-1, and GDM status. These findings suggest that some genera are crucial for controlling blood glucose-related indices and may be beneficial for GDM treatment. Alteration in the microbial composition of the gut may potentially serve as a marker for identifying individuals at risk of GDM.

Mass-determining role in the electrophoretic separation of colloidal plasmonic nanoparticle oligomers.

Gel electrophoresis techniques have been commonly applied in sieving plasmonic nanoparticle oligomers, while the intrinsic role in determining their phoresis velocity differences through the gel remains debatable. In this work, we explore the components and yield in each gel band after bundling two rationally designed types of nanoparticles in a system for electrophoretic separation. All results indicate that the mass property of plasmonic oligomers plays an essential role in determining their phoresis velocity divergences during separation. Further theoretical simulations reveal that the grounds for the mass-determining role stemmed from the random inelastic collisions among the oligomers and the gel-network microchannel. Moreover, under the guidance of such a mass-determining role, it is easy to achieve the direct electrophoretic separation of hetero-structured plasmonic dimers with high purity and high yield. This work will not only facilitate the precise nano-engineering of complex plasmonic oligomers with unique optical properties, but also might remove the obstacles toward their industrial manufacture with high purity.

A multiancestry genome-wide association study of unexplained chronic ALT elevation as a proxy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with histological and radiological validation.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease. Using a proxy NAFLD definition of chronic elevation of alanine aminotransferase (cALT) levels without other liver diseases, we performed a multiancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) including 90,408 cALT cases and 128,187 controls. Seventy-seven loci exceeded genome-wide significance, including 25 without prior NAFLD or alanine aminotransferase associations, with one additional locus identified in European American-only and two in African American-only analyses (P < 5 × 10-8). External replication in histology-defined NAFLD cohorts (7,397 cases and 56,785 controls) or radiologic imaging cohorts (n = 44,289) replicated 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 6.5 × 10-4), of which 9 were new (TRIB1, PPARG, MTTP, SERPINA1, FTO, IL1RN, COBLL1, APOH and IFI30). Pleiotropy analysis showed that 61 of 77 multiancestry and all 17 replicated SNPs were jointly associated with metabolic and/or inflammatory traits, revealing a complex model of genetic architecture. Our approach integrating cALT, histology and imaging reveals new insights into genetic liability to NAFLD.