Gut microbiota in insulin resistance: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is considered the pathogenic driver of diabetes, and can lead to obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, and other metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that the connection between gut microbiota and IR. This bibliometric analysis aimed to summarize the knowledge structure of gut microbiota in IR. Methods: Articles and reviews related to gut microbiota in IR from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and the bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed by Microsoft Excel, Origin, R package (bibliometrix), Citespace, and VOSviewer. Results: A total of 4 749 publications from WoSCC were retrieved, including 3 050 articles and 1 699 reviews. The majority of publications were from China and USA. The University Copenhagen and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the most active institutions. The journal of Nutrients published the most papers, while Nature was the top 1 co-cited journal, and the major area of these publications was molecular, biology, and immunology. Nieuwdorp M published the highest number of papers, and Cani PD had the highest co-citations. Keyword analysis showed that the most frequently occurring keywords were "gut microbiota", "insulin-resistance", "obesity", and "inflammation". Trend topics and thematic maps showed that serum metabolome and natural products, such as resveratrol, flavonoids were the research hotspots in this field. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis summarised the hotspots, frontiers, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies, providing a clear and comprehensive profile of gut microbiota in IR. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01342-x.

[Research progress on curcumin improving chronic low-grade inflammation and related diseases].

Chronic low-grade inflammation(CLGI), a relatively new concept without a clear definition, refers to a nonspecific, chronic, continuous, and low-grade inflammation state, and it is closely associated with various chronic diseases, including obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumors. Improvement of CLGI can slow down disease progression. Anti-inflammatory treatment is an important strategy for prevention and treatment of CLGI. However, there is currently no definitive drug treatment method. Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound extracted from the rhizome of zingiberaceae, with significant anti-inflammatory activity. Research has shown that curcumin can play an anti-inflammatory role by regulating NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf2/ARE, and other inflammation-related pathways. This paper summarized the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, pharmacological effect, and clinical application of curcumin in improving CLGI and other diseases, so as to provide a reference for in-depth research and clinical application of curcumin in improving CLGI.

Compressed sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography with a hardware sparse-sampled camera.

We present a sparse-sampled camera for compressed sensing spectral domain optical coherence tomography (CS SD-OCT), which is mainly composed of a novel mask with specially designed coating and a commercially available CCD camera. The sparse-sampled camera under-samples the SD-OCT spectrum in hardware, thus reduces the acquired image data and can achieve faster A-scan speed than conventional CCD camera with the same pixel number. Compared with a conventional SD-OCT system, the CS SD-OCT system equipped with the sparse-sampled camera has better fall-off and SNR performance. CS-OCT imaging of bio-tissue is also demonstrated.

Electric and magnetic polarization singularities of first-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams diffracted at a half-plane screen.

Based on the vector Fresnel diffraction integrals, analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic components of first-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams diffracted at a half-plane screen are derived and used to study the electric and magnetic polarization singularities in the diffraction field for both two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cases. It is shown that there exist 2D and 3D electric and magnetic polarization singularities in the diffraction field, which do not coincide each other in general. By suitably varying the waist width ratio, off-axis displacement parameter, amplitude ratio, or propagation distance, the motion, pair-creation, and annihilation of circular polarization singularities, and the motion of linear polarization singularities take place in 2D and 3D electric and magnetic fields. The V point, at which two circular polarization singularities with the same topological charge but opposite handedness collide, appears in the 2D electric field under certain conditions in the diffraction field and free-space propagation. A comparison with the free-space propagation is also made.

[Stress analysis of mandibular second premolar with three different restorations].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress intensity and distribution in the dentine of intact endodontically treated mandibular second premolar under three different restorations. METHODS: Four three-dimensional finite element models were constructed by the data of spiral CT: 1) Mandibular second premolar restored directly by full crown: 2) Fill the perforating cavity with resin material and full crown restoration; 3) Cast nickel chromium (NiCr) alloy post core plus full crown restoration; 4) Fiber post and resin core plus full crown restoration. Load was applied on the buccal inclined surface near the top of the buccal cusp and the intensity and distribution of the maximum tensile stress and von Mises stress in the dentine were compared. RESULTS: When the tooth was restored with NiCr alloy post core, an obvious stress concentration area was observed in the dentine next to the top of the post. When the fiber post was used, there was little stress concentration area around the top of the post, and the stress distribution in the dentine was almost the same as the control group. No difference of the intensity and distribution of the stress was found with the control group when no post was used and the perforating cavity was just filled with resin material. CONCLUSION: Compared with cast metal post, fiber post is more suitable for post-core crown restorations. In cases with sufficient coronal tooth substance, post is not absolutely necessary and just filling the perforating cavity with resin material followed by crown restoration can be one of the alternative restorations.