NAT10 promotes osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory bone loss by catalyzing Fos mRNA ac4C modification and upregulating MAPK signaling pathway.

INTRODUCTION: Excessive osteoclastogenesis is a key driver of inflammatory bone loss. Suppressing osteoclastogenesis has always been considered essential for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is the sole enzyme responsible for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of mRNA, and is involved in cell development. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss remained elusive. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of NAT10 and ac4C modification in osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss. METHODS: NAT10 expression and ac4C modification during osteoclastogenesis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blotting, dot blot and immunofluorescent staining, and the effect of NAT10 inhibition on osteoclast differentiation in vitro was measured by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, podosome belts staining assay and bone resorption pit assay. Then, acRIP-qPCR and NAT10RIP-qPCR, ac4C site prediction, mRNA decay assay and luciferase reporter assay were performed to further study the underlying mechanisms. At last, mice models of inflammatory bone loss were applied to verify the therapeutic effect of NAT10 inhibition in vivo. RESULTS: NAT10 expression was upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and highly expressed in alveolar bone osteoclasts from periodontitis mice. Inhibition of NAT10 notably reduced osteoclast differentiation in vitro, as indicated by great reduction of tartrated resistant acid phosphatse positive multinuclear cells, osteoclast-specific gene expression, F-actin ring formation and bone resorption capacity. Mechanistically, NAT10 catalyzed ac4C modification of Fos (encoding AP-1 component c-Fos) mRNA and maintained its stabilization. Besides, NAT10 promoted MAPK signaling pathway and thereby activated AP-1 (c-Fos/c-Jun) transcription for osteoclastogenesis. Therapeutically, administration of Remodelin, the specific inhibitor of NAT10, remarkably impeded the ligature-induced alveolar bone loss and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory calvarial osteolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that NAT10-mediated ac4C modification is an important epigenetic regulation of osteoclast differentiation and proposed a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bone loss.

The role of school climate on student disclosure of private information and cyberbullying: a comparison of regular and vocational school students in China.

Introduction: Adolescents are experiencing an unprecedented cyber-saturated environment where the disclosure of private information should be approached with caution. This study aims to investigate the effects of school environment, including student support, teacher support, and opportunities for autonomy, on students' disclosure of private information and their experiences with cyberbullying. Methods: In September 2022, a total of 1,716 students (mean age = 14.60, SD = 1.35) from three regular and vocational schools in China participated in the survey. Results: The results showed that 35.6% of the participants had experienced victimization by cyberbullying, and 12.6% had perpetrated cyberbullying. Vocational school students reported significantly higher rates of cyberbullying and lower levels of perceived school climate than students from regular school. Student support in the school environment was found to negatively affect both cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, with this impact appearing to be stronger in regular schools as compared to vocational schools. Opportunities for autonomy and the disclosure of private information were positively correlated with experiences of cyberbullying. Discussion: This study introduces a novel perspective that perceived school climate influences adolescents' disclosure of private information and their involvement in cyberbullying. The findings could provide implications for future research and practices aimed at child protection in cyberspace.

The Immunomodulatory effect of exosomes in diabetes: a novel and attractive therapeutic tool in diabetes therapy.

Exosomes carry proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They are derived from cells through exocytosis, are ingested by target cells, and can transfer biological signals between local or distant cells. Therefore, exosomes are often modified in reaction to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, all of which involve a significant inflammatory aspect. Here, we discuss how immune cell-derived exosomes origin from neutrophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages impact on the immune reprogramming of diabetes and the associated complications. Besides, exosomes derived from stem cells and their immunomodulatory properties and anti-inflammation effect in diabetes are also reviewed. Moreover, As an important addition to previous reviews, we describes promising directions involving engineered exosomes as well as current challenges of clinical applications in diabetic therapy. Further research on exosomes will explore their potential in translational medicine and provide new avenues for the development of effective clinical diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for immunoregulation of diabetes.

Bacillus siamensis Improves the Immune Status and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Improving Their Intestinal Microbiota.

Previous studies on the early interference of gut microbiota by Bacillus siamensis (B. siamensis) in weaned piglets are rarely reported, and the present trial is a preliminary study. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of B. siamensis supplementation on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune response, fecal short-chain fatty acids and microbiota of weaned piglets. Sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a B. siamensis group (BS), which were fed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 5 × 1010 CFU B. siamensis per kg, respectively. Each group had 3 replicates and 10 piglets per replicate. The trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that B. siamensis significantly increased the serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in piglets. Compared with the CON group, the levels of serum immunoglobulin and inflammatory factors in the BS group were significantly improved. In addition, the serum concentrations of zonulin and endotoxin (ET) in the BS group were lower. The dietary addition of B. siamensis significantly increased fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in piglets. Notably, B. siamensis improved the microbial composition by increasing beneficial genera, including Weissella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bifidobacterium, and decreasing pathogenic genera, including Pantoea, Fusobacterium and Gemella, in piglet feces. Correlation analysis showed that the benefits of dietary B. siamensis supplementation were closely related to its improved microbial composition. In summary, the addition of B. siamensis can improve the immunity function, inflammatory response, gut permeability and SCFA levels of weaned piglets, which may be achieved through the improvement of their microbiota.

Differential expression of FSTL1 and its correlation with the pathological process of periodontitis.

AIMS: This study aimed to elucidate the alterations in Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) and its association with the pathological process of periodontitis. METHODS: This study included 48 patients with periodontitis and 42 healthy controls. The expression level of FSTL1 in the gingiva was determined by RT-qPCR, validated using the dataset GSE16134, and subsequently examined by western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a single-cell distribution of FSTL1, characteristic of angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration. The expression and distribution of FSTL1, vascular endothelial marker protein CD31 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), the indicator of neutrophil activity, were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A series of correlation analyses was performed to determine the associations between FSTL1 and clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), and their potential role in angiogenesis (CD31) and neutrophil infiltration (MPO). RESULTS: FSTL1 was significantly upregulated in the gingiva of patients with periodontitis compared to their healthy counterparts. In addition, FSTL1 was positively correlated with the clinical parameters PD (r = .5971, p = .0005) and CAL (r = .6078, p = .0004). Bioinformatic analysis and IHC indicated that high FSTL1 expression was significantly correlated with angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration in periodontitis. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that FSTL1 could serve as an independent indicator for evaluating the severity of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9011, p < .0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated FSTL1 upregulation in periodontitis and its potential contribution to the disease via angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration.

Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis.

Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the identification of biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is critical. Cell surface markers (CSMs) have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression. In the current study, we evaluated the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in 130 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on differential gene expression analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. By using multi-model analysis, including Adaptive LASSO regression, LASSO regression, and Elastic Net, we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of the AML patients. The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score was further validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients. The AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores had a shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with low scores. Notably, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibited chemotherapy resistance. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitors were identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients. In conclusion, we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model that served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and held the potential for guiding drug therapy.

Expression patterns of mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZOs in irreversible pulpitis.

BACKGROUND: Mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZOs have been widely reported to involve inflammation and pain. This study aimed to clarify expression patterns of PIEZOs and their potential relations to irreversible pulpitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal pulp tissues (n = 29) from patients with impacted third molars and inflamed pulp tissues (n = 23) from patients with irreversible pulpitis were collected. Pain levels were assessed using a numerical rating scale. PIEZO expressions were measured using real-time PCR and then confirmed using GEO datasets GSE77459, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Correlations of PIEZO mRNA expression with inflammatory markers, pain markers, or clinical pain levels were evaluated using Spearman's correlation analysis. Univariate analysis was conducted to analyze PIEZO expressions based on pain description and clinical examinations of cold test, percussion, palpation, and bite test. RESULTS: Compared with normal pulp tissues, mRNA expression levels of PIEZO1 were significantly increased in inflamed pulp tissues, while PIEZO2 was significantly decreased, which was further confirmed in GSE77459 and on a protein and histological level. The positive correlation of the mRNA expression levels between PIEZO1 and inflammatory markers, as well as between PIEZO2 and pain markers, was verified. PIEZO2 expression was also positively correlated with pain levels. Besides, irreversible pulpitis patients who reported continuous pain and who detected a positive response to cold stimulus exhibited a higher expression level of PIEZO2 in the inflamed pulp tissues. By contrast, patients reporting pain duration of more than one week showed a higher expression level of PIEZO1. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the upregulation of PIEZO1 and the downregulation of PIEZO2 in irreversible pulpitis and revealed the potential relation of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 to inflammation and pain. These findings suggested that PIEZOs might play critical roles in the progression of irreversible pulpitis and paved the way for further investigations aimed at novel therapies of irreversible pulpitis by targeting PIEZOs.

Contactless User-Interactive Sensing Display for Human-Human and Human-Machine Interactions.

Creating a large-scale contactless user-interactive sensing display (CUISD) with optimal features is challenging but crucial for efficient human-human or human-machine interactions. This study reports a CUISD based on dynamic alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) that responds to humidity. Subsecond humidity-induced luminescence is achieved by integrating a highly responsive hydrogel into the ACEL layer. The patterned silver nanofiber electrode and luminescence layer, produced through electrospinning and microfabrication, result in a stretchable, large-scale, high-resolution, multicolor, and dynamic CUISD. The CUISD is implemented for the real-time control of a remote-controlled car, wherein the luminescence signals induced by touchless finger movements are distinguished and encoded to deliver specific commands. Moreover, the distinctive recognition of breathing facilitates the CUISD to serve as a visual signal transmitter for information interaction, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with disabilities. The paradigm shift depicts in this work is expected to reshape the way authors interact with each other and devices, discovering niche applications in virtual/augmented reality and the metaverse.

Screening and Diagnosis of Rare Thalassemia Variants: Is Third-Generation Sequencing Enough?

CONTEXT.­: Rare thalassemia subtypes are often undiagnosed because conventional testing methods can only identify 23 common types of α- and ß-thalassemia. OBJECTIVE.­: To assess a comprehensive approach for the screening and diagnosis of rare thalassemia. DESIGN.­: The study cohort included 72 individuals with suspected rare thalassemia variants. Screening was conducted by next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with third-generation sequencing (TGS) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA)/copy number variation sequencing. RESULTS.­: Of the 72 individuals with suspected rare thalassemia, 49 had rare α- or ß-gene variants. NGS combined with gap polymerase chain reaction detected a total of 42 cases, resulting in a positive detection rate of 58.3%. Additionally, 4 α-globin genetic deletions were identified by TGS, which increased the variant detection rate by 5.6%. Two samples with a microdeletion of chromosome 16 or 11 were detected by CMA, which increased the detection rate by 2.8%. For one sample, reanalysis of the NGS and TGS data confirmed the presence of the ß41-42/ßN and ßN/ßN mosaic. The HBB:c.315 + 2delT mutation was initially reported in Guangdong Province, China. Two HBB gene mutations (HBB:c.315 + 5G>C and HBB:c.295G>A) and 4 rare HBA gene deletions (-11.1, -α27.6, -α2.4, and -α21.9) were initially identified in the Zhonshan region. The hematologic phenotypes of all rare cases in this study were clarified. CONCLUSIONS.­: Rare thalassemia variants are more common than previously thought. Despite advancements in TGS, there is still no foolproof method for detection of all types of thalassemia. Thus, a comprehensive approach is necessary for accurate screening and diagnosis of rare thalassemia variants.

Role of αENaC in root resorption of adjacent teeth due to entirely impacted mandibular third molars.

BACKGROUND: Entirely impacted mandibular third molar (EIM3M) concerns the pathological external root resorption (ERR) of the adjacent mandibular second molar (M2M) and formation of granulation tissue between two molars. The study aimed to clarify the effect of αENaC, a mechano-sensitive molecule, to explore the mechanical mechanism in this scenario. METHODS: The force EIM3M exerted on M2M was proved by finite element analysis. αENaC expressions were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules expressions were also detected by real-time PCR. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was further exhibited. RESULTS: The force was concentrated in the ERR area. αENaC was upregulated, positively correlated with ERR degree and localized to the fibroblasts in ERR granulation tissues. Moreover, αENaC was respectively and positively associated with elevated TNF-α and N-cadherin in ERR granulation tissues. More importantly, ROC analysis verified αENaC as a novel indication of the incidence of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding revealed the force from EIM3M causing ERR of M2M, and elucidated the expression and localization of αENaC and its positive correlation with inflammation, EMT and disease severity, suggesting a novel indication in this disease.

OsPGL3A encodes a DYW-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein involved in chloroplast RNA processing and regulated chloroplast development.

The chloroplast serves as the primary site of photosynthesis, and its development plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and morphogenesis. The Pentatricopeptide Repeat Sequence (PPR) proteins constitute a vast protein family that function in the post-transcriptional modification of RNA within plant organelles. In this study, we characterized mutant of rice with pale green leaves (pgl3a). The chlorophyll content of pgl3a at the seedling stage was significantly reduced compared to the wild type (WT). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that pgl3a exhibited aberrant chloroplast development compared to the wild type (WT), accompanied by significant alterations in gene expression levels associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis. The Mutmap analysis revealed that a single base deletionin the coding region of Os03g0136700 in pgl3a. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing, two homozygous cr-pgl3a mutants were generated and exhibited a similar phenotype to pgl3a, thereby confirming that Os03g0136700 was responsible for pgl3a. Consequently, it was designated as OsPGL3A. OsPGL3A belongs to the DYW-type PPR protein family and is localized in chloroplasts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the RNA editing efficiency of rps8-182 and rpoC2-4106, and the splicing efficiency of ycf3-1 were significantly decreased in pgl3a mutants compared to WT. Collectively, these results indicate that OsPGL3A plays a crucial role in chloroplast development by regulating the editing and splicing of chloroplast genes in rice. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01468-7.

Modeling the Zigzag Curves of Transition Metal Ions' Charge Transition Levels in Crystals.

Predicting the defect levels of transition metal (TM) dopants in the band gap of crystals is critical in determining the charge states of TM dopants and explaining their electronic and optical properties. By analyzing the calculated charge transition levels and the crystal-field strengths of all the 3d-TM ions in several insulators, we demonstrate that the variation trend of the 3d-TM dopants in a crystal is a scaling of the variation of 3d-electron binding energies (ionization potential) of the free TM ions corrected by adding the contribution of the 3d-orbital's crystal-field splitting. We therefore develop a model to predict the relative location of TM ions' defect levels in the band gap from the defect level and crystal-field splitting of a reference TM ion in the host of concern. The model is applied to predict the defect levels of the series of TM ions in ß-Ga2O3 and ZnO, which have moderate to small band gaps, making some of the levels fall into the conduction or valence bands. These results show that the model may serve as a quick reference for related material design and optimization.

Paternal preconception alcohol consumption increased Angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction in male offspring cerebral arteries via oxidative stress-AT1R pathway.

Alcohol consumption is popular worldwidely and closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Influences of paternal preconception alcohol consumption on offspring cerebral arteries are largely unknown. Male rats were randomly given alcohol or water before being mated with alcohol-naive females to produce alcohol- and control-sired offspring. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) was tested with a Danish Myo Technology wire myograph, patch-clamp, IONOPTIX, immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR. Alcohol consumption enhanced angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated constriction in male offspring MCA mainly via AT1R. PD123,319 only augmented AngII-induced constriction in control offspring. AngII and Bay K8644 induced stronger intracellular calcium transient in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from MCA of alcohol offspring. L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-Ca2+ ) current at baseline and after AngII-stimulation was higher in VSMCs. Influence of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKC a ) was lower. Caffeine induced stronger constriction and intracellular calcium release in alcohol offspring. Superoxide anion was higher in alcohol MCA than control. Tempol and thenoyltrifluoroacetone alleviated AngII-mediated contractions, while inhibition was significantly higher in alcohol group. The mitochondria were swollen in alcohol MCA. Despite lower Kcnma1 and Prkce expression, many genes expressions were higher in alcohol group. Hypoxia induced reactive oxygen species production and increased AT1R expression in control MCA and rat aorta smooth muscle cell line. In conclusion, this study firstly demonstrated paternal preconception alcohol potentiated AngII-mediated vasoconstriction in offspring MCA via ROS-AT1R. Alcohol consumption increased intracellular calcium via L-Ca2+ channel and endoplasmic reticulum and decreased BKCa function. The present study provided new information for male reproductive health and developmental origin of cerebrovascular diseases.

OsWRKY78 regulates panicle exsertion via gibberellin signaling pathway in rice.

Panicle exsertion is one of the crucial agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa). Shortening of panicle exsertion often leads to panicle enclosure and severely reduces seed production. Gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating panicle exsertion. However, the underlying mechanism and the relative regulatory network remain elusive. Here, we characterized the oswrky78 mutant showing severe panicle enclosure, and found that the defect of oswrky78 is caused by decreased bioactive GA contents. Biochemical analysis demonstrates that OsWRKY78 can directly activate GA biosynthesis and indirectly suppress GA metabolism. Moreover, we found OsWRKY78 can interact with and be phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase OsMAPK6, and this phosphorylation can enhance OsWRKY78 stability and is necessary for its biological function. Taken together, these results not only reveal the critical function of OsWRKY78, but also reveal its mechanism via mediating crosstalk between MAPK and the GA signaling pathway in regulating panicle exsertion.

Efficient Removal of Iodine from Water by a Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Nanofilm.

The efficient removal of radioactive iodine from an aqueous solution is largely dependent on the adsorbent materials employed. In this work, we report a calix[4]pyrrole-based nanofilm and its application for the rapid removal of iodine from water. The nanofilm was synthesized through a confined dynamic condensation of tetra hydrazide calix[4]pyrrole with 1,3,5-tri-(4-formylphenyl) aldehyde at the air/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface. The thickness of the obtained nanofilm is ∼35 nm, enabling fast mass transfer and a high ratio of accessible binding sites for iodine. The pseudo-second-order rate constant of the nanofilm for iodine is ∼0.061 g g-1 min-1, 3 orders of magnitude higher than most reported adsorbent materials. Flow-through nanofiltration tests demonstrated that the nanofilm has an adsorption capacity of 1.48 g g-1, a high removal efficiency, and good reusability. The mechanism study revealed that the moieties of Schiff base, pyrrole, and aromatic rings play a key role for binding iodine. We believe this work provides not only a new strategy for the efficient removal of radioactive iodine from water but also new ideas for designing efficient iodine adsorbents.

A Nanofilm-Based Fluorescent Sensor toward Highly Efficient Detection of Ethephon.

Ethephon (ETH) is widely used to promote fruit ripening and improve fruit quality. However, improper use is harmful to human health and to the environmental safety. Therefore, development of the techniques for on-site and at real-time monitoring of ETH is of importance for its safe use. In this work, we developed a nanofilm-based fluorescence film sensor (FFS) and realized highly efficient detection of ETH in vapor phase, where the detection limit (DL) is <0.2 ppb, the response time is less than 10 s, and the interference is almost free. The unusual sensing performance of the sensor was ascribed to the specific binding of the nanofilm to ETH and to its great porosity, which enables efficient adlayer mass transfer, a requirement for high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, visualization-based qualitative sensing is also realized. The nanofilm, a key component of the sensor, was prepared at the humid air/DMSO interface. The building blocks used were a specially designed fluorescent o-carborane derivative (CB-2CHO) and a cross-linker BTN possessing three acylhydrazine groups. The nanofilm as prepared is flexible, uniform, thickness tunable, and photochemically super stable. We believe our effort not only addresses the challenging issue of on-site and at real-time detection of ETH but also provides another route for developing new FFSs via sensing film innovation.

Fully Reversible and Super-Fast Photo-Induced Morphological Transformation of Nanofilms for High-Performance UV Detection and Light-Driven Actuators.

Flexible and highly ultraviolet (UV) sensitive materials garner considerable attention in wearable devices, adaptive sensors, and light-driven actuators. Herein, a type of nanofilms with unprecedented fully reversible UV responsiveness are successfully constructed. Building upon this discovery, a new system for ultra-fast, sensitive, and reliable UV detection is developed. The system operates by monitoring the displacement of photoinduced macroscopic motions of the nanofilms based composite membranes. The system exhibits exceptional responsiveness to UV light at 375 nm, achieving remarkable response and recovery times of < 0.3 s. Furthermore, it boasts a wide detection range from 2.85 µW cm-2 to 8.30 mW cm-2, along with robust durability. Qualitative UV sensing is accomplished by observing the shape changes of the composite membranes. Moreover, the composite membrane can serve as sunlight-responsive actuators for artificial flowers and smart switches in practical scenarios. The photo-induced motion is ascribed to the cis-trans isomerization of the acylhydrazone bonds, and the rapid and fully reversible shape transformation is supposed to be a synergistic result of the instability of the cis-isomers acylhydrazone bonds and the rebounding property of the networked nanofilms. These findings present a novel strategy for both quantitative and qualitative UV detection.

Supplementation with Complex Dietary Fiber during Late Pregnancy and Lactation Can Improve Progeny Growth Performance by Regulating Maternal Antioxidant Status and Milk Quality.

This study investigated the nutritional benefits of complex dietary fiber (beta-glucan and fructo-oligosaccharides, CDF) supplementation in sows and piglets during late pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-four sows were randomly divided into two groups: the control group was fed a basal diet (n = 12), and the experimental group was fed a CDF diet (0.25% CDF replaced the same proportion of corn in the basal diet, n = 12). Dietary treatment was given from day 107 of pregnancy to day 25 of lactation. The results of this experiment showed that CDF increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows during lactation and the weaning body weight (BW) and average daily gain of piglets. Dietary CDF supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and immune level of sows and decreased the serum zonulin level. Dietary supplementation with CDF increased the levels of antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin, and anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in milk. Meanwhile, piglets in the CDF group had increased serum antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin, and growth-related hormone levels; decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels; and increased fecal short-chain fatty acid content. In addition, the CDF group increased the diversity of microorganisms in sow feces. In conclusion, the supplementation of a diet with CDF in late pregnancy and lactation can alleviate the oxidative stress of sows, improve milk quality, and have significant positive effects on the antioxidant capacity and growth performance of piglets.