The Role of Calcium in Regulating the Conformational Dynamics of d-Galactose/d-Glucose-Binding Protein Revealed by Markov State Model Analysis.

The d-glucose/d-galactose-binding protein (GGBP) from Escherichia coli is a substrate-binding protein (SBP) associated with sugar transport and chemotaxis. It is also a calcium-binding protein, which makes it unique in the SBP family. However, the functional importance of Ca2+ binding is not fully understood. Here, the calcium-dependent properties of GGBP were explored by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state model (MSM) analysis as well as single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements. In agreement with previous experimental studies, we observed the structure stabilization effect of Ca2+ binding on the C-terminal domain of GGBP, especially the Ca2+-binding site. Interestingly, the MSMs of calcium-depleted GGBP and calcium-bound GGBP (GGBP/Ca2+) demonstrate that Ca2+ greatly stabilizes the open conformation, and smFRET measurements confirmed this result. Further analysis reveals that Ca2+ binding disturbs the local hydrogen bonding interactions and the conformational dynamics of the hinge region, thereby weakening the long-range interdomain correlations to favor the open conformation. These results suggest an active regulatory role of Ca2+ binding in GGBP, which finely tunes the conformational distribution. The work sheds new light on the study of calcium-binding proteins in prokaryotes.

Targeting the N Terminus of eIF4AI for Inhibition of Its Catalytic Recycling.

DEAD-box ATP-dependent helicases (DEAH/D) are a family of conserved genes predominantly involved in gene expression regulation and RNA processing. As its prototype, eIF4AI is an essential component of the protein translation initiation complex. Utilizing a screening system based on wild-type eIF4AI and its L243G mutant with a changed linker domain, we discovered an eIF4AI inhibitor, sanguinarine (SAN) and used it to study the catalytic mechanism of eIF4AI. Herein, we describe the crystal structure of the eIF4AI-inhibitor complex and demonstrate that the binding site displays certain specificity, which can provide the basis for drug design to target eIF4AI. We report that except for competitive inhibition SAN's possible mechanism of action involves interference with eIF4AI catalytic cycling process by hindering the formation of the closed conformation of eIF4AI. In addition, our results highlight a new targetable site on eIF4AI and confirm eIF4AI as a viable pharmacological target.

Conformational stability and dynamics of the cancer-associated isoform Δ133p53ß are modulated by p53 peptides and p53-specific DNA.

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that maintains genome stability, but its Δ133p53ß and Δ160p53ß isoforms promote breast cancer cell invasion. The sequence truncations in the p53 core domain raise key questions related to their physicochemical properties, including structural stabilities, interaction mechanisms, and DNA-binding abilities. Herein, we investigated the conformational dynamics of Δ133p53ß and Δ160p53ß with and without binding to p53-specific DNA by using molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that the core domains of the 2 truncated isoforms are much less stable than wild-type (wt) p53ß, and the increased solvent exposure of their aggregation-triggering segment indicates their higher aggregation propensities than wt p53. We also found that Δ133p53ß stability is modulable by peptide or DNA interactions. Adding a p53 peptide (derived from truncated p53 sequence 107-129) may help stabilize Δ133p53. Most importantly, our simulations of p53 isomer-DNA complexes indicate that Δ133p53ß dimer, but not Δ160p53ß dimer, could form a stable complex with p53-specific DNA, which is consistent with recent experiments. This study provides physicochemical insight into Δ133p53ß, Δ133p53ß-DNA complexes, Δ133p53ß's pathologic mechanism, and peptide-based inhibitor design against p53-related cancers.-Lei, J., Qi, R., Tang, Y., Wang, W., Wei, G., Nussinov, R., Ma, B. Conformational stability and dynamics of the cancer-associated isoform Δ133p53ß are modulated by p53 peptides and p53-specific DNA.