RESUMO
Mornaphthoate E (MPE) is a prenylated naphthoic acid methyl ester isolated from the roots of a famous Chinese medicinal plant Morinda officinalis and shows remarkable cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines. In the current project, the first total synthesis of (±)-MPE was achieved in seven steps and 5.6% overall yield. Then the in vitro anti-tumor activity of MPE was first assessed for both enantiomers in two breast cancer cells, with the levoisomer exerting slightly better potency. The in vivo anti-tumor effect was further verified by applying the racemate in an orthotopic autograft mouse model. Notably, MPE exerted promising anti-metastasis activity both in vitro and in vivo and showed no obvious toxicity on mice at the therapeutic dosage. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MPE acted as a tubulin polymerization stabilizer and disturbed the dynamic equilibrium of microtubules via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling. In conclusion, our work has provided a new chemical template for the future design and development of next-generation tubulin-targeting chemotherapies.
RESUMO
The oxidative, dearomative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of indoles with various C-H nucleophiles is developed. This process features a broad substrate scope with respect to both indoles and nucleophiles, affording structurally diverse 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones in high yields (up to 99%). The oxidative dimerization and trimerization of indoles has also been demonstrated under the same conditions.
Assuntos
Carbono/química , Hidrogênio/química , Indóis/síntese química , Dimerização , Indóis/química , Estrutura Molecular , Acoplamento Oxidativo , PolimerizaçãoRESUMO
A facile and efficient asymmetric dearomative oxyalkylation of indoles with TEMPO oxoammonium salt and a variety of aldehydes and ketones has been described. This metal-free approach provides a straightforward access to C2 quaternary oxindoles in high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities under very mild conditions. The reaction goes smoothly even with only 0.1% equivalent catalyst. Moreover, 2-alkylindoles have proven to be suitable substrates for the first time.