Imaging in Pediatric Lung Disease: Current Practice and Future Directions.

Pediatric diseases present differently from adult diseases and imaging forms a cornerstone of modern pediatric care through differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and measuring response to therapy. Imaging is especially well suited to providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms driving disease through structural and functional imaging. In this review, we describe key imaging findings in standard-of-care and state-of-the-art techniques in pediatric and adult diseases with origins in childhood. We examine applications in small airways disease, large airway disease, diseases of maturity, interstitial lung disease, neuromuscular disease, congenital disease, and pulmonary infection.

Connective tissue disease-associated lung disease in children.

Connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases that can affect a variety of organ systems. Lung parenchymal involvement is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in children with connective tissue disease. Connective tissue disease-associated lung disease in children often manifests as one of several radiologic-pathologic patterns of disease, with certain patterns having a propensity to occur in association with certain connective tissue diseases. In this article, key clinical, histopathologic, and computed tomography (CT) features of typical patterns of connective tissue disease-associated lung disease in children are reviewed, with an emphasis on radiologic-pathologic correlation, to improve recognition of these patterns of lung disease at CT and to empower the pediatric radiologist to more fully contribute to the care of pediatric patients with these conditions.