High Response and ppb-Level Detection toward Hydrogen Sensing by Palladium-Doped α-Fe2O3 Nanotubes.

Developing hydrogen sensors with parts per billion-level detection limits, high response, and high stability is crucial for ensuring safety across various industries (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, chemical manufacturing, and aerospace). Despite extensive research on parts per billion-level detection, it still struggles to meet stringent requirements. Here, high performance and ppb-level H2 sensing have been developed with palladium-doped iron oxide nanotubes (Pd@Fe2O3 NTs), which have been prepared by FeCl3·6H2O, PdCl2, and PVP electrospinning and air calcination techniques. Various characterization techniques (FESEM, TEM, XRD, and so forth) were used to prove that the nanotube structure was successfully prepared, and the doping of Pd nanoparticles was realized. The experiments show that palladium doping can significantly improve the gas response of iron oxide nanotubes. Specifically, 0.59 wt % Pd@Fe2O3 NTs have high response (Ra/Rg = 41,000), high selectivity, and excellent repeatability for 200 ppm hydrogen at 300 °C. Notably, there was still a significant response at a low detection limit (LOD) of 50 ppb (Ra/Rg = 16.8). This excellent hydrogen sensing performance may be attributed to the high surface area of the nanotubes, the p-n heterojunction of PdO/Fe2O3, which allows more oxygen to be adsorbed on the surface, and the catalytic action of Pd nanoparticles, which promotes the reaction of hydrogen with surface-adsorbed oxygen.

Low-Surface-Area Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Submicrospheres as High-Coulombic-Efficiency and High-Capacity Anodes for Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Nitrogen-doped carbon submicrospheres (NCSMs) are synthesized via an efficient and environmentally friendly one-pot polymerization reaction at room temperature, in which dopamine hydrochloride serves as the source for both carbon and nitrogen. Through leverage of its distinctive structure characterized by minimal surface area, fewer oxygen-containing functional groups, and a heightened presence of active nitrogen-doping sites, the synthesized NCSM showcases a noteworthy initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 84.8%, a remarkable sodium storage capacity of 384 mAh g-1, an impressive rate capability of 215 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1, and a superior cyclic performance, maintaining 83.0% of its capacity after 2000 cycles. The submicron spherical structure, with its limited surface area and scarce oxygen-containing moieties, effectively curtails the irreversible sodium-ion loss in solid-electrolyte interphase film formation, resulting in heightened ICE. The abundant nitrogen doping can expand carbon-layer spacing as well as improve the electron/ion-transport dynamics, guaranteeing a high sodium storage capacity and a strong rate capability. Crucially, the synthesis method presented here is straightforward, effective, and amenable to scaling, offering a novel avenue for the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries.

Plasma-Engraved Lattice-Matched NiO/NiFe2O4 Heterostructure with Ample Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Water Electrolysis and Zn-Air Batteries.

Heterogeneous interface and defect engineering offer effective pathways to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) charge transfer kinetics and motivate optimal intrinsic catalytic activity. Herein, we report the lattice-matched NiO/NiFe2O4 heterostructure with ample oxygen vacancies (Vo-NiO/NiFe2O4) induced by a feasible hydrothermal followed by calcination and plasma-engraving assistant technique, which shows the unique porous microflower arrangement of intertwined nanosheets. Benefitting from the synergetic effects between lattice-matched heterointerface and oxygen vacancies induce the strong electronic coupling, optimized OH-/O2 diffusion pathway and ample active sites, thus-prepared Vo-NiO/NiFe2O4 presents a favorable OER performance with a low overpotential (261 mV @ 10 mA cm-2) and small Tafel slope (39.4 mV dec-1), even surpassing commercial RuO2 catalyst. Additionally, the two-electrode configuration water electrolyzer and rechargeable zinc-air battery assembled by Vo-NiO/NiFe2O4 catalyst show the potential practical application directions. This work provides an innovative avenue for strengthening OER performance toward water electrolysis and Zn-air batteries via the interface and vacancy engineering strategy.

Regulation and mechanism of organic selenium on quorum sensing, biofilm, and antioxidant effects of Lactobacillus paracasei.

Different organic compounds can have varying degrees of impact on the activity of Lactobacillus paracasei. The study focused on the impact and action mechanism of different organic selenium products on the bioactivity of two strains of L. paracasei. The growth, antioxidant activity, extracellular polysaccharide secretion, quorum sensing (QS), and biofilm formation of the strains before and after the addition of organic selenium crude products and three organic selenium standard were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of crude organic selenium promoted the various activities of the strain. l-selenocysteine had the strongest regulatory effect, with maximum GIM1.80 biofilm formation when it reached a critical concentration of 0.4 µg/mL; l-selenomethionine resulted in the highest activity of the signal molecule Auto inducer-2 of GDMCC1.155, when it reached a critical concentration of 0.4 µg/mL. The results of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the addition of organic selenium effectively improved the morphological structure of the two bacterial cells. Molecular docking revealed that the mechanism by which organic selenium regulates QS in Lactobacillus was achieved by binding two crucial receptor proteins (histidine protein kinase HKP and periplasmic binding protein LuxP) from specific sites. Furthermore, organic selenium products have a beneficial regulatory effect on the biological activity of L. paracasei. Overall, these findings provide a new alternative (organic selenium) for regulating the viability and beneficial activity of L. paracasei.

A deep learning model adjusting for infant gender, age, height, and weight to determine whether the individual infant suit ultrasound examination of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Objective: To examine the correlation between specific indicators and the quality of hip joint ultrasound images in infants and determine whether the individual infant suit ultrasound examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Method: We retrospectively selected infants aged 0-6 months, undergone ultrasound imaging of the left hip joint between September 2021 and March 2022 at Shenzhen Children's Hospital. Using the entropy weighting method, weights were assigned to anatomical structures. Moreover, prospective data was collected from infants aged 5-11 months. The left hip joint was imaged, scored and weighted as before. The correlation between the weighted image quality scores and individual indicators were studied, with the last weighted image quality score used as the dependent variable and the individual indicators used as independent variables. A Long-short term memory (LSTM) model was used to fit the data and evaluate its effectiveness. Finally, The randomly selected images were manually measured and compared to measurements made using artificial intelligence (AI). Results: According to the entropy weight method, the weights of each anatomical structure as follows: bony rim point 0.29, lower iliac limb point 0.41, and glenoid labrum 0.30. The final weighted score for ultrasound image quality is calculated by multiplying each score by its respective weight. Infant gender, age, height, and weight were found to be significantly correlated with the final weighted score of image quality (P < 0.05). The LSTM fitting model had a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the α and ß angles between manual measurement and AI measurement was 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. Conclusion: The quality of ultrasound images for infants can be influenced by the individual indicators (gender, age, height, and weight). The LSTM model showed good fitting efficiency and can help clinicians select whether the individual infant suit ultrasound examination of DDH.

Diagnosis of neonatal neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder characterized with the development of multiple benign tumors on the nerves and skin. CASE PRESENTATION: This report described a neonatal case with a large mass observed on the left side of the maxillofacial and cervical region at birth. Meantime, multiple cafe-au-lait macules (CALMs) were seen on the trunk and both lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: In this case, the clinical features of the rare NF1 neonate are discussed along with its ultrasound findings.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Ultrasound Diagnosis on Infant Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Under Constrained Computational Resources.

OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound (US) is important for diagnosing infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, the accuracy of the diagnosis depends heavily on expertise. We aimed to develop a novel automatic system (DDHnet) for accurate, fast, and robust diagnosis of DDH. METHODS: An automatic system, DDHnet, was proposed to diagnose DDH by analyzing static ultrasound images. A five-fold cross-validation experiment was conducted using a dataset containing 881 patients to verify the performance of DDHnet. In addition, a blind test was conducted on 209 patients (158 normal and 51 abnormal cases). The feasibility and performance of DDHnet were investigated by embedding it into ultrasound machines at low computational cost. RESULTS: DDHnet obtained reliable measurements and accurate diagnosis predictions. It reported an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) on α angle of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97), ß angle of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98), FHC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99) and PFD of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.96) in abnormal cases. DDHnet achieved a sensitivity of 90.56%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 98.64%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.44% for the diagnosis of DDH. For the measurement task on the US device, DDHnet took only 1.1 seconds to operate and complete, whereas the experienced senior expert required an average 41.4 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed DDHnet demonstrate state-of-the-art performance for all four indicators of DDH diagnosis. Fast and highly accurate DDH diagnosis is achievable through DDHnet, and is accessible under constrained computational resources.

Risk factors for high-dose methotrexate associated toxicities in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolic antitumor drug with high individual differences and may lead to severe toxicities in a considerable number of patients. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing major adverse events in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose MTX (HD-MTX), which could be useful in clinical practice. METHODS: Fifty-four patients who received 175 courses of MTX at 3-8 g/m2 between January 2015 and December 2016 were enrolled in this study. We assessed the association between clinical characteristics, MTX pharmacokinetics, MTX delayed elimination, and adverse events, including hepatotoxicity, acute kidney injury (AKI), and myelosuppression. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 124 adverse events occurred after MTX infusion. Using independent sample t-tests, we found that patients with myelosuppression had higher MTX area under the concentration-time curve up to 48 h after infusion (AUC0-48h ) (p = 0.001) and MTX peak concentration (Cmax ) (p = 0.002). MTX concentrations at 48 and 72 h were higher in patients with AKI than in those without (p = 0.034 and p = 0.041, respectively). Using chi-square tests, we found that AKI was correlated with MTX elimination at either 48 h or 72 h (22.1% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.010). By multivariate logistic regression model, our results showed that baseline level of ALT and WBC had a significant effect on hepatotoxicity (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.044-1.116, p = 6.9 × 10-6 ; OR = 0.808, 95% CI 0.711-0.917, p = 0.001, respectively). Patient's age, eGFR before MTX infusion, and co-administration of vindesine had a significant effect on AKI (OR = 0.960, 95% CI 0.935-0.986, p = 0.003; OR = 1.009, 95% CI 1.001-1.017, p = 0.034; OR = 5.463, 95% CI 1.793-16.646, p = 0.003, respectively). LDH and Co-administration of vindesine had a significant effect on myelosuppression (OR = 0.985, 95% CI 0.972-0.998, p = 0.025; OR = 3.070, 95% CI 1.032-9.133, p = 0.044). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that co-administration of VDS, eGFR before MTX infusion, and the baseline index of laboratory examinations including ALT, WBC, LDH may be useful biomarkers for predicting MTX-induced toxicities.

Electrochemically Controllable Synthesis of Low-Valence Titanium Sulfides for Advanced Sodium Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Life in a Wide Potential Window.

Low-valence titanium sulfides (LVTS) have metal-like electrical conductivities and a strong polysulfide binding abilities, which are promising anodes for sodium ion batteries with high capacities and long cycle lifes. However, it is difficult for traditional synthesis methods to synthesize LVTS without impurities. The electric field regulation method possesses the advantages of flexibility and high efficiency, achieving accurate control of the metal reduction process by adjusting the electrolysis potential and reaction time. In this work, we synthesized a series of LVTS (TiS and Ti2S) using electric field control methods and investigated their electrochemical behaviors as sodium storage anodes for the first time. Compared with traditional TiS2, LVTS display remarkable Na storage properties under the condition of complete electrochemical conversion at 0.005-3 V. Especially for TiS, it demonstrates a high capacity of 409 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 and inspiring cyclic stability over 6000 cycles. The large number of vacancies in the crystal structure can chemically anchor polysulfides and alleviate their dissolution in the electrolyte, resulting in superior long-term cyclic stability. The high intrinsic conductivity of LVTS is in favor of rapid transfer of electrons and promotes the fast conversion of polysulfides to sodium sulfides, thus realizing high reversible capacities. Moreover, with its fast Na+ transport kinetics, the as-prepared TiS demonstrates an impressive rate performance of 321 mAh g-1 at 15 A g-1. Overall, the electric field regulation method is flexible and efficient, which provides a new route for the preparation of high-performance electrode materials. Moreover, nonstoichiometric metal compounds possess abundant active sites and rapid electron transport kinetics, which provide a new choice for promising sodium storage materials in large-scale energy storage applications.

Interstitial Water Improves Structural Stability of Iron Hexacyanoferrate for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered one of the promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries because of their low cost and tunable structure. As an intrinsic characteristic, the influence of structured water in PBAs on the electrochemical properties is still controversial. Herein, low-vacancy iron hexacyanoferrate with different interstitial water contents is synthesized through the citric acid-assisted single iron source method. Ex situ Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction characterization reveals that the interstitial water can stably exist in the Prussian blue framework during repeated cycling. The long-standing interstitial water can reduce the volume change during the Na+ insertion/extraction process, resulting in improved cycling stability. Thanks to the low Fe(CN)64- vacancies and pillar role of interstitial water in the crystal framework, the HW-PB exhibits a high reversible capacity of 117 mAh g-1 and excellent long cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91% after 1380 cycles. This work broadens the understanding of the relationship between the interstitial water in PBAs and Na-storage performances, providing guidance for the precise synthesis of high-quality PBAs.

Voltage and Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis Method for Traction Converter with Two Stator Current Sensors.

The traction converter is one of the key components of high-speed trains. Current and voltage sensor faults in the converter may lead to feedback values deviation and system degradation, which will bring security risks to the train. This paper proposes a real-time fault diagnosis method for grid current, DC-link voltage and stator current sensor faults in the traction converter with two stator current sensors, which can not only detect and locate faults but also identify the types of faults. Moreover, the faults considered in this paper are incipient. First, the DC-link model is established, and the fault is detected by the residual of the DC-link voltage. Next, the differential of DC-link voltage residual is calculated, which is applied to fault location. Then, according to the change of the differential values, different fault types are determined. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform is built and the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by the HIL tests.

Epidemiological investigation and ultrasonic diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in Chinese infants: A large multi-center cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is common among Chinese infants, but a lack of large-scale, multi-center epidemiological studies has made it difficult to characterize the risk factors associated with this disease.This multi-center cohort study included 19,833 Chinese infants aged 14 days to 6 months. A multi-center ultrasound protocol was used to diagnose hip abnormalities, and epidemiological data of the infants were collected through questionnaires. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and compared using χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed through logistic regression.Of 19,833 infants, 345 had DDH (1.7%). DDH incidence was higher in female infants (n = 279) than in male infants (n = 66) (χ2 = 95.89, P < .05), and there were more left hip cases (n = 149) than right hip cases (n = 79) (χ2 = 12.49, P < .05). DDH incidence was statistically different amongst different age groups in months (χ2 = 451.71, P < .05), and it gradually decreased with age (P < .05). The prevalence of a positive DDH family history, breech presentation, oligohydramnios, swaddling style, and other musculoskeletal deformities was higher in the positive group than in the negative group (all P < .05). No significant differences were found in terms of delivery by cesarean section, multiple births, or premature birth between both groups.Family history, breech presentation, oligohydramnios, musculoskeletal deformities, and female sex are high-risk factors for DDH in Chinese infants. The incidence of DDH gradually decreases with age. The results of this study provide evidence for the epidemiology of infant DDH in China.

The Safety and Effectiveness of Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Sonography in Chinese Children-A Single Center and Prospective Study in China.

Background and Objective: Intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), using the second-generation ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue®, has been widely used in adults. In 2016, it was approved for pediatric applications by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it has not been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CEUS in children prospectively at a single center in China. Methods: A total of 312 cases of Chinese children were enrolled in clinical trials. Contrast agent was given intravenously with two different doses, including 2.4 ml/time and 0.03 ml/kg. All CEUS was performed for evaluating adverse effect and the diagnostic accuracy compared with the pathology and enhanced CT. Results: All 312 subjects underwent CEUS successfully. The dose of contrast agent for CEUS was 2.4 ml between November 2015 and June 2016, which was modified to 0.03 ml/kg between July 2016 and April 2019, according to the recommendation of the FDA. With the two different doses of the contrast agent, the heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure of the participants had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) before and after administration. The blood pressure had been significantly decreased in participants who received combined anesthetic administration. Following 600 intravenous injections of the CEUS, there were three cases of transient rash and three cases of hypotension (n = 6, 1.92%). The six recovered quickly after receiving intravenous methylprednisolone and epinephrine. Most of the studies were performed for evaluating renal microcirculation and assisting renal biopsy (192/312 [61.5%]), which together had a 98.9% effectiveness in the identification of pathology in the specimens. Some studies were conducted to identify a mass in the liver, retroperitoneum, abdominal cavity, kidneys, testicles, thyroid, and so on (99/312 [31.4%]), which had a 97.6% accuracy. The other studies were conducted to identify trauma, vascular malformation, infection, hemorrhage, and so on (21/312 [6.73%]), which had a similar accuracy to enhanced CT. Conclusion: The adverse effects of CEUS in children are similar to that in adults. The results indicate that it is safe to use SonoVue® for CEUS in pediatric patients.

Facile Tailoring of Multidimensional Nanostructured Sb for Sodium Storage Applications.

Nanoengineering of metal electrodes are of great importance for improving the energy density of alkali-ion batteries, which have been deemed one of most effective tools for addressing the poor cycle stability of metallic anodes. However, the practical application of nanostructured electrodes in batteries is still challenged by a lack of efficient, low-cost, and scalable preparation methods. Herein, we propose a facile chemical dealloying approach to the tunable preparation of multidimensional Sb nanostructures. Depending on dealloying reaction kinetics regulated by different solvents, zero-dimensional Sb nanoparticles (Sb-NP), two-dimensional Sb nanosheets (Sb-NS), and three-dimensional nanoporous Sb are controllably prepared via etching Li-Sb alloys in H2O, H2O-EtOH, and EtOH, respectively. Morphological evolution mechanisms of the various Sb nanostructures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. When applied as anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), the as-prepared Sb-NS electrodes without any chemical modifications exhibit high reversible capacity of 620 mAh g-1 and retain 90.2% of capacity after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1. The excellent Na+ storage performance observed is attributable to the two-dimensional nanostructure, which ensures high degrees of Na+ accessibility, robust structural integrity, and rapid electrode transport. This facile and tunable approach can broaden ways of developing high performance metal electrodes with designed nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.

TiS2 as an Advanced Conversion Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries with Ultra-High Capacity and Long-Cycle Life.

Titanium disulfide (TiS2) is investigated as an advanced conversion electrode for sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIB) in an ether-based electrolyte (NaPF6/glyme (DME)). The as-prepared TiS2 demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 1040 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 with the capacity contribution of 521 mA h g-1 in the voltage region below 1.0 V (vs Na/Na+), remarkable initial coulombic efficiency of 95.9% and superior rate capability of 621 mA h g-1 at 40 A g-1. The high conductivity of the Ti-based compounds and nanosized particles generated by chemical conversion reactions could minimize the entropic barrier for the reversible conversion, resulting in high reversibility and ultrafast charge/discharge ability of the electrode. Moreover, with its strong ability to adsorb soluble polysulfide intermediates, the as-prepared TiS2 electrode exhibits superior cycling stability over 9000 cycles, serving as a stable and ultra-high capacity conversion electrode for NIBs.

Glycol Derived Carbon- TiO2 as Low Cost and High Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Carbon coated TiO2 (TiO2@C) is fabricated by a convenient and green one-pot solvothermal method, in which ethylene glycol serve as both the reaction medium and carbon source without the addition of any other carbon additives. During the solvothermal process, ethylene glycol polymerize and coordinate with Ti4+ to form the polymeric ligand precursor, then the polymer brushes carbonize and convert to homogeneous carbon layer firmly anchored on the TiO2 nanoparticles (~1 nm thickness). The polymerization and carbonization process of the ethylene glycol is confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, TG and TEM characterizations. Benefiting from the well-dispersed nanoparticles and uniform carbon coating, the as-prepared TiO2@C demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 317 mAh g-1 (94.6% of theoretical value), remarkable rate capability of 125 mAh g-1 at 3.2 A g-1 and superior cycling stability over 500 cycles, possibly being one of the highest capacities reported for TiO2.

[Auricular reconstruction with Medpor framework and temporal-parietal fascia flap].

OBJECTIVE: In search of a simpler and safer technique for auricular reconstruction with good appearance. METHODS: Medpor implant was used as auricular framework, and covered by temporal fascia flap and skin graft. RESULTS: Ear reconstruction was successfully achieved in 19 cases, the newly formed ears all had good appearance after edema disappeared 1 or 2 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Medpor is a kind of good implant material because it is steady in nature, easy to be sculptured. Temporal fascia flap is rich in blood supply, tough and tensile in biomechanics. So the combination of Medpor implant framework with temporal fascia flap is preferable in auricular reconstruction.