The role of the endometrial microbiome in embryo implantation and recurrent implantation failure.

There is a suggested pathophysiology associated with endometrial microbiota in cases where repeated implantation failure of high-quality embryos is observed. However, there is a suspected association between endometrial microbiota and the pathogenesis of implantation failure. However, there is still a lack of agreement on the fundamental composition of the physiological microbiome within the uterine cavity. This is primarily due to various limitations in the studies conducted, including small sample sizes and variations in experimental designs. As a result, the impact of bacterial communities in the endometrium on human reproduction is still a subject of debate. In this discourse, we undertake a comprehensive examination of the existing body of research pertaining to the uterine microbiota and its intricate interplay with the process of embryo implantation.

Epidemiologic and histopathological evaluation of unclassified gingival papules in Urmia, Iran.

Objectives: Unclassified gingival papules might be mistaken with other malignant lesions as they resemble some other oral lesions. The present study demonstrates epidemiologic and histopathological characteristics of the gingival unclassified papules in the patients referred to Urmia Dental School, Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design was conducted among 500 pateints in Urmai university of medical sciences, Iran. The participant's demographic data and medical history were obtained using clinical examinations and a questionnaire. Histopathological assessments were done in two specimens. The effect of the possible factors on the incidence of gingival papules was statistically assessed by Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 500 participants, 340 (68%) demonstrated unclassified gingival papules (40.9% males, 59.1% females; mean age of 34.9 years). No significant differences were found regarding the effect of gender, smoking, mouth breathing, history of skin disease or pregnancy on the incidence of gingival papules. However, the breastfeeding females (P < 0.004) or those using contraceptive pills (P < 0.02) showed lower frequency of papules' incidence. Among 340 papules, 332 (97.6%) were white in color, 337 (99.1%) were well defined and 331 (97.3%) were observed in the keratinized gingiva. 207 (60.9%) were multiple and 133 (39.1%) were single lesions. The papules showed healthy tissues similar to gingival tissue; however, abundant collagen bundles were irregular and close to the surface, which was covering by stratified squamous epithelium. Conclusion: Gingival papules are common findings in patients referring to Urmia Dental School; the lesions were almost white in color, well defined and appeared in the keratinized gingiva. The lesions were a variation of normal oral structures with no treatment requirements.

Comparative evaluation of bacterial colonization on removable dental prostheses in patients with COVID-19: A clinical study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In the outbreak of COVID-19, coinfections and even superinfections in the background of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection have been reported. Such bacterial and fungal strains may be colonized in different tissues and organs, including the oral cavity. Whether infection with COVID-19 could increase colonization of different bacterial strains on removable dental prostheses is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare bacterial colonization on removable dental prostheses in patients with COVID-19, before versus after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two sex- and age-matched groups of complete-denture-wearing participants (N=60) with and without a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Swabs were used at 2 different time intervals to sample areas of the dentures, which were then cultured and the colony smears Gram stained. A statistical analysis was conducted by using the Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05). RESULTS: Streptococcus species (93.3% versus 40.0%, P=.047) and Klebsiella pneumonia (46.7% versus 13.4%, P=.036) were detected more frequently in the COVID-19-positive group. CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of bacterial colonization, especially with Streptococcus species and Klebsiella pneumonia, were detected on removable dental prostheses after COVID-19 infection.