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Aim: To evaluate the changes in antimicrobial consumption and multidrug-resistant microorganism trends after introducing an empiric antimicrobial therapy manual to support antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: A 4-year prospective interventional study assessed the effect of introducing an empiric antimicrobial therapy manual in medical and surgical wards during two periods: pre-intervention period (January 2015-May 2017) and post-intervention period (June 2017-December 2019). Outcomes included microorganism trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria (KPC), extended spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL-E. coli, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. Also, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) episodes were included. Rates were normalised per 1000 patient-days (PD). Antimicrobial consumption was assessed as defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 PD in interrupted time series analysis. Results: In medical wards, we observed a significant decrease in the consumption of piperacillin-tazobactam and a decrease in the trends of tigecycline and vancomycin consumption. In surgical wards, there was a significant decrease in consumption of fluoroquinolones and piperacillin-tazobactam. This decrease was maintained in trend for all the antimicrobials but was significant for tigecycline only. In medical wards, there was a significant reduction of MRSA and C. albicans. In surgical wards, we observed a decrease in MRSA, ESBL-E. coli, C. albicans and CDI. KPC cases decreased by 22.5% in medical wards and 74.3% in surgical wards. Conclusion: The results suggest that a persuasive educational approach to antimicrobial stewardship, with the introduction of an empiric antimicrobial manual and continuous education, resulted in reductions in both antimicrobial use and healthcare-associated BSI caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. More studies with longer follow up are needed to investigate the effect of antimicrobial stewardship on clinical outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: TachoSil(®) is a medicated sponge coated with human fibrinogen and human thrombin. It is indicated as a support treatment in adult surgery to improve hemostasis, promote tissue sealing, and support sutures when standard surgical techniques are insufficient. This review systematically analyses the international scientific literature relating to the use of TachoSil in hemostasis and as a surgical sealant, from the point of view of its economic impact. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review of the PubMed literature up to November 2013. Based on the selection criteria, papers were grouped according to the following outcomes: reduction of time to hemostasis; decrease in length of hospital stay; and decrease in postoperative complications. RESULTS: Twenty-four scientific papers were screened, 13 (54%) of which were randomized controlled trials and included a total of 2,116 patients, 1,055 of whom were treated with TachoSil. In the clinical studies carried out in patients undergoing hepatic, cardiac, or renal surgery, the time to hemostasis obtained with TachoSil was lower (1-4 minutes) than the time measured with other techniques and hemostatic drugs, with statistically significant differences. Moreover, in 13 of 15 studies, TachoSil showed a statistically significant reduction in postoperative complications in comparison with the standard surgical procedure. The range of the observed decrease in the length of hospital stay for TachoSil patients was 2.01-3.58 days versus standard techniques, with a statistically significant difference in favor of TachoSil in eight of 15 studies. CONCLUSION: This analysis shows that TachoSil has a role as a supportive treatment in surgery to improve hemostasis and promote tissue sealing when standard techniques are insufficient, with a consequent decrease in postoperative complications and hospital costs.